Aurora Pioneers Memorial College

(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)

Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

STUDENT NAME: __________________________________________________________

ADDRESS:_________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER:_______________________________________________________

EMAIL ADD:______________________________________________________________

COURSE/ YEAR:___________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTOR:____________________________________________________________

SCHOOL YEAR:___________________________________________________________
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRETEST

INTRODUCTION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

LESSON 1

Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz
LESSON 2
Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz

LESSON 3

Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz

LESSON 4
Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz

LESSON 5
Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz

LESSON 6
Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz
LESSON 7

Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz

LESSON 8
Activity 1_________________________________________________Quiz

SUMMATIVE ASSESSEMENT
PERFORMANCE TASK
REFERENCES
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

OFFLINE COURSE SYLLABUS

Class Meeting Information

Instructor information

Prerequisites-Classes or Knowledge Required for this Course

Course Description

Course Objective

Course Text or offline Resources (Refer to your Module)

Other Requirements

Course Outline

ORIENTATION WEEK

Orientation Get acquainted and ready to go

By the end of the orientation week, the

students should be able to :

1. Discuss the right to organization

Objectives of employees;
2. Define collective bargaining;
3. Describe security of nature;
4. Explain humane working
conditions;
Examine participative management
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

WEEK 1

Lesson No. 1,2

Lesson 1 Constitutional Framework of Labor

Start of Employer-Employee

Lesson 2 Relationship

Method of Instruction

Assignments

WEEK 2

Lesson No. 1,2

Lesson 3 The Labor Organization

The Human Elements in an

Lesson 4 Industrial Organization

Method of Instruction

Assignments
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

WEEK 3

Lesson No. 1,2

Lesson 5 Collective Bargaining

Lesson 6 Wages

Method of Instruction

Assignments

WEEK 4

Lesson No. 1,2

Lesson 7 Hours of Work

Lesson 8 Working Conditions

Method of Instruction

Assignments

FINAL WEEK
FINAL EXAM
Evaluation and Grading

In this course, you will be evaluated in the following way:

Final Exam 25%

Midterm 20%
Quizzes Total 40%
Project 15%
Total 100%
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

PRETEST: In your own words, answer the following questions briefly.

1. What is Labor Relations Management and Negotiations? Discuss.

INTRODUCTION:

The collective bargaining process is the negotiation between the

employer and labor union on employee's wages, salaries, working conditions
and benefits. Once the agreement is reached, adherence to the contract
terms keeps both parties, the union and employer, in constant
communication.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Having successfully completed this module you will

be able to:

1. Discuss the right to organization of employees

2. Define Collective bargaining
3. Describe security nature
4. Explain humane working conditions
5. Examine participative management.

Course Outline

Article III-Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed

in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies
for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. (Bill of Rights-1987
Philippine Constitution).

Article III-Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed

in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies
for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-organization,

collective bargaining and negotiations, and peacefully concerted activities,
including the right to strike in accordance with law. They shall be entitled to
security of tenure, humane conditions of work, and a living wage. They shall
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

also participate in policy decision-making processes affecting their rights

and benefits as may be provided by law.

The state shall promote the principle of shared responsibility between

workers and employers and the preferential use of voluntary modes in
settling disputes, including conciliation, and shall enforce their mutual
compliance therewith to foster industrial peace.
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 1: CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF LABOR

Lesson 1

The Right to Self-Organization

The truthful and good understanding of the 1987 Constitution of the
Philippines is the first step in the discussion of labor-management topics.
The constitution of the land makes certain that the rights of workers or
employees are protected against any abuse.

An individual employee though desires to obtain better working

conditions cannot bargain on equal footing with employer.

In addition, employees with managerial positions in any kind of

organization cannot join, assist or form any labor organization. Without any
agreement opposing to the right to self-organization corporate executives
are not also allowed to share in any concessions given to the labor union
through collective negotiation.

The Collective Bargaining

The interests and concerns of the employees are generally presented
by representatives of a trade union where the employees belong.

Security of Tenure of an Employee

Security of Tenure provides protection, by guaranteeing that an
employee cannot be wronged for exercising his powers, functions and
duties.
The probationary employees who do not enjoy permanent status are
also accorded the constitutional protection of security of tenure.

Humane Working Conditions

Human working conditions are the focus of the salaried work and
employment relationships.

Participative Management
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Means including employees in the process of decision making.

The following are the importance of participative management in an

organization:
1. Employees see themselves with the work, which directs to better
performance.
2. Employees experience motivation because they are involve in
management.
3. This leads to self-worth, job satisfaction and collaboration of
employees with management.
4. It reduces conflicts and stress, resulting in more commitment to goals
and better acceptance to change.
5. It results in improved communication as people jointly talks about
work problems.

The Right to Strike

It is a potential weapon of employees against possible abuse of
employers.

Here are five key reasons why there is a need for the right to strike:
1. Striking is a last resort but sometimes the only tool for workers to
protect themselves.
2. To avoid being at the complete mercy of employers.
3. To give more of balance between worker and employer power.
4. Without it, more and more governments will ban industrial action and
punish people who dare to strike.
5. Most strikes are over pay and better working conditions. Without the
threat of strike action, corporations will be able to make bigger
profits, while conditions will get worse.

Just Share and Reasonable Return

Both employees and employers rights are recognized under the
Constitution to regulate and balance the relations between the two. A just
share to the fruits of one’s labor is a right guaranteed to all workers.

Subsistence Fishermen
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Fish workers shall obtain a reasonable share from their labor in the
use of marine and fishing resources.

LESSON 1
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write T if the statement is correct and F if

the statement is incorrect.

_____________1. The constitution of the land makes certain that the rights of
workers or employees are protected against any abuse.

_____________2. An individual employee though desires to obtain better

working conditions cannot bargain on equal footing with employer.

_____________3. Employees with managerial positions in any kind of

organization can join, assist or form any labor organization.

_____________4. The interests and concerns of the employees are generally

presented by representatives of a trade union where the employees belong.

_____________5. Security of tenure provides protection, by guaranteeing that

an employee cannot be wronged for exercising his powers, functions and
duties.

_____________6. Probationary employees who do not enjoy permanent status

are not accorded the constitutional protection of security of tenure.

_____________7. Humane working conditions are the focus of salaried work

and employment relationships.

_____________8. Participative Management means excluding employees in the

process of decision making.

_____________9. A just share to the fruits of one’s labor is right guaranteed to

all workers.

_____________10. Fish workers shall obtain a reasonable share from their

labor in the use of marine and fishing resources.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Five importance of participative management in an organization

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Five key reasons why there is a need for the right to strike

1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 2: START OF EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2

The Guild System and the Domestic System

All occupational groups have their own respected guild. The guild has
community tax as well.
The guild system became less competitive and tailored to a growing
economic.

The Industrial Revolution

Textiles were the leading industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms
of employment, value of output and capital invested; the textile industry was
also the original to use modern production methods.

The Factory System

The factory system is a method of manufacturing first adopted in
England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s and later
spread abroad. It replaced the putting-out system. The putting-out system
is a means of subcontracting work.
The main characteristics of the factory system is the use of machinery,
originally powered by water or steam and later by electricity.

The defining characteristics of the factory system are:

1. Use of unskilled labor
2. Economies of scale
3. Location
4. Centralization
5. Standardization and Uniformity

The Economies of scale- factories produced product on a much larger scale

than putting out our crafts systems.

Employer-Employee Relationship
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

An employer-employee relation is one of the trickiest functions an

employer or his managers have to perform.

An employer of a small organization may find it easier to maintain

amicable relationships with his employees.

When an office experiences a shift in leadership, employees may

experience confusion and even feel the sudden change in policies and
managerial approach are unreasonable or unfair.

Here the five major characteristics of an employer-employee

relationships:

1. Mutual Respect
2. Mutual Reliance
3. Openness and Communication
4. Support
5. Gratitude

LESSON 2
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write T if the statement is correct and F if

the statement is incorrect.

_____________1. All occupational groups had their own respective, guild.

_____________2. The guilds had no community task.

_____________3. The guild system was intended to be competitive rather than

cooperative.

_____________4. Textiles were the leading industry of the Industrial

Revolution.

_____________5. The putting-out system is a means of contracting work.

_____________6. The main characteristics of the factory system is the use

machinery, originally powered by water or stream and later by electricity.

_____________7. Factories produce product on much larger scale than the

putting out or crafts system.

_____________8. An employer-employee relation is one of the trickiest

functions an employer or his managers have to perform.

_____________9. When an office experiences a shift in leadership, employees

may experience confusion and even feel the sudden change in policies and
managerial approach are unreasonable or unfair.

_____________10. An employer of a small organization may find it easier to

maintain amicable relationships with his employees.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Five major characteristics of an employer-employee relationship

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Five defining characteristics of the factory system

1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 3: THE LABOR ORGANIZATION

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3

The Need for Organization

The working relationship during early days or production was that of

master and servant.

Positively the union has become a helpful ally of management with the
useful information concerning the status of employee morale.

Unionism

Through trade unions, workers are able to effectively communicate

with the management. The strike gave others hope that they could get their
concerns out by the word of mouth.

Trade Union, Contributions and Effects

A trade union is an organization of workers who have banded together

to achieve common goals such as better Woking conditions. The agreements
negotiated by the union leaders are binding on the rank and file members
and the employer and in some cases on other non-member workers.

Unfair Labor Practices

Unfair labor practices (ULP) are offenses committed by the employer or

labor organization which violate the constitutional right of workers and
employees to self-organization.

Registration of Labor Organization

All applications for registration shall be acted upon by the Bureau of

Labor Relations within 30 days from filing.

Who May Join Union

In the Philippines everyone working in profit type of organizations like

commercial, industrial and agricultural enterprises can self-organize. People
categorized as ambulant, intermittent and itinerant workers, self-employed,
rural workers and those without any particular employees could also form
their own organization for the sake of shared aid and defense for their
rights.
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

The following groups of people cannot join labor unions:

1. Security guards
2. Employees of cooperative who are also members themselves
3. Employees of government owned and controlled corporations with
original charter.
4. Managerial employees
5. Religious, medical and educational institutions operating not profit,
provided they do not have existing collective agreements at the time
of the affectivity of the Labor Code or have waive their exemption
voluntarily

Unfair Labor Practices of Labor Organizations

A labor organization commits ULP by nay of the following violations:

1. Restraint of coercion of employees in the exercise of their right to

self-organization; However, the labor organization shall have the right
to prescribe its own rules with respect to the acquisition or retention
of membership; and
2. Causing or attempting to cause an employer to discriminate against an
employee, including discrimination against an employee with respect
to whom
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

LESSON 3

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write C if the statement is correct and IC if

the statement is incorrect.

_____________1. The working relationship during the early days of production

was that of master ad servant.

_____________2. Through the trade unions, workers are able to effectively

communicate with the management.

_____________3. The strike gave others hope that they could get their
concerns out by word of mouth.

_____________4. Positively, union has become helpful ally of management

with the useful information concerning the status of employee morale.

_____________5. A trade union is an organization of workers who have

banded together to achieve common goals such as better working
conditions.

_____________6. Unfair labor practices are offenses committed by the

employer or labor organization which violate the constitutional right of
workers and employees to self-organization.

_____________7. The agreements negotiated by the union leaders are binding

in the rank and file members and the employer and in some cases on other
non-member workers.

_____________8. In the Philippines everyone working in profit type of

organizations like commercial, industrial and agricultural enterprises can
self-organize.

_____________9. All applications for registration shall be acted upon by the

Bureau of Labor Relations within 60 daysfrom filling.

_____________10. People categorized as ambulant, intermittent and itinerant

workers, self-employed, rural workers and those without any particular
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

employers could also from their own organization for the sake of shared aid
defense for their rights.

II. Enumeration

Five groups of people who cannot join labor unions

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Unfair labor practices of labor organizations.

1.________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4: THE HUMANE ELEMENTS IN AN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION

Lesson 4
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Every employees must be treated as human being.

Employees are Human

Employees add value, character, and innovation, and all of these things
lead to customers and revenue. People wake up as human beings, not as
employees of any other company. Personal experiences lend perspective that
encourages extraordinary contribution.

Pride in Work

One of the most useful characters that management must cultivate

and develop is pride for one’s work.

Problems of Employees

High employee productivity is the heartbeat of a successful business.

Troubled employees often call in sick or aren’t mentally present when they
attend work.

Problems of Employees

Employees have three kinds of personal problems, which are:

1. Includes personal money, financing, income tax, legal matters, family

health, housing; education of children
2. Job-related-supervision, advancement, transfer, relocation, wages,
retirement
3. Jobs company and the future-feel neglected, feel insecure

Counselling

A less formal way of dealing with a performance issue is to undertake

an informal counselling session. Problems are inevitable and so employees
need counselling for them to do the right things in their jobs and in their
personal lives.

There are two techniques in counselling:

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

1. Directive-someone gives advice and guidance; counselor controls the

interview and moves the individual toward a counselor-chosen goal
2. Nondirective-neither gives advice and guidance but assists the other
person in finding solutions to the problem; counselor stresses means
by which the individual becomes more conscious of his own attitude
and feelings with a consequent increase in insight and understanding.

Guidelines to follow counselling:

Suggestions to follow when counselling employees:

1. Advise the employees the specifics of the behaviour and how the
behaviour is affecting their work.
2. Be specific and compare current performance to expected
performance or behaviour. Give examples.
3. Avoid comparing the employee with others employees.

LESSON 4
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write √ if the statement is correct and X if

the statement is incorrect.

_____________1. Every employee must be treated as human being.

_____________2. Employees add value, character, and innovation, and all of

these things lead to customers and revenue.

_____________3. People wake up as human beings and employees of a

company

_____________4. Personal experiences lend perspective that encourages

extraordinary contribution.

_____________5. A formal way of dealing with performance issue is to

undertake an informal counselling session.

_____________6. One of the most useful characters that management must

cultivate and develop is pride for one’s work.

_____________7. High employee productivity is the heartbeat of a successful

business.

_____________8. Problems are inevitable and so employees need counselling

for them to do the right things in their jobs and in their personal lives.

_____________9. All applications for registration shall be acted upon by the

Bureau of Labor Relations within 60 days from filling. Troubled employees
often call in sick or aren’t mentally present when they attend work.

_____________10. Personal problems include money, financing, income tax,

legal matters, family health, housing and education of children.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Five groups of people who cannot join labor unions

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Five unfair labor practices of labor organizations.

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 5: COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

Lesson 5
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Views on Collective Bargaining

Collective bargaining constitutes one of the core tools for trade

unions.

Individual vs. Collective Bargaining

Individual bargaining is the process by which an employer and an

employee negotiate an individual contract of employment, regulating the
terms and conditions of employment.

Strength of Collective Bargaining

Collective bargaining has been around since World War II and has
developed rapidly, some collective bargaining agreements are registered
with the labor court and are binding by law, however others are only
mutually accepted agreements the advantages of collective bargaining
include:

1. Can to high-performance workplace where labor and management

jointly engage in problem solving, addressing issues on an equal
standing.
2. Provides legally bases bilateral relationship
3. Management’s rights are clearly spelled out
4. Employers’ and employee’s’ right protected by binding collective
bargaining agreement
5. Multi-year contracts may provide budgetary predictability on salary
and other compensations issues

Procedure
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

The labor code prescribes the procedure to be observed in collective

bargaining, as follows:

1. When a party desires to negotiate an agreement, it shall serve a written

notice upon the other with a statement of its proposals. The party
shall make a reply thereto not later than ten (10) days from receipt
such notice.
2. Should differences arises on the basis of such notice and reply, either
party may request for a conference which shall begin no later than 10
days
3. If the dispute is not settled, the Bureau of Labor Relations shall
intervene upon request of either both parties or at its own initiative
and it shall be the duty of the parties t participate fully and promptly
in the conciliation meetings the Bureau may call
4. During the conciliation proceedings in the Bureau, the parties are
prohibited from doing any act which may disrupt or impede the early
settlement of the disputes
5. The bureau shall exert all efforts to settle disputes amicably and
encourage the parties to submit their case to a voluntary aritrator

LESSON 5
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write Rif the statement is true and Wif the
statement is false.

_____________1. Collective bargaining constitutes one of the core tools for

trade unions.
_____________2. Individual bargaining is a process of negotiation between
employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements to
regulate working conditions.
_____________3. Collective bargaining is the process by which an employer
and an employee negotiate an individual contract of employment, regulating
the terms and conditions of employment.
_____________4. Collective bargaining has been around since World War I and
has developed rapidly.
_____________5. All grievances submitted to grievance machinery which are
not settled within five calendar days from the date of its submission shall
automatically be referred to voluntary arbitration.
_____________6. The grievance procedure is a part of the continuous process
of collective bargaining.
_____________7. Collective bargaining is a voluntary process and must be
carried out freely and in good faith.
_____________8. Mutual adjustment is one of the key causes of the changes
that occur during a negotiation.
_____________9. The union that garners minority of the valid votes cast in a
valid certification election shall be certified as the SEBA.
_____________10. Certification election in unorganized establishments shall
“automatically” be conducted upon the filing of a petition for certification
election by an independent union or a federation in behalf of the chartered
local or the local/chapter itself.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Five advantages of collective bargaining

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Five steps in the procedure to be observed in collective bargaining

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 6: WAGES

Lesson 6
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Early man worked for himself and consumed what he produced. Wage
therefore was not important. Wage today is an important aspect of every
individuals earn wages that increase their net worth.

Birth of the Wage System

Artisans sell the products produced by their industry was well as their
skill for a price.

Remuneration

In ancient time remuneration of workers were made in the form of

bread, beer, grain, meat and cloth rations, which were the necessities of life.

Real Wage and Money Wage

In economics real wage is income of individual, organization, or

country, after taking into consideration the effects of inflation on purchasing
power.

Wage Reduction

Unauthorized deductions made by the employer shall not be deemed a

violation or illegal deduction.

Minimum Wage System in the Philippines

From Php89.00 in 1989, the minimum wage now is Php466.00 (2015).

That’s only P377.00 I more than two and half decades.

Deposit for Loss or Damage

In the event that a private security agency requires a cash deposit from
its employees, the maximum amount shall not exceed the employees’ one
month basic salary.

Criteria for Minimum Wage Fixing

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

As a general rule, a Wage Order can only be issued once a year, which
means that there could only be one wage increase every year.

Wage and Good Labor Relations

Wage affects the quality of labor relationship in an organization.

Among the relevant factors to be considered n fixing the regional minimum

wages are the following:

1. The demand for wages

2. Wage adjustment vis-à-vis the consumer price index
3. The cost of living and changes or increases therein
4. The needs of workers and their families
5. The need to induce industries to invest in the country side
6. Improvements of standards of living
7. The prevailing wage levels
8. Fair return of the capital invested and capacity to pay of employers
9. Effects on employment generation and family income; and
10. The equitable distribution of income and wealth along the
imperatives of economic and social, development

LESSON 6
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False important aspect of every individual.

Directions: On the space provided write YES if the statement is true and NO if
the statement is false.

_____________1. Early man worked for himself and consumed what the
produced.

_____________2. Wage today is an important aspect of every individual.

_____________3. Artisans sell the products produced by their industry was

well as their skill for a price.

_____________4. In ancient time remuneration of workers were the necessities

of life.

_____________5. In economics real wage is income of an individual,

organization, or country, after taking into consideration the effects of oil
hike on purchasing power.

_____________6. Unauthorized deductions made by the employer shall not be

deemed a violation or illegal deduction.

_____________7. The minimum wage workers were only increased Php377.00

in more than two decades.

_____________8. In the event that a private security agency requires a cash

deposit from its employees, the maximum amount shall not exceed the
employees, two months basic salary.

_____________9. As a general rule, a Wage Order can only be issued once a

year, which means that there could only be one wage increase every year.

_____________10. Wage does not actually affect the quality of labor

relationship in an organization.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

10 Relevant factors to be considered in fixing the regional minimum

wages

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________________________

10._________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 7: SEATWORK

Lesson 7
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Hours of Work in the Early Times

The eight-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement, also

known as the short-time movement, had its origins in the Industrial
Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories
transformed working life.

Robert Owen had raised the demand for a ten-hour day in 1810, and
instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark.

Arguments for Shorter Hours of Work

The notion of the four-day work week was introduced in 1950s by

American labor union leader Walter Reuther, but workers or, more
specifically, bosses have been slow to buy in.

When have more free time they spend it on things that are valuable for the
society as a whole. The economist John Maynard Keynes famously predicted
in1930 that in 100 years’ time, technological advances would allow people
to work as few as 15 hours a week.

Here are some reasons we should consider a shorter workweek:

1. It would make people healthier

2. It can help people focus better
3. Healthier employees
4. Culture
5. Other countries have found success working fewer hours

Objections to Shorter Hours of Work

Everyone knows that the most successful individuals don’t actually

work five eight-hour days.

Vagueness of ideal Working Day

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

The rapid changes in the industrial life brought vagueness to what

constitute an ideal working day for both employee and employer on the view
of maximum output and labor welfare.

Overtime

Exceptions when employee may be compelled to render overtime

work:

1. When the country is what war or when any other national or local
emergency has been declared by the National Assembly or the Chief
Executive
2. When overtime work is necessary to prevent loss of life or property in
case of imminent danger to public safety due to actual or impending
emergency in the locality caused by serious accident , fire, floods,
typhoons, earthquake, epidemic or other disasters or calamities
3. When there is urgent work to be performed from machines,
installations or equipment, or in order to avoid serious loss or
damage to the employer or some other causes of similar nature
4. When the completion or continuation of work started before the 18 th
hour is necessary to prevent serious obstruction or prejudice to the
business or operations of the employer and;

5. When the work is necessary to prevent loss or damage to perishable

goods;

Weekly rest Period

Every employers should give his employees a rest period of not less
than 24 consecutive hours after every 6 consecutive normal work days.
Preference of employee as to her rest day should be respected if based on
religious grounds.

Compensation for Rest Day

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

A covered employee who is made or permitted to work on his

scheduled rest say shall be paid with an additional compensation of at least
thirty percent (30%) of his regular wage.

LESSON 7
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

I. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write YUP if the statement is true and
NOPE if the statement is false.

_____________1. The eight-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement,

also known as the short-time movement, had its origins in the Industrial
Revolution in the United States of America.

_____________2. Robert Owen had raised the demand for a ten-hour day in
1810.

_____________3.When people have more free time they spend it on things that
are valuable for the society as a whole.

_____________4.John Maynard Keynes famously predicted in 1930 that in 100

years times, technological advances would allow people to work as few as 25
hours a week.

_____________5. The rapid changes in the industrial life brought vagueness to

what constitute an ideal working day for both employee and employer on the
view of maximum output and labor welfare.

_____________6. Most successful individuals don’t actually work five eight-

hour days.

_____________7. Every employer shall give his employees a rest period of not
less than 24 consecutive hours after every 6 consecutive normal work days.

_____________8. Preference of employee as to his rest day should be

respected if based on religious grounds.

_____________9. The notion of the four-day work week was introduced in the
1950s by American labor union leader Walter Reuther.

_____________10. A covered employee who is made or permitted to work on

his scheduled rest day shall be paid with an additional compensation of at
least twenty percent (30%) of his regular wage.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Five reasons to consider a shorter work week.

1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Five exceptions when employee may be compelled to render overtime

work

1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 8: WORKING CONDITIONS

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Lesson 8

Working Conditions

Employers must provide works with every kind of on-the-job

protection against injury, sickness or death though safe and healthful
working conditions.

Working Areas

Inspection of working areas help prevent injuries and illnesses.

Woking Conditions

Job performance is best when the environment neither under-

stimulates nor over-stimulates the employee. Lighting, the thermal
environment and noise are the key environmental variables to consider.

Color

Appropriate color of lighting is critical to effective task performance.

Thermal Environment

Temperature, humidity and ventilation affect more than employee

comfort.

Noise and Vibration

Workplace noise can negatively affect both task performance and

personal safety.

Facilities for Women

 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Four regulations on facilities for women:

1. Provide seats proper for women and permit them to use such seats
when they are free from work and during working hours, provided they
can perform their duties in this position without detriment to
efficiency
2. To establish separate toilet rooms and lavatories for women and
women and provide at least a dressing room for women
3. To establish a nursery in a workplace for the benefit of the women
employees therein; and
4. To determine appropriate minimum age and other standards for
retirement or termination in special occupations such as those of flight
attendants and the like

Three E’s of Accident Prevention

The Three E’s;

1. Design the safest equipment, environmental settings and protective

devices
2. Educate people regarding the use of the engineering interventions
3. Use discipline to enforce compliance with recommended safe-work
practices.

Safety in the Office

Ergonomics hazards can be difficult to detect.

Medical and Dental Services

Employer shall take steps for the training of a sufficient number of

employees in first-aid treatment.

The Need for a Safe Workplace for All

An employer plays an important role in preventing workplace accidents

and injuries, and promoting safe and healthy workplaces.

LESSON 8
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1

II. True or False

Directions: On the space provided write Rif the statement is true and W if the
statement is false.

_____________1. Employers must provide workers with every kind of on-the-

job protection against injury, sickness or death through safe and
healthful working conditions.

_____________2. Inspections of working areas help prevent injuries and

illness.

_____________3.Job performance is best when the environment neither under

stimulates nor over-stimulates the employee.

_____________4. Lighting, the thermal environment and noise are not key
environmental variables to consider.

_____________5. Temperature humidity and ventilation affect more than

employee comfort.

_____________6. Ergonomics hazards are easy to detect.

_____________7. Workplace noise can negatively affect both ask performance

and personal safety.

_____________8. An employer says an important role in preventing workplace

accidents and injuries, and promoting safe and healthy workplaces.

_____________9. Appropriate color of lighting is critical to effective task

performance.

_____________10. The employer shall take steps for the training of a sufficient
number of employees in first-aid treatment.

II. Enumeration
 Aurora Pioneers Memorial College
(Formerly Cebuano Barracks Institute)
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
________________________________________________________________

Four regulations on facilities for women

1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Three E’s of accident prevention (traditional)

1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________

Three E’s of accident prevention (modern)

1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________