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Structural Dynamics Exam - 2008

This document contains an exam for a structural dynamics module, with two main questions. Question 1 involves analyzing the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom system and using experimental acceleration data to estimate properties of a vibrating water tank system. Question 2 involves dynamic magnification factors, the equation of motion at resonance, mode shape orthogonality, and calculating resonant frequencies and mode shapes for a 3-story rigid frame structure.

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207 views

Structural Dynamics Exam - 2008

This document contains an exam for a structural dynamics module, with two main questions. Question 1 involves analyzing the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom system and using experimental acceleration data to estimate properties of a vibrating water tank system. Question 2 involves dynamic magnification factors, the equation of motion at resonance, mode shape orthogonality, and calculating resonant frequencies and mode shapes for a 3-story rigid frame structure.

Uploaded by

yusufhargey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIV586F: ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS WITH


APPLICATIONS
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS MODULE

CLOSED BOOK EXAM

Internal Examiner: Dr. P. Moyo


External Examiner: Dr. P. Manicon

12 JUNE 2004

TIME ALLOWED 90MINUTES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

50 Marks

Page 1 of 5
QUESTION 1

a) Consider the displacement response of a lightly damped single degree of freedom


system shown in Figure 1. Shown that:
 x 
  ln n   2 [3]
 x n 1 

where  is the damping ratio.

0.1

0.08
xn
0.06
xn+1
(mm)

0.04
Displacement

0.02

-0.02

-0.04

-0.06

-0.08
0 5 10 15
Time
(Seconds)

Figure 1

b) A circular concrete column supports an elevated water tank. The tank is fully fixed to
the column has total mass of 20000kg when it is empty. A free vibration experiment
is conducted on the empty tank by applying a lateral force at the top of the tank and
then suddenly releasing the force. Owing to circumstances beyond the control of the
test engineers, the only data recorded is shown in Figure 2. Assuming that all the
column to be massless estimate (use the data in Figure 2):

i) The damping ratio [2]


ii) Natural frequency of the system [3]
iii) Effective stiffness of the system [3]
iv) Damping coefficient of the system [3]
v) If the tank was full of water, describe the effect this would have on the
dynamic properties of the system. [no calculations required] [2]

Page 2 of 5
0.040

0.030

0.020

0.010
Acceleration (m/s2)

0.000
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00

-0.010

-0.020

-0.030

-0.040
time (seconds)

Figure 2

Page 3 of 5
QUESTION 2

Figure 3 shows is a plot of the steady state dynamic magnification factor versus the
frequency ratio for a single degree of freedom system. The dynamic magnification factor
is given by:

X 1

 f0  (1   2 ) 2  (2 ) 2
 
k 
Show that:

(i) If the frequency ratio is small i.e.   1 then the dynamic response dynamic is the
same as static deformation.
(ii) If the frequency ratio is small i.e.   1 then the dynamic response dynamic is
fo
approximately .
c n

(iii) By considering the equation of motion;

mx  cx  kx  f 0 cos(t )


Show that stiffness and inertia forces cancel at resonance.

a) State briefly what is meant by orthogonality of mode shapes with respect to mass. [3]

b) A two dimensional three storey rigid frame shown in Figure Question 2, is supported
on a rigid foundation by connections which are capable of moment-transfer at the
bases of the columns. The floors and the roof of the structure are relatively heavy
compared to the columns and can be assumed to act as masses of infinite flexural
rigidity. Each floor (and the roof), is free to move laterally. The value of Young’s
modulus for the material is 210kN/mm2, and the relevant second moment of area of

Page 4 of 5
each column at the second and third level is 6x106mm4, and the second moment of
area of each column at the first level is 9x106mm4.

i) Using a method of analysis incorporating an eigensolution and taking the starting


vector as X13 = +1.00, X23 = -8.375 and X33 = +6.863, calculate the third resonant
frequency of the structure and its associated mode shape [use no more than 6
iterations]. [20]

ii) If the second resonant frequency of the structure is 2.07Hz and the associated
displacement mode shape is X12 = +1.00, X22 = -1.002, X32 = -2.115, calculate the
lowest resonant frequency of the structure and the displacement mode shape in this
mode of vibration [use no more than 6 iterations]. [10]

iii) Sketch the first and third mode shapes. [2]

6000kg

2.5m
8000kg

2.5m
27000kg

4m

Figure Question 2

Page 5 of 5

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