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Dna Replication: Section A

The document discusses several topics related to DNA replication and cell division: 1) Prokaryotes only contain ribosomes as organelles and lack membrane-bound organelles. The lagging strand of DNA replication is replicated discontinuously in short sections that are later joined together. 2) DNA replication begins at an origin site and involves initiation, elongation, and termination steps. 3) The three main parts of interphase are G1 phase for growth, S phase for DNA synthesis doubling DNA, and G2 phase for further growth before cell division. The cell spends most of its lifecycle in interphase. 4) Meiosis involves two stages - Meiosis I and II, with one

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Gourav Sharma
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25 views

Dna Replication: Section A

The document discusses several topics related to DNA replication and cell division: 1) Prokaryotes only contain ribosomes as organelles and lack membrane-bound organelles. The lagging strand of DNA replication is replicated discontinuously in short sections that are later joined together. 2) DNA replication begins at an origin site and involves initiation, elongation, and termination steps. 3) The three main parts of interphase are G1 phase for growth, S phase for DNA synthesis doubling DNA, and G2 phase for further growth before cell division. The cell spends most of its lifecycle in interphase. 4) Meiosis involves two stages - Meiosis I and II, with one

Uploaded by

Gourav Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section A

Q1a. The only organelle found in prokaryotes are ribosomes which means the membrane
bound organelles are absent in prokaryotic cell

Q1b. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Q1c. Lagging strand - The lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in short sections. The
fragments are bound together by the enzyme DNA ligase in order to complete replication in
the lagging strand of DNA.

Section B

Q2. DNA REPLICATION

Process of duplication of the entire genome prior to cell division

Starts at origin

• Initiator proteins identify specific base sequences on DNA called sites of


origin
• Prokaryotes – single origin site E.g E.coli - oriC

Initiation

Proteins bind to DNA and open up double helix

Prepare DNA for complementary base pairing


Elongation

Proteins connect the correct sequences of nucleotides into a continuous new


strand of DNA
Termination

Proteins release the replication complex


Q3.

There are three main parts of interphase:

1. G (Gap)1 phase
2. S (Synthesis)phase
3. G (Gap) 2 phase

• Cell spends majority of life cycle (almost 90%) in interphase.


• In this cell prepares for cell division

Cell growth and DNA replication occurs

G1 phase – It is the stage during which the cell grows and prepares its DNA for replication.
In this phase, the cell is metabolically active.
S phase – It is the stage during which DNA synthesis occurs. In this phase, the amount of
DNA (per cell) doubles, but the chromosome number remains the same.

G2 phase – In this phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares itself for division. The
proteins and RNA required for mitosis are synthesised during this stage.

Q4. A diploid cell replicates its chromosomes

• Two stages of meiosis


• Meiosis I and Meiosis II
• Only 1 replication
• Chromosomes condense
• Homologous chromosomes pair with each other
• Each pair contains four sister chromatids – tetrad

5 sub stages:

• Leptotene: short duration


• Zygotene: bivalent condition
• Pachytene: crossing over occur/chiasmata formation
• Diplotene: synaptonemal complex degrades
• Diakinesis: Termination of chiasmata ocur
•

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