INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

1. Một số động từ thông dụng theo sau là “to-infinitive”:

 afford (có đủkhảnăng) I can’t afford to buy the car.
 agree (đồng ý) He agreed to pay the cost.
 aim (nhằm mục đích) They aim to increase income tax by 20%.
 appear (dường như) The police appeared not to know the accident.
 arrange (sắp xếp) We arranged to meet him tomorrow morning.
 ask (yêu cầu) The customer asked to see the manager.
 attempt (cốgắng) We will attempt to send it to you at once.
 beg (van xin) He begged to be told the truth.
 choose (lựa chọn) We choose to stay at a cheap hotel.
 claim (tuyên bố) I don’t claim to be an expert in Internet.
 decide (quyết định) He decided to see her this afternoon.
 demand (đòi hỏi) I demanded to read the document first.
 fail (thất bại) Mary failed to pass her final examination.
 hesitate (do dự) Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have trouble.
 hope (hi vọng) We hope to finish the project this month.
 intend (dự định) They intend to take immediate action.
 manage (xoay xở) We managed to cross the river before dark.
 offer (đểnghị) John offered to do the washing-up.
 plan (có kếhoạch) They planned to build a new airport.
 prepare (chuẩn bị) We are preparing to make a plan for the trip.
 pretend (giảvờ) The soldiers pretended to withdraw.
 promise (hứa) My parents promised to send me some money.
 refuse (từchối) The director refused to offer him the job.
 seek (cốtìm cách) They sought to bring the conflict to an end.
 seem (dường như) The ship seemed to be sinking.
 struggle (tranh đấu) She struggled to achieve success as an actress.
 tend (có xu hướng) Many people tend to spend less nowadays.
 threaten (đe doạ) The terrorists threatened to kill the hostage.
 volunteer (tình nguyện) The young man volunteered to help us.
 want (muốn) Does anyone want to say something?
 wait (chờ đợi) We are waiting to go.
 wish (mong ước) We all wish to live a longer life.
2. Một số động từ thông dụng theo sau là “gerund”:
 admit (thừa nhận) The man admitted having stolen the car.
 advise (khuyên) I’d advise buying your tickets well in advance.
 allow (cho phép) We never allow smoking in this office.
 appreciate (trân trọng) I don’t appreciate being treated like that.
 avoid (tránh) She avoided meeting him again.
 can’t help (không tránh khỏi) When I see him, I can’t help laughing
 can’t stand I can’t stand working with him.
 (không chịu đựng được)
 consider (xem xét) John has considered going to America.
 delay (hoãn) We delay paying the rent until next week.
 deny (từchối) The boy denied having stolen the bag.
 discuss (thảo luận) We’ll discuss building a new school.
 enjoy (thích) We enjoy walking together on the beach.
 fancy (mong ước) Do you fancy going out somewhere?
 finish (hoàn thành) Linda finished writing the annual report.
 give up (từbỏ) Pete gained weight when he gave up smoking.
 imagine (tưởng tượng) She imagined living in a beautiful villa.
 involve (bao gồm) The test involves answering questions.
 keep (on) (tiếp lục) We kept (on) walking for hours on the beach.
  mind (để ỷ) I don’t mind walking if it’s fine.
 miss (bỏlỡ) The goalkeeper missed stopping the ball.
 postpone (hoãn) The company postponed signing the contract.
 practise (luyện tập) She practiced playing the piano two hours a day.
 prohibit (cấm) The policy prohibits smoking in public places.
 quit (chấm dứt) The doctor advised him to quit smoking.
 recall (nhớlại) I can’t recall meeting her before.
 recommend (đểnghị) We recommend checking the report carefully.
 report (báo cáo) The neighbor reported seeing him doing that.
 resist (chổng lại) The Parliament resisted increasing income tax.
 resent (bực tức) He resents being treated like a child.
 resume (tiếp tục) He resumed reading after a while.
 suggest (đê nghị) They suggested going by train.
 tolerate (chịu đựng) She refused to tolerate being called a liar.
3. Động từ được theo sau bởi infinitivehoặc gerund.
a. Infinitive/Gerund không làm thay đổi nghĩa.
 Các động từnhư: begin(bắt đầu), start (bắt đầu), bother (bận tâm), continue(tiếp tục), propose
(đềnghị) + infinitive/gerund mà ý nghĩa không thay đổi.
Ví dụ: I started to work/ working there five years ago.
Chú ý:Khi các động từ này ở thì tiếp diễn thì bắt buộc dùng infinitive.
Ví dụ: It was starting to rain.
b. Infinitive/Gerund làm thay đổi nghĩa.
REMEMBER/FORGET
 remember/forget to do something: diễn tả một việc cần phải làm
 remember/forget doing something: diễn tả một sự việc trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: Remember to turn off the lights before going out.
I always remember meeting you for the first time.
REGRET
 regret to do something: dùng để thông báo một tin xấu
 regret doing something: hối tiếc về một sự việc trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: We regret to tell you that you have failed the test.
I regret going to that party. It was so boring.
TRY/ATTEMPT
 try/attempt to do something: cố gắng làm điều gì đó
 try/attempt doing something: thử làm điều gì đó
Ví dụ: I tried to open the door but I couldn’t.
Why don’t you try using another key?
STOP
 stop to do something: dừng để làm việc khác
 stop doing something: dừng một việc đang làm
Ví dụ: I stopped to do my homework.
The doctor said I should stop smoking.
GO ON
 go on to do something: tiếp tục làm một việc khác
 go on doing something: tiếp tục việc đang làm
Ví dụ: After receiving the test paper, they went on to do it.
They went on knocking at the door after a short pause.
MEAN
 mean to do something: có ý định
 mean doing something: có nghĩa là, liên quan đến
Ví dụ: She means to work for that company.
I need the report tomorrow. It means staying up Idle tonight to finish it.
NEED/WANT
 need/want to do something: diễn tả ý chủ động
 need/want doing something: diễn tả ý bị động
Ví dụ: I need to cut my hair.
 My hair needs cutting.
LIKE/LOVE/HATE
 like/love/hate to do something: diễn tảmột điều thích làm/ghét làm trong trường hợp cụ thể
 like/love/hate doing something: diễn tảmột sởthích chung
Ví dụ: I like fishing in this weather.
I like going/to go fishing.
- Động từ chỉ giác quan (verbs of perception).
 Các động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice...
 Động từ chỉ giác quan + Verb-ing: khi nhận biết thì hành động đang diễn tiến chưa hoàn tất.
 Động từ chỉ giác quan + bare infinitive: khi nhận biết thì hành động đã hoàn tất.
Ví dụ: They saw the man running away. (They still saw him.)
They saw the man run away. (They couldn’t see him, but he had escaped.)
4. Một số động từthông dụng theo sau bỏi tân ngữ và “to-infinitive”:
S + V +O + TO INFINITIVE
 Advise (khuyên) They advised me to go to the doctor,
 Allow (cho phép) John allowed me to use his motorbike,
 ask (yêu cầu) I asked him to post the letter this morning.
 beg (cầu xin) He begged her to come and stay with him.
 cause (gây ra) Inflation caused prices to rise sharply.
 challenge (thách thức) He challenged me to swim across the river.
 convince (thuyết phục) They convinced him to give up the project.
 dare (thách đố) He dared me to do better than he had done.
 encourage (khuyến khích) My father encouraged me to study better.
 expect (mong đợi) We expect you to come on time.
 forbid (cấm đoán) They forbid him to leave.
 force (ép buộc) The investigator forced him to speak the truth.
 hire (thuê mướn) The owner hired her to clean the toilets.
 instruct (chỉdẫn) We instructed him to keep the door locked.
 invite (mời) We’d like to invite you to attend the meeting.
 need (cần) We need you to help us.
 order (ra lệnh) The judge ordered the man to pay a fine.
 permit (cho phép) They permitted the workers to leave early.
 persuade (thuyết phục) I persuade her to come and see me.
 remind (nhắc) Mother reminded me to turn off the lights.
 require (đòi hỏi) The director required her to submit her report.
 teach (dạy bảo) He taught me to dance.
 tell (bảo) We told him to sit down and wait.
 urge (thủc giục) I urged him to apply for a job.
 want (muốn) We all want you to be happy.
 warn (cảnh báo) I warned him not to drink so much.
5. Một số động từtheo sau bi tân ngữ và “bare infinitive”: S + V +O + BARE- INFINITIVE
 Make (bảo, buộc) The secretary made me fill in the form.
 let (để cho) The mother let her children play in the yard.
 Have (nhờ, sai bảo) I had the maid clean up my room.