"mon g the factors considered in USLE, which is the most difficult

c. CEC, OM (0/o) content, BS,BD anipulate?

d. Plasticity,structur e, consistency"

a. L and S 347.
The exchange of energy in radiant form between the soil and the

"b.
c." "R
K" "atmosphere goes on :
a. Only during daylight hours"
d. C and P b.
Only during night
341. A

to m

342.The stable fraction of the soil organic matter that remains after

decomposition .

a. Carbohydrates

b. Carbon

c. Humus

d. Organic matter

343. The inherent capacity of the soil to provide nutrients to plants in the right
amount and proportion.

a. Nutrient supplying capacity

b. Soil fertility

c. Soil resilience

d. Soil productivity

344.The mechanism of nutrient absorption whereby dissolved nutrients go with the

convective flow of water from the soil to the plant root.

a. Mass flow

b. Conta ct exchange

c. Diffusion

d. Root interception

345. W hich of the following agro-environments would produce the greatest amount of
greenhouse gases?

a. Lowlan d rice land

b. Upland rice land

c. Sugarcane field

d. Corn field

346. Basic properties described in a soil profile.

"a. Color, texture, stoniness, structur e"

"b. Texture, bulk density, consistency"

GreenEMP IRE PH ( lvl11lv.fa cebook.co1nlg reene1npirep }1)

c. Continuously

d. Only during cloudy day

348. Among are the main characteristics of organic fertilizers except

a. low nutrient content

b. application in big volumes

c. high solubility

d. Slow release of nutrients

349. The cation exchange capacity of a soil is a measure of

a. The force of bonding between the soil and exchangeab le cations

b. The negative charge of the soil neutralized by easily replaceable cations

c. The speed with which ions added to the soil solution

become adsorbed on soil particle surfaces

d. Soil acidity and basicity

"350. Among the following, the material with the highest cation- exchange capacity
is"

a. Vermiculite

b. Montmorillonite

c. Organic matter

d. Kaolinite

351. The excreta or manure of African night crawlers is called

a. Vermicast

b. Vermicompost

c. Organic compost
d. African manure

352. The regulatory body in the manufactur e of fertilizer (inorganic and organic)
in the Philippines is

85

a. Bureau of Soils and Water Management

b. National Food Authority

c. Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority

d. Deparbnent of Agriculture

353 .The growth factor that ultimately limits plant growth

a. Biotic factor

b. Genetic factor

c. Edaphic factor

d. Environmental factor

354.The most critical nutrients in the Philippine soils are

a. N and P

b. Na and K

c. Na and Ca

d. Na and Mg

355. Nutrient uptake that requires energy is called

a. Passive

b . Active

c. Inactive

d. Fast

356. The topsoil usually refers to this horizon

a. AB

b. A

c. B

d. R

357.The subsoil usually refers to this horizon

a. AB
b. A

c. B

d. c

358. The government agency in charge of the survey and classification of soils in
the Philippines

a. Bureau of Plant ndustry

b. Bureau of Soils and W ater Management

c. Department of Agriculture

Green EMPIRE PH ( 1v111111f. a cebook.con1/greenen1pireph )

d. Department of Public Works and Highways

359. A group of soils which developed from the same parent material and whose
profile characteristics are the same

a. soil order

b . soil series

c. soil family

d. great group

360. Describes darkness or lightness of a soil color

a. Hue

b . Value

c. Chroma

d. ntensity

361. Si·gn of poor drainage

a. yellowish mottles

b. bluish gray mottles

c. reddish concretion

d. reddish orange mottles

362. Natural soil aggregates

a. Peds

b . Crumbs

c. Clods
d. Pebbles

363. Broadest category of soil taxonomy

a. order

b. great group

c. sub group

d. family

364. Soil formation factor that determines mineralogy and hence the nutrition of
the soil

a. Relief

b. Time

c. Parent Material

d. Climate

86

365. Mathematically described as the negative logarithm of H+ ion

concentration.

a. Dissociation constant

b. pH

c. pH buffer

d. PC02

366. Soil acidity which refers to the H+ ion in the soil solution

a. Buffering capacity

b. Reserve acidity

c. Active acidity

d. Base saturation

367. Soil acidity which include the Al+ 3 and H+ ions adsorbed on the surface of
soil colloids

a. Reserve acidity

b. Active acidity

c. Buffering capacity

d. Base saturation
368. W hat is CaC03 equivalent of 100°/o pure CaO?

a. 100

b . 135

c. 95

d. 179

369. What is the formula of quartz?

a. Si02

"b. KAl(Mg,Fe)3Si301o(OH)2"

c. CaC03

d. CaMg(C03)2

370. This is the property of water that explains how water molecules

interact with each other and explains why water molecules are attracted to
electrostatically charged ions.

a.Ionic bonding

b. Oxygen bonding

c. Covalent bonding

d. Polarity

Green EMP IRE PH (lV lVl-v.fa cebook.co1nlgree11e 1r1pireph )

371. t is referred to as the circuit of water movement from the

atmosphere to the earth and back to the atmosphere.

a. Hydrologic cycle

b. mass flow

c. evaporation

d. Precipitation

372. Soil under its natural occurrence is aggregated and porous.

a. The aggregates are composed of millions of individual partides

b. The pores are occupied by water and air.

c. The pores are inter connected channels to other pores

d. All of the above

373. W hich of the following statement is true?

"a. The solid is composed of soil separates called sand, silt and clay."

b. The solids stick or cluster together to form soil aggregate.

"c. The diameter range of sand is 2.0-0.02 mm, silt is 0.02-"

0.002 mm and clay is less than 0.002 mm.

d. All of the above

374. A method of soil fertility evaluation whereby nutrients are known before a
crop is planted.

a. Soil Test

b. Biological test

c. Plant analysis

d. Nutrient deficiency symptoms

375. t is also referred to as troubleshooting type of plant analysis.

a. Prognostic

b. Diagnostic

c. Monitoring

d. Predictive

376. The most common biological test to evaluate soil fertility.

a. Use of deficiency symptoms

b. Plant analysis

c. Field fertilizer experiment

87

d. Soil chemical analysis

377. Materials which are natural or synthetic in origin w hich when added to the
soil can supply nutrients to the growing plants.

a. Fertilizers

b. Humus

c. Minerals

d. Organic manure
378. An 18-46-0 fertilizer material contains:

a. 18°/o N and 46°/o P

b. 18°/o N and 46°/o K

c. 18°/o N and 46°/o K20 d. 18°/o N and 46°/o P205

379. The guaranteed minimum amount of nutrients in a fertilizer

material is referred to as

a. Fertilizer mixtur e

b. Fertilizer recommendation

c. Fertilizer formula

d. Fertilizer grade

380. The most preferred form of nitrogen fertilizer since energy can be saved in
protein synthesis.

a. Ammonium nitrate

b. Complete fertilizer

c. Ammonium sulfate

d. Urea

381. Comp lete fertilizers normally supply the following combination of nutrients

a. NP only

b. NPK

c. All the 16 essential elements

d. NPKS

"382. t is considered one of the ""lime nutrients"""

a. Calcium

b. Phosphorus

c. Potassium

Green EMP IRE PH ( 1-v11vlv.fa cebook.corn/greene1np;reph )

d. Sulfur

383. A compound excreted by plant roots during the process of respiration which is
one of the causes of soil acidity

a. Carbonic acid
b . Hydrogen

c. Carbon dioxide

d. Oxygen

384. The localized fertilizer placement wherein fertilizers are applied along the
furrows prior to seeding or as strips on one or both sides of the row about 5 cm
away and below the seeds.

a. Banding

b . Basal

c. Sidedressing

d. Topdressing

385. t is an inorganic fertilizer material which is also a source of sulfur.

a. Ammonium phosphate

b . Gypsum

c. Muriate of potash

d. Urea

386. High-pH soil which has relatively low soluble salts but high in exchangeable
sodium.

a. Acidic

b. Saline

c. Saline-sodic

d. Sodic

387. The most important step in soil chemical test.

a. Soil sampling

b. Sample drying

c. Reagent preparation

d. Sieving

388. A method of fertilizer application mostly adapted for orchard and ornamental
trees.

a. Foliar

88

b. Mudball
c. Seed pelleting

d. Trench or perforation

"389. The process of the N transformation in anaerobic paddy soils whereby N is

lost as gaseous N2, NO and N20."

a. Denitrification

b . mmobilization

c. Nitrification

d. Ammonium fixation

390. Nutrient antagonism means that reduced availability or absorption of a

nutrient occurs _ _.

a. When another nutrient is deficient

b . When another nutrient is in equal amounts

c. Wh en another nutrient is excessive

d. All of the above

"391. Under strongly acid soil conditions, Phosphorus is usually complexed into
unavailable form as"

a. Tricalcium phosphate

b. Al and Fe hydroxyphosphate

c. Zn phosphate

d. All of the above

392. Which among the following cation has the lowest relative flocculating power?

a. Na+

b . K+

c. Mg2+

d. Ca2+

393 . W hich of this C/ N ratio of organic materials will transform organic N and
inorganic N?

a. 40/1 ratio

b. 22/1 ratio

c. 60/1 ratio

d. 5/1 ratio
394. Major product of the biological transformation of Nitrosomonas

GreenEMP IRE PH (1v1vl-v.facebook.co1n/greene111p ;rep h)

a. Nitr ate + Hydr ogen + energy

b . Nitrite + Sulfur + energy

c. Nitrite + Hydrogen + energy

d. Nitrate + Sulfur + energy

"395. A soil has a cation capacity of 10 me/100 g and the following compliment of
exch angeable cations, the amount being expr essed in me per OOg of soil: H = 3.0;
Ca = 2.0; Al = 3.0; Mg = 1.0; Na"

= 0.25; and K = 0.75. The percent base saturation of this soil is:

a. 10

b . 40

c. 70

d. so

396. n slightly acid soils such as in those with pH betw een 6.0 and

"7.0,the two most abundant cations will probably be"

a. H and Al

b . K and Na

c. Ca and Mg

d. Fe and Mn

397. An illuvial horizon in a soil is designed by the symbol

a. Al

b . A2

c. B2

d. 02

398. This agro-industr ial waste is the most plentiful solid waste produced after
extracting juice from sugarcane stalks and has potential to be a fertilizer
material

a. mudpress

b. filter cake
c. bagasse

d. distillery slop

399. The removal of excess water from a waterlogged soil depends on the

a. difference in soil solution

b. force of gravity

89

c. Atmospheric pressure

d. Temperature

"400 .The CEC of the soil is 20 me/100g. f it has 8 me/ 100g H and the remaining
cations are bases, what is the 0/o BS?"

a. 80

b. 40

c. 60

d. so

401. W hich soil property is not influenced by OM?

a. Bulk density

b. Texture

c. Structure

d. Color

402. Which is the seat of chemical activities in the soil?

a. Sand

b. Salt

c. Colloid

d. Clay

403 . W hich has the highest pH dependent negative charges?

a. Organic matter

b. Illite

c. Montmor illonite

d. Kaolinite

404 .The dominant basic cation in agricultural soil is

a. Na

b. K

c. Mg

d. Ca

405.A form of fertilizer that is applied through the leaves

a. Commercial fertilizer

b. Foliar fertilizer

c. Organic fertilizer

d. norganic fertilizer

406. A fertilizer material that is effective in restoring fertility of N and

S deficient soils

a. Urea

b . Ammon ium phosphate

c. Ammoni um sulfate

d. Ammon ium chloride

407. W hich is not considered feldspar?

a. orthoclase

b . albite

c. apatite

d. plagioclase

408. Wh at are the natural resources of plant nutrients?

a. Organic matter

b . Mineral matter

c. Air and water

d. All of the above

409. Wh at is the form of nutrients in the soil that is absorbed by the plants?

a. Solid

b. Liquid
c. Ionic

d. on pair

410. W hat are the nutrients that cause euthrophication?

a. Phosphates and nitrates

b . Phosphates and calcium

c. Phosphates and magnesium

d. Phosphates and aluminum

411. Results in the loss or removal of electrons from an ion or compound

a. Reduction

b. Oxidation

c. Hydrolysis

d. Hydration

Green EMP IRE PH ( 1vH1iv.fa cebook.co1nlg reene1npirepl1)

90

412. This macroelement is a component of protein and chlorophyll

and is most limiting element in crop production except for legumes

a. Nitr ogen

b. Phosphorus

c. Potassium

d. Calcium

413. The relative ease by which a nutrient is supplied by the soil

a. Soil productivity

b. Soil fertility

c. Nutrient availability

d.Intensity factor

414. This macroelement is a metal component of ch lorophyll and is deficient in

acid upland soil

a. Nitrogen

b. Calcium
c. Copper

d. Magnesium

"415. W hen nutrients are immobile, deficiency shows up first in which part of the
plant?"

a. Stems

b. oldest leaves

c. youngest leaves

d. senescent leaves

416. The fertilizer w ith the higher percent N

a. Ammonium sulfate

b. Anhydrous ammonia

c. Urea

d. Ammonium nrtrate

417. Th

soil

d. Papase

418. The weak acid form upon hydrolysis and subsequent reaction of urea in soils is

a. Acetic acid

b . Carbonic acid

c. Uric acid

d. Silicic acid

"419. The percent N, P205, and K20 in a fertilizer is __"

a. Fertilizer ratio

b. Fertilizer grade

c. Fertilizer recommendation

d. Fertilizer brand

420 . A single-element or str aight fertilizer :

a. Comp lete fertilizer ( 14-14-14)

b . Ammonium Phosphate

c. Urea
d. All of the above

421. The fertilizer nutrients that are generally applied all at planting (basal).

a. N & P

b. P & K

c. N & K

d. P & Ca

422. Enzyme in nitrogen transformation in legumes:

a. Nitrogenase

b. Dehydrogenase

c. Decarboxylase

d. Anhydrase

423. This ratio determines mineralization rate of organic matter.

is enzyme is needed to transform urea to (NH4)2C03 in the

a. N/S

.
b . C/ N

"a.
b." "Carboxylase
Anhydrase" "c.
d." "P/ N
N/K"
c. Urease

424. This is an acid forming reaction of NH4 +

GreenEMP IRE PH ( 1-v11vlv.fa cebook.corn/greene1np ireph )

9 1

a. Nitrification

b. Denitrification

c. Ammonification

d. Mineralization

425. Most micronutrients become less available at

a. decreasing pH

b . ncreasing pH
c. Neutral pH

d. Str ongly acid pH

426. These are the organisms actively and directly involved in the decomposition
of organic matter.

a. bacteria

b . actinomycetes

c. fungi

d. all of the above

427 . Deficiency of these elements causes chlorosis.

a. N & Ca

b. P & Ca

c. N & S

d. Fe & Cl

428 .The suitab le fertilizer for an alkaline N deficient soils

a. Anhydrous NH3

b. Ammonium sulfate

c. Urea

d. Calcium nitr ate

429. The soil is best cultivated when the consistency is:

a. Dry

b. Moist

c. Wet

d. Very wet

e. Fluid

430. Type of structure with the fastest rate of water infiltration

a. Platy

b. Block-like

GreenEMP IRE PH (1v1vl-v.facebook.co1n/greene111p;reph )

c. Prism-like

d. Columnar
431. Loss of nutrient with percolating water

a. Infiltr ation

b . Percolation

c. Leaching

d. Capillarity

432. The combined loss of water from the surface of the soil and plant leaves

a. Evaporation

b . Evapotranspiration

c. Respiration

d. Transpiration

433 . The total porosity is highest in

a. Coarse textured soils

b . Rock soils

c. Fine textured soils

d. Paddy soils

434. The form of water that moves from the water table upwards

a. Capillarity water

b . Hygroscopic water

c. Superfluous water

d. W ater field capacity

435. Soil density and porosities are affected by soil texture and soil structure.
Which of the following statement is true?

a. Porosity increases with increasing bulk density

b. Soil compaction increases bulk density

c. Soil aggregation increases bulk density

d. Density is equal to soil porosity

436. Pore-size distribution affects movement and retention of water and air in the
soil. W hich of the following statement is true?

a. Macropores retains water

b. Micropores are important in root respiration

c. Micropores are more important than macropores

92

d. None of the above

437. Pore-size distribution affects movement and retention of water and air in the
soil. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Micropores are for water retention.

b. Macropores are important in drainage and root respiration

c. Macropor es and micropores are equally important to root growth

d. All of the above

438. Bulk density is a good indicator of soil degradation.

a. Land preparation using tractor results to low bulk density

b. Bulk density does not change w ith poor soil cultivation practices

c.Increasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical

condition

d. Decreasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical condition

439 .Type of soil structure that is best for growing upland crops

a. Massive

b. Granular or crumb

c. Platy

d. Single-grain

440 .The reverse of oxidation and involves the gain of electr ons

a. Reduction

b. Oxidation

c. Hydration

d. Hydrolysis

441.The moisture content of an air dry soil is known as

a. Saturation Point
b. Permanent writing

c. Field Capacity

d. Hygroscopic coefficient

442. The movement of water in the soil is always from:

a. Higher to lower soil moisture content

b. Higher to lower total potential energy

Green EMPIRE PH ( 1-v11vlv.f acebook.corn/greene1np;rep h)

c. Lower to higher soil moisture tension

d. All of the above

443. One of the following is an organic source of nitrogen.

a. Ammonium nitrate

b. Ammonium phosphate

c. Ammonium sulfate

d. Azolla

"444. Under upland condition, this is the most preferred source of N because it
leaves less acidity."

a. Ammonium nitrate

b. Ammonium sulfate

c. Potassium nitrate

d. Urea

445. A meth od of fertilizer application whereby the materials are dissolved in

water and applied as sprays to the foliage of the plant.

a. Foliar

b. Topdressing

c. Seed pelleting

d. Trench/ perforation

446. This phosphate fertilizer is manufacture by the reaction of apatite with

sulfuric acid and water.

a. Ammonium phosphate

b. Complete fertilizer

c. Ordinary superphosphate
d. Triple superphosphate

447. A phosphate fertilizer manufactured by reacting the superphosphate with

ammonia.

a. Ammonium phosphate

b. Complete fertilizer

c. Ordinary superphosphate

d. Triple superphosphate

448. The form of soil potassium fixed within clay minerals such as illite and
vermiculite.

93

a. Slowly available

b. Mineral K

c. Readily available

d. Relatively unavailable

449. One of the materials below is not a source of calcium.

a. Epsom salt

b. Calcite

c. Dolomite

d. Gypsum

450 .This is one of the most common sources of magnesium.

a. Calcite

b. Epsom salt

c. Gypsum

d. Pyrite

451.The form of potassium that is present in the soil solution.

a. Mineral K

b. Relatively unavailable

c. Readily available

d. Slowly available

452 .At same level of OM which will have the highest water holding capacity?
a. Loamy sand

b. Clay loam

c. Clay

d. Sandy loam

453 .The capability of the soil being molded by hands is

a. Stickiness

b. Tilth

c. Plasticity

d. Cracking

454 .A soil chemical property which largely controls nutrient availability and
microbial activities

a. buffering capacity

b. cation exchange capacity

Green EMP IRE PH ( 1-v11vlv.fa cebook.corn/greene1np;reph )

c. soil pH

d. electrical conductivity

455. ndicates excessive level of nutrient in the plant or soil

a. Sufficiency

b. Toxicity

c. Deficiency

d. Poverty adjustment

456. The most appropriate soil management which increases availability of adsorbed
P in acid upland soil

a. fertilizer application

b. prolonged anaerobic conditions

c. organic matter application

d. liming

457. A term that indicates low level of nutrient elements in plant or soil

a. Sufficiency

b. Toxicity
c. Deficiency

d. Poverty adjustment

458. The essential element that functions as a constituent of energy transfer

metabolites

a. Potassium

b. Phosphorus

c. Sulfur

d. Magnesium

459. Which of the following is not an essential element to plants?

a. Carbon

b. Hydrogen

c. Molybdenum

d. Vanadium

460. These elements are micronutrients and are required by plants in small amounts

"a. N, P and K"

"b. Cu, Mn and S"

94

"c. Cu, Mg and S"

"d. Zn, Co and Mn"

461. Essential elements derived from air and water

"a. C,0,and H"

"b. C,H and S"

"c. N, C and H"

"d. N, C and S"

462. Which of these elements is available to plants in anionic form?

a. Ca

b . Mg

c. p

d. Fe
463 . The micronutrient involved in the translocation of sugar in plant

a. Copp er

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Boron

464. The process that renders P available to plants

a. Fixation

b. Nitrification

c. Solubilization

d. Ammoni fication

465. A physical effect of lime

a.Increase the cation exchange capacity

b . ncrease decomposition of organic matter

c.Increase w ater holding capacity of soil

d. ncrease P availability

466. A term for the initial application of fertilizer for crops

a. basal application

b . top dressing

c. side dressing

d. band application

467. An example of a liming material

a. Ca(OH)2

GreenEMP IRE PH (1v1vl-v.fa cebook.co1n/greene111p ;rep h)

b . Ca504

c. MgCl2

d. MgS04

468. The amount of lime to be applied to the soil in order to increase its pH

a. Fertilizer recommendation
b . Analysis grade

c. Lime requirement

d. Relative neutralizing power

469. t is a mixtur e of animal excreta and soiled beddings that accumulates in

stables or barns

a. Compost

b . Green manure

c. Farm manure

d. Poultry manure

470. The soil's inherent susceptibility to erosion which is influenced by

infiltration capacity and structural stability

a. Rainfall erosivity

b . Soil erodibility

c. Rainfall intensity

d. Rainfall duration

71. Which of these elements is available to plants in cationic form?

a. Potassium

b . Sulfur

c. Chlorine

d. Molybdenum

472. Soil loss through erosion can be calculated by the

a. Mitscherlich's equation

b . Universal soil loss equation

c. Einstein's relativity equation

d. Trigon ometric equation

473. Which statement is true for Fungi?

a. Fungi are less numerous than bacteria

95

b. Fungi build up large biomass in the soil because of their

filament networks
c. Fungi can survive even at extr eme pH conditions

d. all of the above

474 . Medium silts refer to --

a. Fine silts soils

c. Percolation

d. Capillarity

480. W hich is a consequence of applying immature compost such as fresh chicken

manure into the soil?

a. rapid reduction reactions in paddy soils due to the rapid

oxygen consumption of microorganism

b. Coarse silty soils

b.

c. Loamy silty soils

c.

d. None of the above.

d.

"""suffocation"" disease in upland crops"

killing of seedlings due to rapid oxygen depletion all of the above

475 . Soil particles larger than 2 mm in size.

a. Sand

b. Rockiness

c. Stones

d. Gravelly

476 . Refer s to the abundance of stone.

a. Stoniness

b. Outcrop

c. Rockiness

d. Gravelly

477 . Stone shape is determines by these properties:

a. Abundance

"b. roundness, sphericity"

c. Angle

d. Orientation

478 . Which belongs to the most soluble components of organic matter?

a. sugars

b. starches

c. simples proteins

d. all of the above

479 . El Nino phenomenon causes drought. The source of water for plant roots is
supplied by

a.Infiltr ation

b. Leaching

481. White coloration in soils indicate the predominance of

a. Organic matter

b. Salts

c. Iron oxides

d. Reduce iron

"482. Mechanisms of addition, losses, translocation, and transformation permit this

process to proceed"

a. crystallization

b. melting

c. horizon differ entiation

d. recementation

483. Black color indicates the predominance of

a. Organic matter

b. Salts

c. Iron oxides

d. Manganese

484. Dots of different colors found in the soil are called

a. Mottles

b. Color
c. Tints

d. Polka

485. The hydrometer and pipette method of mechanical analysis follow this Law

a. Dick's Law

b. Freundlick's Law

Green EMP IRE PH ( l vH1iv.fa cebook.co1nlg ree11e1npireph )

96

"c. Stoke's Law

d. Dalton's Law"
492. "d. Prismatic
Sticky when wet is a characteristic of"
"486 .The pore spaces meant to retain moisture are
a. Macropores"
"a. Loam
b. Clay"
b. Maxipores
c. Silt
c. Micropor es
d. Rock
d. Mesopores
493. Grittiness is a characteristic of
487. A soil condition when fine particles clog the pore spaces which
a.
Clay
may not allow seed emergence and even prevents infiltration
b. Silt
a. Porosity
c. Sand
b. Puddling
d. Loam
c. Crusting

d. Compaction

488. The pore spaces meant to drain excess moistur e

a. Macropores

b. Micropores

c. Mesopores

d. Endopores

489 . Movement of heat in the soil is called

a. Conduction

b. Consistence

c. Capillarity
d.Insulation

490 . Bulk density is more meaningful to practical agricultur e than

particle density

a. Bulk density indicates the physical condition of the soil

b. Bulk density indicates the porosity and drainage condition of the soil

c. Bulk density indicates the biological condition of the soil

d. Bulk density indicates the dryness of the soil 491.This is not a soil structure

a. Crumb

b. Platy

c. Loam

GreenEMP IRE PH ( 1-v11vlv.fa cebook.corn/greene1np;reph )

494. Poorly drained condition is a characteristic of

a. Crumb structure

b. Platy structure

c. Prismatic stru cture

d. Single grained

495. The pH of the soil at which the soil colloids possess no net charge.

a. Neutrality

b. Alkaline

c. Acidic

d. Zero point of charge

496. Alkali soils with pH of less than 8.5 and an electrical conductivity greater
than or equal to 4 mmhos/ cm.

a. Alkaline

b. Saline

c. Saline-sodic

d. Sadie

497. The only group of soil organisms which can thrive at any soil pH range.
a. Actinomycetes

b. Azotobacter

c. Bacteria

d. Fungi

97

498 .The first redox reaction to occur upon submergence of an

aerated soil.

a. Disappear ance of oxygen

b. Disapp earance of carbon dioxide

c. Disappear ance of nitrate

d. Formation of methane

499. This macronutrient is a part of the middle lamella and is deficient in acid
upland soil.

a. Nitrogen

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Magnesium

"500. Movement of inorganic and organic materials from one horizon to

another,either up or down"

a. Addition

b. Removal

c. Translocation

d. Transformation

"501.They are soft, unconsolidated deposits of calciuf11 carbonate."

a. Calcium carbonate

b. Calcium oxide

c. Marl or marlstone

d. Slag

502.The major group of soil microorganisms where molds and mushrooms belong
a. Algae

b. Fungi

c. Actinomycetes

d. Bacteria

503 . Leaves and stems accumulate in the forest. Remnants of annual and perennial
grasses are trampled in a pastureland. These illustrate how the kind and amount of
organic materials

decomposed can affect soil formation . Which soil formation factor is being
described here?

GreenEMP IRE PH ( 1-v11vlv.fa cebook.corn/greene1np ireph )

a. Climate

b. Parent material

c. Living organisms

d. Temperature

"504. n soil genesis, what is considered to be the starting point of the soil
formation at time zero?"

a. master horizons

b. Bedrock

c. Parent material

d. magma

505. The most dominant soil microorganisms in the organic layer of forest soils.

a. Algae

b. Actinomycetes

c. Bacteria

d. Fungi

"506. Soil conditions which can reduce the ferric to ferrous, hence, making the
iron-phosphate complex more soluble"

a. Continuous tillage

b. Prolonged anaerobic conditions

c. Organic matter application

d. Liming

507. t is a wet oxidation method of determining the organic matter content of

soils.

a. Combustion

b. Micro-Kjeldahl method

c. Titration

d. Walkey-Black method

508. Organic compounds which range in complexity from simple sugars and starches to
cellulose.

a. Fats and waxes

b. Lignins

c. Carbohydrates

d. Proteins

98

509. The process by which one plant infuses the soil with a chemical

that affects the growth of other plants.

a. Allelopathy

b. Production of antibiotics

c. Productivity of hormones

d. Synergistic effects

510. f a ring without crack is formed in the roll method of determining texture;
the texture is most likely

a. Sandy loam

b. Loamy sand

c. Clay

d. Clay loam

511. W hich among this mineral does not contribute any soil nutrient?

a. Quartz

b. Talc

c. Apatite

d. Calcite

"512.Aside from carbon and hydrogen, the other macroelement constituent of organic
compound in the plant is"

a. Oxygen

b. Nitrogen

c. Potassium

d. Calcium

"513. This horizon is seldom reached by the plant roots, and is little affected by
soil forming factors because it is outside the zone of soil development."

a. C horizon

b. B horizon

c. AB horizon

d. B horizon

"514. nvolved in energy storage in the plant and is a constituent of

phospholipids, nucleopr oteins, and is deficient in acid upland soil."

a. Nitrogen

b. Phosphorus

GreenEMP IRE PH (1v1vw.facebook.co1n/greene111p;reph )

c. Potassium

d. Calcium

515. This micronutrient is needed in nitrogen fixation by leguminous plant and is

usually deficient in acid upland soil.

a. Zinc

b. Molybdenum

c. Iron

d. Manganese

"516. n a very extremely acidic soil, these elements are toxic to plants except"

a. Aluminum

b. Calcium

c. Iron

d. Manganese

517. W hich of the following elements is not essential to plant growth?

a. Nitrogen

b. Molybdenum

c. Copper

d. Aluminum

518. t is not a function of organic matter in the soil.

a. Increase CEC

b. Provides carbon and energy source to soil organisms

c. Provides essential nutrients

d. Provides soil air

519. The soil enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch

a. Amylase

b. Lipase

c. Cellulase

d. Catalase

"520. The sum of all tillage operations, cropping practices, fertilizer, lime and
other treatments conducted on, or applied to a soil for the production of plants."

a. Soil fertility

b. Soil management

99

c. Soil nutrition

d. Soil productivity

521.The trade name of potassium chloride fertilizer.

a. Ammophos

b. Muriate of potash

c. Solophos

d. Sulfate of potash

"522. An organic fertilizer material which had been enriched w ith microbial
inoculants,hormones, and/ or chemical additives to increase its nutr ient content."

a. Activated organic fertilizer

b. Fortified organ ic fertilizer

c.Impure organic fertilizer

d. Pure organic fertilizer

523 .The process by which nutritional problems are diagnosed and fertilizer
recommendations are made

a. Soil fertility evaluation

b. Soil productivity evaluation

c. Soil sampling

d. Soil testing

524. t is an indicator of biological activity in the soil.

a. Soil structure

b. Soil respiration

c. Soil fertility

d. Soil oxidation

525. t belongs to 2:1silicate clay minerals.

a. Dickite

b. Halloysite

c. Kaolinite

d. Montmorillonite

526. The mineral nutrient needed by the plant in the smallest amount.

a. Copp er

b. Molybdenum

c. Zinc

Green EMP IRE PH ( 1-1111vlv.fa cebook.corn/greene1np;reph )

d. ron

527. nvolves the accumulations of organic matter in the upper layers of the soil.

a. Podzolisation

b . Calcification

c. Laterization
d. Gleization

528. The most common iron oxide in soil.

a. Gibbsite

b. Hematite

c. Goethite

d. Lepidocrocite

529. The most important aluminum oxide in soils.

a. Gibbsite

b. Hematite

c. Goethite

d. Lepidocrocite

530. The most resistant component of plant materials to decomposition.

a. Cellulose b. Lignin

c. Starch

d. Sugars

531. t is a soil chemical condition that is common in dry regions.

a. Soil acidity

b. Soil alkalinity

c. Soil salinity

d. All of the above

532. The weight of 1me Ca is ___

a. 0.002 g

b . 0.02 g

c. 0.2 g

d. 2 g

100

533. W hich among the following cations has the weakest attraction to

the clay?
a. Calcium

b. Aluminum c. Potassium

d. Sodium

534. W hich among the following cation s has the str ongest attraction to the clay?

a. Calcium

b. Aluminum

c. Potassium

d. Sodium

535. t is the most important soil animal

a. Termite

b. Earthworm

c. Snails

d. Ants

536. The theory of mineral nutrients was formu lated by

a. Theophrastus

b. Liebig

c. Berzelius

d. Davy

537. Accumulation on the mineral soil surface of organic litter and associated
humus to a depth of less than 30 cm

a. Secondary minerals

b. Primary minerals

c. Mineral matter

d. Organic matter

540 . Organic matter decomposition is an example of

a. Transformation

b. Translocation

c. Addition

d. Losses
541. He introduced the factors of soil formation

a. Jenny

b. Hilgard

c. Fallou

d. Dokuchaev

542. The geologic or organic precursor of the soil.

a. Pedogenic material

b. Organic material

c. Parent material

d. None of the above

543. The parent material that has been deposited by gr

a. Alluvial

b. Colluvial

c. Marine

d. Lacustrine

a. Leaching

544. The collective term given to accumulated plant det

b. Erosion

c.Illuviation

d. Littering

538. The percentage of mineral matter in the soil.

a. 5°/o

b . 25°/o c. 45°/o d. 35°/o

539. The sand fraction is composed mainly of

"Green EMP IRE PH ( ""v 1v1'vface book.co1nlgreene1np;reph )"

a. Fibric

b. Muck

c. Peat

d. Humus

545. The configuration of the island surface

a. Slope

b. Elevation

c. Topography

d. Landscape