STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TWO STOREY REHABILITATION CENTER

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Building Data:P

L = 20 m

B = 10 m

Building Height = 3.6m + 3.2m = 6.8 m

Dead Load

Roof Deck:

 Parapets (150 mm CHB) = 2.63 kPa + .24 + .24 = 3.11 kPa (NSCP-Table 204-2)
 Suspended Steel Channel System = 0.1 kPa (NSCP-Table 204-2)
 Gypsum Board(20mm) = 0.16 kPa (NSCP-Table 204-2)
 Solar Panel w/stand = .2 kpa

Second Floor:

 Floor Finish = 1.1 kPa (NSCP-Table 204-2)

 Suspended Steel Channel System = 0.1 kPa (NSCP-Table 204-2)
 Gypsum Board(20mm) = 0.16 kPa (NSCP-Table 204-2)
 Exterior CHB wall (150 mm CHB) = 2.63 + .24 + .24 = 3.11 kPa
 Glass = .38 kPa

Live Load

Hospital (Corridor) = 3.8 kPa (NSCP-Table 205-1)

Restroom = 2.4 kPa

Rain Load = 1 kpa

Roof Deck = 1.9 Kpa

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 Wind Load

Occupancy Category = I (Essential Facilities) (NSCP – Table 103-1)

Basic wind speed (V) = 270 kph (NSCP-Fig. 207A.5-1A)

Wind load parameters:

 Wind directionality factor ,(Kd)= .85 (NSCP-Table 207A.6-1)

 Exposure Category = B (NSCP-Sec. 207A.7.3)
 For buildings with a mean roof height of less than or equal to 9m. Exposure B shall apply
where the ground surface roughness, as defined by Surface Roughness B.
 Surface Roughness B states that Urban and Sub-Urban areas, wooded areas, or terrain
with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or
larger.

 Topographic factor, (Kzt)= 1 (NSCP-Sec. 207A.8.2)

 Enclosure classification

 The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds the sum
of the areas of openings in the balance of the building envelope by more than 10%
 Area of openings in a wall that receives external pressure must exceed to 0.37m 2 or 1
percent of the area of that wall, whichever is smaller
 Ao > 1.10 Aoi

Where :
 Ao = total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure, in m 2
 Aoi = the sum of the areas of openings in the building envelope(walls and roof) not
including Ao
 Ag = the gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified, in m2
 Agi = the sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and roof) not
including Ag

Computation:
Ao = 0.84 m2 x 5pcs = 4.2m2
Aoi
Considering windows are open
 Area of Window 1 = 0.84 m2 x 24pcs = 20.16 m2
 Area of Window 2 = 1.44 m2 x 5pcs = 7.2 m2
`

Aoi = 27.36 m2
Ao < Aoi

4.2m2 < 1.10(27.36 m2)

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∴ It is not partially enclosed
Internal Pressure Coefficient: GCpi = ± 0.55

Risk Category = ( Category I)

All structures housing occupancies functions not listed in Category 1,2,3 and 5.
"See Table 103-1"
 Gust Effect Factor, G = 0.85 (NSCP-Sec. 207A.9.1)

Velocity pressure exposure coefficient, Kz & Kh= .7 (NSCP-Table 207C.3-1)

Velocity pressure, qz & qh:

m
v=
s
1000 m 1 hr 1 min
v=270 kph x x x
1 km 60 mins 60 sec
m
v=75
s

N
qz=0.613 KzKztKd V 2( ) (NSCP-Eq.207B.3-1)
m2
2
qz=.613 ( .70 ) ( 1 )( .85 )( 75 )
N
qz=2.052
m2

qz=qh
External coefficient factor:

 Windward Wall, Cp= .8

 Leeward Wall, Cp= -.5

L 10
= =0.5
B 20
Where: L= horizontal length parallel to direction of wind
B= horizontal length normal to direction of wind

 Side Wall Cp= -0.7

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Wind Pressure:

p=qGC p−qi ¿) (NSCP-Eq. 207B.4-1)

 Windward Wall
KN
p= (2.052 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 0.8 )− ( 2.052 )( 0.55 ) =0.2668
m2
KN
p= (2.052 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 0.8 )− ( 2.052 )(−0.55 ) =2.524
m2

 Leeward Wall
KN
p= (2.052 ) ( 0.85 ) (−0.5 ) −( 2.052 )( 0.55 ) =−2.001
m2
KN
p= (2.052 ) ( 0.85 ) (−0.5 ) −( 2.052 )(−0.55 )=0.2565
m2

 Sidewall

p= (2.052 ) ( 0.85 ) (−.7 ) −( 2.052 )( 0.55 ) =−2.35kPa

p= (2.052 ) ( 0.85 ) (−.7 ) −( 2.052 )(−0.55 )=−. 09234 kPa

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 Seismic Load

 Soil Type: SD (Stiff soil profile) (NSCP Table 208-2)

 Seismic Importance Factor, I = 1.5(Occupancy Category I) (NSCP Table 208-1)
 Numerical Factor, R=3.5 (MFRS: Ordinary reinforced concrete mom. frames) (NSCP-Table208-
11A)
 Seismic Zone Factor, Z=0.40 (Zone 4) (NSCP-Table 208-3)
 Seismic Source Type = A (NSCP-Table 208-4)
 Near Source Factor
Na= 1.0 (NSCP-Table 208-5)
Nv= 1.0 (NSCP-Table 208-6)
 Seismic Response Coefficients
C a=0.44 N a=0.44 ( 1.0 ) =0.44 (NSCP-Table 208-7)
C v =0.64 N v =0.64 ( 1.0 ) =0.64 (NSCP-Table 208-8)

Design Base Shear: (NSCP Section 208.5.2.1)

The total design base shear;

Cv I
V= W (NSCP-Eq.208-8)
RT
The total design base shear need not exceed;

2.5C a I
V max = W (NSCP-Eq.208-9)
R
The total design base shear shall not be less than;

V min =0.11 C a I W (NSCP-Eq.208-10)

For Zone 4, the total design base shear shall not also be less than;

0.8 ZN v I
V min = W (NSCP-Eq.208-11)
R

Structure Period (Equation 208-12)

3
T =C t (h n) 4

Where :

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  T = elastic fundamental period of vibration of the structure in the direction under
consideration, seconds.
 Ct = 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment resisting frames and eccentrically braced
frames
 hn = 6.8 meters *height above the base to level n respectively

Ct = 0.0731
3 3
T =C t (h n)4 =0.0731(6.8) 4 =0.3078 < .7 s
 Since T is less than 0.7 seconds, therefore neglect ft

Solving Total Deadload, W( LONGITUDINAL DESIGN)

Roofdeck:

Gypsum Board(per 20mm) = (0.16Kn/m2)(100m2) = 16 kN

Suspended Steel = (0.1 Kn/m2) (100m2) = 10 kN
Solar Panel w/stand = (0.2 Kn/m2)(100m2) = 20 kN
Slab = (23.54Kn/m3)(0.125m)(100m2) = 294.25 kN
Roof Beams = (23.54 Kn/m3)(0.3m)(0.4m)(45m) = 127.116 kN

Total Dead Load for Roof Deck

DL roofdeck =467.366 kN

Second Floor:

Gypsum Board(per 20mm) = (0.16)(93.695) = 14.9912 kN

Suspended Steel = (0.1Kn/m2) (93.695m2) = 9.3695 kN
Slab = (23.54Kn/m3) (0.125m) (93.695m2) = 275.698 kN
Beam = (23.54 Kn/m3)(.3m)(.4m)(45.15m) = 127.5397 kN

Total Dead Load for 2nd Floor:

DL2 nd floor=427.5984 kN

Total Dead Load:

W =DLroofdeck + DL2 nd floor

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W =467.366 KN +427.5984 kN
W =894.9644 KN
Base Shear

Cv I
V= W
RT
( .64 ) ( 1.0 )
V= (894.9644 KN )
( 3.5 ) ( .3213 )
V =509.339 KN

Condition:
Min Base Shear V = 0.11CaIW ¿(.11)(.44)(1)(707.156) =34.22635 kN

Vertical Distribution:

(V −Ft ) W x h x
F x= ( Equation 208-17 )
∑ W i hi
Since T < 0.7, Ft = 0
Floor Level W (kN) h (m) W h ( kN-m)
1 467.366 3.6 1682.5176
2 427.5984 6.8 2907.6691
∑ Wh 4590.1867

( W 1 ) ( h1 )
F= (V −Ft )
∑ W i hi

( 467.366 ) ( 3.6 )
F 1= ( 509.339−0 )=186.7 KN
4590.1867

( 427.5984 ) ( 6.8 )
F 2= ( 509.339−0 )=322.64 KN
4590.1867

Solving Total Deadload, W( TRANSVERSAL DESIGN)

Roofdeck:
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Ceiling = (0.16)(50) = 8 kN
Suspended Steel = (0.1) (50) = 5 kN
Solar Panel w/stand = (0.2)(50) = 10 kN
Slab = (23.54)(0.125)(50) = 147.125 kN
Roof Beams = (23.54)(0.3)(0.4)(25) = 70.62 kN

Total Dead Load for Roof Deck

DL roofdeck =240.745 kN

Second Floor:

Ceiling = (0.16)(65) = 10.4 kN

Suspended Steel = (0.1) (65) = 6.5 kN
Slab = (23.54) (0.125) (65) = 191.2625kN
Beam = (23.54)(.3)(.4)(33) = 93.2184 kN

Total Dead Load for 2nd Floor:

DL2 nd floor=301.3809 KN

Total Dead Load:

W =DLroofdeck + DL2 nd floor

W =240.745 KN +301.3809 kN
W =542.1259 KN
Base Shear

Cv I
V= W
RT
( .64 ) ( 1.0 )
V= (542.1259 KN )
( 3.5 ) ( .3213 )
V =308.533 KN

Condition:
Min Base Shear V = 0.11CaIW ¿(.11)(.44)(1)(707.156) =34.22635 kN

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Vertical Distribution:

(V −Ft ) W x h x
F x= ( Equation 208-17 )
∑ W i hi
Since T < 0.7, Ft = 0
Floor Level W (kN) h (m) W h ( kN-m)
1 240.745 3.6 866.682
2 301.3809 6.8 2049.39
∑ Wh 2916.072

( W 1 ) ( h1 )
F= (V −Ft )
∑ W i hi

( 240.745 )( 3.6 )
F 1= (308.533−0 ) =91.7 KN
2916.072

( 301.3809 ) ( 6.8 )
F 2= ( 308.533−0 ) =216.83 KN
2916.072

DESIGNING OF SLAB(Roof Deck) Wc = 23.54 Kn/m3

ONE LONG EDGE DISCONTINUOUS DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )
DESIGN CONSTANTS: Ceiling:
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa
fy = 276 Mpa Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa

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LIVELOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 ) centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
side of the beam
Rain load = 1kPa
Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of
Roof deck load = 1.9kPa beam and slab that is usually the same
Slab – 7]: Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:
Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm
Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm
Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm
Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm
Assume slab thickness = 125 mm
For Short Span
1
Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP) α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in
α 1=1.966
contact with ground
Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm For Long Span
Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
Clear covering = 20 mm 1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
Assume Tension Controlled
α 1=1.966
Ф = 0.9
1.966+1.966
β = 0.85 α fm=
2
α fm=1.138
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2)
L 5
= =1<2.0 0.22<α fm <2.0
S 5
fy

∴ two way slab h=

(
l n 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
where:
but not less than 125 mm
∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural
stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by where:

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l n = length of clear span in long direction of two- Wu=1.2 ( 3.203 )+ 1.6 ( 2.9 )
way slab
Kn
Wu=8.484
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short m
direction of two-way slabs
Moment Coefficient
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) s
m¿ = =1
l
5
5
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
5
β= =1
5
Calculation of Negative Moments At
276
h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 ) Continuous End
@ 5m
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 )
h=¿ 122.53 mm say 125 mm −M a=−C a W u La2

Assuming 12 mm φ bar −C a=0.033

kN
W u =8.484
d
m
150 mm

40 mm
La=5 m
kN
−M a=( 0.033 ) (8.484 ) ( 5 )2
m
d=125−40−6
−M a=6.9993 kN . m
d¿ 79 mm
@ 5m
Load Combinations:
−C b=0.061
Considering 1 m strip
−M b=−C b w u Lb2
SELFWEIGHT

DL=(0.125) ( 1 ) (23.54) ¿ 0.061(8.484)¿

DL=2.943 kN /m −M b=12.94 kN−m

Kn Kn Kn Positive Moments:
Total DL=2.943 +.1 +.16 +¿
m m m (Along Short Direction)
Kn +Ca DL=0.020
Total DL=3.203
m
+Ca¿ =0.028
Kn Kn
¿=1 +1.9
m m −M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2

¿=2.9
Kn ¿ ( 0.020 ) ( 1.2× 3.203 )( 5 )2
m
−M aDL=1.922 kN −m
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿

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−M aLL =(+Ca ¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2 2.37(0.92)

¿ ( 0.028 ) ( 1.6 ×2.9 ) ( 5 )2 ω=

1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =3.248 kN −m
ω=0.04587
−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL ) ρfy
ω=
¿ 1.922+3.248 f c'

−M aT =5.17 kN−m ρ ( 276 )

0.04587=
20.7
(Along long direction)
ρ=0.00344
+Cb DL=¿ 0.023
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.030
Computation of ρmin
2
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)
f c ' but not less than 1.4
2 ρmin = √
¿ ( 0.023 ) ( 1.2× 3.203 )( 5 ) 4 fy fy
−Mb DL =2.21 kN−m 20.7
ρmin = √
4 276 )
(
−Mb ¿=(+Cb ¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2
ρmin =0.00412
¿ ( 0.030 ) ( 1.6 ×2.9 ) ( 5 )2
1.4
−Mb ¿=3.48 kN −m ρmin =
fy
−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ ) 1.4
ρmin =
¿ 2.21+3.48 276

−M b=5.69 kN −m ρmin =0.00507

Use ρmin = 0.00507

Computation of spacing of re-bars: 0.3643 βf c'

ρmax =
fy
(Along short direction)
0.3643(0.85)(20.7)
1. Mid-Span ρmax =
276
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn ρmax ¿ 0.023
5.17 ¿ ρ< ρ min < ρmax
Rn =0.92 ∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
2.37( Rn ) A s=ρbd
ω=
√
1− 1−
1.18
fc '
A s=0.00507(1000)(79)

A s=400.53 mm 2
Use 12 mm Ф bar

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 A1 ×1000 2.37( Rn )
S=
As
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
π (122)
× 1000
4 2.37(1.246)
S=
400.53
S=282.37 mm
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Say S=250 mmO . C . ω=0.06277

Check spacing: ρfy

ω=
f c'
max s = 3t
ρ ( 276 )
max s = 3( 150) 0.06277=
20.7
max s¿ 450 mm> 250 mm
ρ=0.00471< ρmin
∴ ok !
∴Use ρ = 0.00507
A s=ρbd
A s=0.00507(1000)(79)
2. Discontinuous Edge
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is A s=4 00.53 mm2
only 1/3 of mid-span) Using 12 mm Ф bar
S=3(200) A1 ×1000
S=
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) As
Check spacing: π (12)2
× 1000
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm 4
S=
400.53
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
S=282.37
∴Max S = 300 mm
Say S=250 mmO . C .
600>300
Check spacing :
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
max s = 2t
max s = 2( 150)
max s¿ 300 mm>250 mm
3. Continuous Edge
∴ ok !
−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
(6.9993) ¿
Rn =1.246

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 2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(1.013)
Assume steel yields: ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Asfy
a= ω=0.0507
0.85 fc ’ b
ρfy
400.53(276) ω=
a= f c'
0.85(20.7)(1000)
ρ ( 276 )
a=6.283 mm 0.0507=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.0038< ρmin
6.283=0.85 c
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
c=7.392
A s=ρbd
Check strain
A s=0.00507(1000)(79)
∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c A s=400.53 mm 2
∈t 0.003 Use 12 mm Ф bar
=
79−7.392 7.392
A1 ×1000
ϵt =0.0291>0.00138 S=
As
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
π (122)
× 1000
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls ) 4
S=
400.53
∴ assumptions are correct
S=282.37 mm
Say S=250 mmO . C .

Check spacing:
Computation of spacing of re-bars:
max s = 2t
(Along long direction)
max s = 2( 150)
max s¿ 300 mm>250 mm
1. Mid-Span
∴ ok !
+ M b=∅ b d2 Rn
2. Discontinuous Edge
5.69 ¿
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is
Rn =1.013 only 1/3 of midspan)

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S=3(200) π (12)2
× 1000
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) 4
S=
711
Check spacing:
S=159.07 mm
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
Say S=150 mmO . C .
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
Check spacing of rebars
∴Max S = 300 mm
max s = 2t
600>300
max s = 2( 150)
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
max s¿ 300 mm>150 mm
∴ ok !
3. Continuous Edge

−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn
12.94 ¿
Rn =2.304
Assume steel yields:
2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
fc ' a=
Asfy
0.85 fc ’ b
711 (276)
2.37(2.304) a=
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
0.85(20.7)(1000)
a=11.153 mm
ω=0.12 a=βc
ρfy 11.153=0.85 c
ω=
f c' c=13.12 mm
ρ ( 276 ) Check strain
0.12=
20.7
∈ t 0.003
ρ=0.009> ρmin =
d−c c
∴Use ρ = 0.009 ∈t 0.003
=
A s=ρbd 79−13.12 13.12
ϵt =0.01506
A s=0.009(1000)(79)
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
A s=711 mm2
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
Using 12 mm Ф bar
∴ assumptions are correct
A1 ×1000
S=
As

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17 | P a g e
 Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
Clear covering = 20 mm
DESIGNING OF SLAB(Roof Deck)
Assume Tension Controlled
TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONTINUOUS
Ф = 0.9
DESIGN CONSTANTS:
β = 0.85
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
fy = 276 Mpa
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m3
L 5
DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 ) = =1<2.0
S 5
Ceiling:
Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa
∴ two way slab
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa
where:
LIVELOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )
∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural
Rain load = 1kPa stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
Roof deck load = 1.9kPa side of the beam
Slab - 8: Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of
beam and slab that is usually the same
Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:
Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm
Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm
Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm
Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm
Assume slab thickness = 125 mm
For Short Span
1
Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP) α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in α 1=1.966
contact with ground
Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm

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For Long Span Load Combinations:
1 Considering 1 m strip
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
SELFWEIGHT
α 1=1.966
DL=(0.125) ( 1 ) (23.54)
1.966+1.966
α fm= DL=2.943 kN /m
2
Kn Kn Kn
α fm=1.966 Total DL=2.943 +.1 +.16 +¿
m m m
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2)
Kn
Total DL=3.203
0.22<α fm <2.0 m

fy Kn Kn

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) ¿=1
m
+1.9
m
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 ) Kn
¿=2.9
m
but not less than 125 mm
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
where:
Wu=1.2 ( 3.203 )+ 1.6 ( 2.9 )
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two-
way slab Kn
Wu=8.484
m
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
direction of two-way slabs Moment Coefficient

fy s 5

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) m¿ = =1
l 5
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
5
β= =1
5 Calculation of Negative Moments At
Continuous End
276
h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 ) @ 5m
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 ) −M a=−C a W u La2
h=¿ 122.53 mm say 150 mm
−C a=0.05
Assuming 12 mm φ bar
kN
W u =8.484
m
d
150 mm La=5 m
40 mm
kN
−M a=( 0.05 ) (8.484 ) ( 5 )2
m
d=125−40−6 −M a=10.61 kN . m
d¿ 79 mm @ 5m
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−C b=0.050

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Computation of spacing of re-bars:

(Along short direction)
¿ 0.05( 8.484)¿
1. Mid-Span
−M b=10.61 kN −m
Positive Moments: + M a=∅ b d2 Rn

(Along Short Direction) 6.302 ¿

+Ca DL=0.027 Rn =1.122

2.37( Rn )
+Ca ¿ =0.032
−M DL =(+CaDL )(W DL )(La )2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2
¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.2× 3.203 ) (5 )
2.37(1.122)
−M aDL=2.59 kN−m
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =(+Ca ¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2

ω=0.0563
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 2.9 ) (5 )2
ρfy
ω=
−M aLL =3.712 kN−m f c'
−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL ) ρ ( 276 )
0.0563=
20.7
¿ 2.59+3.712
ρ=0.004223
−M aT =6.302 kN−m
(Along long direction)
Computation of ρmin
+Cb DL=¿ 0.027
√ f c ' but not less than 1.4
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.032 ρmin =
4 fy fy
2
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)
20.7
ρmin = √
¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.2× 3.203 ) (5 )
2 4 (276 )

−Mb DL =2.59 kN −m ρmin =0.00412

−Mb ¿=(+Cb ¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2 1.4

ρmin =
fy
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 2.9 ) (5 )2
1.4
ρmin =
−Mb ¿=3.712 kN −m 276
−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ ) ρmin =0.00507

¿ 2.59+3.712 Use ρmin = 0.00507

−M b=6.302 kN −m

20 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
ρmax =
fy 2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
276
600>300
ρmax ¿ 0.023
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
A s=ρbd 3. Continuous Edge
A s=0.00507(1000)(79) −M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=400.53 mm 2 (10.61)¿
Use 12 mm Ф bar Rn =1.889
A1 ×1000
2.37( Rn )
S=
As

π (12 ) 2
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

× 1000
4 ω=1− √ 1−2.37 ¿¿ ¿ ¿
S=
400.53
ω=0.0972
S=282.37 mm
ρfy
Say S=250 mmO . C . ω=
f c'
Check spacing:
ρ ( 276 )
0.0972=
max s = 3t 20.7
max s = 3( 150) ρ=0.00729> ρmin
max s¿ 450 mm> 250 mm ∴Use ρ = 0.00729
∴ ok ! A s=ρbd
A s=0.00729(1000)(79)

A s=575.91 mm2
Using 12 mm Ф bar
2. Discontinuous Edge
A1 ×1000
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is S=
As
only 1/3 of mid-span)

S=3(200) π (12)2
× 1000
4
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) S=
575.91
Check spacing: S=196.38

21 | P a g e
Say S=150 mmO . C . Computation of spacing of re-bars:
Check spacing : (Along long direction)
max s = 2t
max s = 2( 150) 1. Mid-Span
max s¿ 300 mm>150 mm + M b=∅ b d2 Rn
∴ ok ! 6.302 ¿
Rn =1.122

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(1.122)
Assume steel yields: ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b ω=0.0563
575.91(276) ρfy
a= ω=
0.85(20.7)(1000) f c'
a=9.034 mm ρ ( 276 )
0.0563=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.004223
9.034=0.85 c
c=10.63
Computation of ρmin
Check strain
∈ t 0.003 √ f c ' but not less than 1.4
ρmin =
= 4 fy fy
d−c c
20.7
∈t
=
0.003 ρmin = √
79−10.63 10.63 4 (276 )
ϵt =0.0193>0.00138 ρmin =0.00412

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) 1.4

ρmin =
fy
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
1.4
∴ assumptions are correct ρmin =
276
ρmin =0.00507
Use ρmin = 0.00507

22 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' Check spacing:
ρmax =
fy Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) 2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
ρmax =
276
∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax ¿ 0.023
600>300
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
A s=ρbd
3. Continuous Edge
A s=0.00507(1000)(79)
−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=400.53 mm 2 (10.61)¿
Use 12 mm Ф bar Rn =1.889
A1 ×1000
S= 2.37( Rn )
As

π (12 ) 2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
× 1000
4
S= ω=1− √ 1−2.37 ¿¿ ¿ ¿
400.53
ω=0.0972
S=282.37 mm
ρfy
Say S=250 mmO . C . ω=
f c'
Check spacing:
ρ ( 276 )
max s = 3t 0.0972=
20.7
max s = 3( 150) ρ=0.00729> ρmin
max s¿ 450 mm> 250 mm ∴Use ρ = 0.00729
∴ ok ! A s=ρbd
A s=0.00729(1000)(79)

A s=575.91 mm2
Using 12 mm Ф bar
A1 ×1000
2. Discontinuous Edge S=
As
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is
only 1/3 of midspan) π (12)2
× 1000
4
S=3(200) S=
575.91
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) S=196.38

23 | P a g e
Say S=150 mmO . C . 575.91(276)
a=
Check spacing : 0.85(20.7)(1000)

max s = 2t a=9.034 mm

max s = 2( 150) a=βc

max s¿ 300 mm>150 mm 9.034=0.85 c

∴ ok ! c=10.63
Check strain
∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c
∈t 0.003
=
79−10.63 10.63
ϵt =0.0193>0.00138
Assume steel yields:
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
Asfy
a= ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
0.85 fc ’ b
∴ assumptions are correct

24 | P a g e
DESIGNING OF SLAB(2nd Floor) a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground
ONE SHORT EDGE DISCONTINUOUS Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS: Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
Clear covering = 20 mm
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
Assume Tension Controlled
fy = 276 Mpa
Ф = 0.9
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m3
β = 0.85
DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )
Ceiling:
Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa
L 2.6
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa = =1.01<2.0
S 2.575
Floor Finishes = 1.10 kPa
Partitions: 2.63 + 2(.24) = 3.11 kPa ∴ two way slab
LIVELOAD: where:
Note for Table 205−1 ∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural
Restroom load shall not be less than the stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
load for the occupancy with which they are centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
associated, but need not to exceed 2.4 kPa side of the beam
Rest Room= 2.4 Kpa Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of
beam and slab that is usually the same
Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
Slab - 1: respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm

Assume slab thickness = 150 mm

Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP)

25 | P a g e
 Assuming 12 mm φ bar
For Short Span
1 d

α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿ 150 mm

12 40 mm

α 1=2.209

d=150−20−6
For Long Span d¿ 124 mm
1 Load Combinations:
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
Considering 1 m strip
α 1=2.188
SELFWEIGHT
2.209+2.188 DL=(0.15) ( 1 ) (23.54)
α fm=
2
DL=3.531 kN /m
α fm=2.199
Kn Kn Kn Kn Kn
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2)
Total DL=3.531 + .1 +.16 +1.10 +3.11
m m m m m
α fm >2.0 Kn
Total DL=8.001
m
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) ¿=2.4
Kn
m
36 +9 β
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
but not less than 125 mm
Wu=1.2 ( 8.001 )+ 1.6 (2.4 )
where:
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two- Kn
Wu=13.44
way slab
m

Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short

direction of two-way slabs Moment Coefficient
fy s 2.575

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) m¿ =
l 2.6
=0.99

36 +9 β
2.6
β= =1.01
2.575
Calculation of Negative Moments At
276 Continuous End

h=
2.6 0.8+ (1400 ) @ 2.575m
36+9 ( 1.01 )
−M a=−C a W u La2
h=¿ 57. 497 mm say 150 mm
−C a=0.0618
26 | P a g e
 kN −Mb ¿=(+Cb ¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2
W u =13.44
m
¿ ( 0.0274 )( 1.6 ×2.4 ) (2.6 )2
La=2.575 m
−Mb ¿=0.711 kN−m
kN
−M a=( 0.0618 ) (13.44 ) ( 2.575 )2 −M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ )
m
−M a=5.51 kN . m ¿ 1.259+0.711
@ 2.6m −M b=1.97 kN−m
−C b=0.0322

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Computation of spacing of re-bars:

(Along short direction)
¿ 0.0322(13.44) ¿
1. Mid-Span
−M b=2.926 kN−m
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn
Positive Moments:
2.251 ¿
(Along Short Direction)
Rn =0.163
+Ca DL=0.0232
2.37( Rn )
+Ca¿ =0.0304
−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

¿ ( 0.0232 ) (1.2 × 8.001 )( 2.575 )2 2.37(0.163)

−M aDL=1.477 N −m ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2

ω=0.007945
2
¿ ( 0.0304 )( 1.6 ×2.4 ) (2.575 ) ρfy
ω=
−M aLL =0.774 kN −m f c'

−M aT =(−M aDL ) + (−M aLL ) ρ ( 276 )

0.007945=
20.7
¿ 1.477+0.774
ρ=0.000596
−M aT =2.251kN −m
Computation of ρmin
(Along long direction)
f c' 1.4
+Cb DL=¿ 0.0194 ρmin = √ but not less than
4 fy fy
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.0274 20.7
ρmin = √
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb) 2 4 (276 )
ρmin =0.00412
¿ ( 0.0194 )( 1.2 ×8.001 ) ( 2.6 )2
−Mb DL =1.259 kN −m
27 | P a g e
 1.4 2. Discontinuous Edge
ρmin =
fy
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is
1.4 only 1/3 of mid-span)
ρmin =
276 S=3(200)
ρmin =0.00507
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
Use ρmin = 0.00507 Check spacing:
'
0.3643 βf c Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
ρmax =
fy
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
0.3643(0.85)(20.7)
ρmax = ∴Max S = 300 mm
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023 600>300
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
A s=ρbd
3. Continuous Edge
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
2
−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=628.68 mm
(5.51)¿
Use 12 mm Ф bar
Rn =0.3982
A ×1000
S= 1
As 2.37( Rn )
π (122)
× 1000
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
4
S=
628.68 2.37(0.3982)
S=179.89mm ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
Say S=150 mmO . C .
ω=0.01954
ρfy
Check spacing: ω=
f c'
max s = 3t
ρ (276 )
max s = 3( 150) 0.01954=
20.7
max s¿ 450 mm> 200 mm
ρ=0.001466< ρmin
∴ ok !
∴Use ρ = 0.00507
A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
28 | P a g e
A s=628.68 mm2 ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )

Using 12 mm Ф bar ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )

A1 ×1000 ∴ assumptions are correct
S=
As

π (12)2
× 1000
4
S=
628.68
Computation of spacing of re-bars:
S=179.89
(Along long direction)
Say S=150 mmO . C .
Check spacing :
1. Mid-Span
max s = 2t
+ M b=∅ b d2 Rn
max s = 2( 150)
d=92 mm
max s¿ 300 mm>200 mm
1.97 ¿
∴ ok !
Rn =0.1424

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(0.1424)
Assume steel yields:

a=
Asfy ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
0.85 fc ’ b
ω=0.00694
628.68(276)
a= ρfy
0.85(20.7)(1000) ω=
f c'
a=9.86 mm
ρ (276 )
a=βc 0.00694=
20.7
9.86=0.85 c
ρ=0.000521< ρmin
c=11.6
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
Check strain
A s=ρbd
∈ t 0.003
= A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
d−c c
∈t 0.003 A s=628.68 mm2
=
124−11.6 11.6
Use 12 mm Ф bar
ϵt =0.0291>0.00138

29 | P a g e
 A1 ×1000 2.37( Rn )
S=
As
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
π (122)
× 1000
4 2.37(0.2114 )
S=
628.68
S=179.89mm
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Say S=150 mmO . C . ω=0.0103

ρfy
ω=
f c'
Check spacing:
ρ ( 276 )
max s = 2t 0.0103=
20.7
max s = 2( 150)
ρ=0.0007725< ρmin
max s¿ 300 mm>200 mm
∴Use ρ = 0.00507
∴ ok !
A s=ρbd
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
2. Discontinuous Edge
A s=628.68 mm2
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is
only 1/3 of midspan) Using 12 mm Ф bar
S=3(200) A1 ×1000
S=
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) As

Check spacing: π (12)2

× 1000
4
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm S=
628.68
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
S=179.89mm
∴Max S = 300 mm
Say S=150 mmO . C .
600>300
Check spacing of rebars
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
max s = 2t
max s = 2( 150)
3. Continuous Edge
max s¿ 300 mm>200 mm
2
−M b=∅ b d Rn
∴ ok !
2.926 ¿
Rn =0.2114

30 | P a g e
Assume steel yields: DESIGN CONSTANTS:
Asfy Fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
a=
0.85 fc ’ b Fy = 276 Mpa
628.68(276) Wc = 23.54 Kn/m3
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
DEADLOAD:
a=9.86 mm
Ceiling (NSCP Table 204-2)
a=βc
Suspended Steel Channel = 0.1 Kpa
9.86=0.85 c
Gypsum Board (20mm) = 0.16 Kpa
c=11.6 mm
Floor Finish = 1.10 Kpa
Check strain
Partition = 2.63 + 2(.24) = 3.11 kPa
∈ t 0.003
= LIVELOAD:
d−c c
∈t 0.003 Note for Table 205−1
=
124−11.6 11.6 Restroom load shall not be less than the
load for the occupancy with which they are
ϵt =0.0291
associated, but need not to exceed 2.4 kPa
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
Rest Room= 2.4 Kpa
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
L 2.4 ( 1000 )
min t = =85.71 mm
∴ assumptions are correct 28 28
Say t = 150 mm
Slab -2
One Way Slab (second floor) Assume 12 mm φ reinforcing bars

d
150 mm

40 mm

d = 150 – 40 – 6

d = 104 mm

LOAD COMBINATIONS:
Considering 1 m strip
SELFWEIGHT

31 | P a g e
DL = (0.15)(1)(23.54) 2.37(0.685)
DL = 3.531 Kn / m ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
Kn Kn Kn Kn Kn
Total DL=3.531 + .1 +.16 +1.10 +3.11
m m m m ω=¿
m 0.0339
Kn ρfy
Total DL=8.001 ω=
m f c'
Consider 1 m strip ρ ( 276 )
0.0339=
Kn 20.7
¿=2.4
m ρ=0.00254< ρ min
Kn ∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
¿=2.4
m
A s=ρbd
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
A s=ρbd=0.00507(1000)(104 )
Wu=1.2 ( 13.261 )+1.6 ( 2.4 )
A s=527.28 mm
Kn
Wu=19.753 Use 12 mm Ф bar
m
A1 ×1000
S=
As

π (122)
× 1000
w L2 4
M= S=
12 527.28
( 19.753 ) (2.4 )2 S=214 . 492 mm
M=
12 Say S=200 mmO . C .
M =9.48 kN .m Check spacing of rebar's:
Max Spacing=3 t
COMPUTATION OF SPACING OF Max Spacing=3 ( 150 )
REBARS
Max Spacing=450 mm>210 mm
M u=∅ b d 2 R n
∴ ok !
Assume Φ= 0.90
∴ Use12 mm ∅ main @
¯ 210 mm O. C

9.48 ¿
Rn =0 .685

2.37( Rn )

ω=
√
1− 1−
1.18
fc '

Assume steel yields:

32 | P a g e
 Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b
527.28(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
a=8 . 27 mm
a=βc
8.27=0.85 c
c=9 .73
Check strain
∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c
∈t 0.003
=
124−9.73 9.73
ϵt =0 . 03523
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
∴ assumptions are correct

Temp bars spacing:

As=0002bt
As=0.002 ( 1000 ) ( 150 )

As=300 m m2
π (102)
× 1000
4
S=
300
S=261.799mm

𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝐒 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩.=𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
5t = 5(150) = 750 mm
S < 5t OK!
∴ Use10 mm temp . bars @ 250 mmO . C

33 | P a g e
DESIGNING OF SLAB(2nd floor) Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm
Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
ONE LONG EDGE DISCONTINUOUS Clear covering = 20 mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS: Assume Tension Controlled
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa Ф = 0.9
fy = 276 Mpa β = 0.85
3
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m
DEADLOAD:
Ceiling: L 5
= =1<2.0
Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa S 5
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa
Floor Finishes = 1.10 kPa ∴ two way slab
Partitions = 2.63 + 2(.24) + 0.38 where:

= 3.49 Kpa ∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural

stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
LIVELOAD:
centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
HOSPITAL – Corridors above ground floor side of the beam
= 3.8 Kpa Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of
beam and slab that is usually the same
Slab - 3:
Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm

Assume slab thickness = 150 mm

For Short Span

Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP) 1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in 12
contact with ground α 1=1.138
34 | P a g e
 d=150−20−6
For Long Span d¿ 124 mm
1 Load Combinations:
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
Considering 1 m strip
α 1=2.188 SELFWEIGHT
1.138+1.138 DL=(0.15) ( 1 ) (23.54)
α fm=
2
DL=3.531 kN /m
α fm=1.138
Kn Kn Kn Kn Kn
Total DL=3.531 + .1 +.16 +1.10 +3.49
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2) m m m m m
0.22<α fm <2.0 Kn
Total DL=8.381
m
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) ¿=3.8
Kn
m
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
but not less than 125 mm
Wu=1.2 ( 8.381 )+ 1.6 (3.8 )
where:
Kn
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two- Wu=16.137
m
way slab
Moment Coefficient
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
direction of two-way slabs s 5
m¿ = =1
l 5
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Calculation of Negative Moments At
5
β= =1 Continuous End
5
@ 5m
276
h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 ) −M a=−C a W u La2
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 ) −C a=0.033
h=¿ 122.53 mm say 150 mm kN
W u =16.137
Assuming 12 mm φ bar m
La=5 m
d
kN
150 mm
−M a=( 0.033 ) (16.137 ) (5 )2
40 mm
m
−M a=13.313 kN . m

35 | P a g e
@ 5m −M b=10.294 kN−m
−C b=0.061

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Computation of spacing of re-bars:

(Along short direction)
¿ 0.061(16.137) ¿
1. Mid-Span
−M b=24.61 kN −m
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn
Positive Moments:
9.285 ¿
(Along Short Direction)
Rn =0.671
+Ca DL=0.020
2.37( Rn )
+Ca¿ =0.028
−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

¿ ( 0.020 ) ( 1.2× 8.381 )( 5 )2 2.37(0.671)

−M aDL=5.029 kN −m ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2

ω=0.0332
2
¿ ( 0.028 ) ( 1.6 ×3.8 ) ( 5 ) ρfy
ω=
−M aLL =4.256 kN−m f c'
−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL ) ρ ( 276 )
0.0332=
20.7
¿ 5.029+4.256
ρ=0.00249
−M aT =9.285 kN−m
(Along long direction)
Computation of ρmin
+Cb DL=¿ 0.023
f c' 1.4
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.030 ρmin = √ but not less than
4 fy fy
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)2 20.7
ρmin = √
¿ ( 0.023 ) ( 1.2× 8.381 )( 5 )2 4 (276 )

−Mb DL =5.734 kN −m ρmin =0.00412

1.4
−Mb ¿=(+Cb¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2 ρmin =
fy
2
¿ ( 0.030 ) ( 1.6 ×3.8 ) ( 5 ) 1.4
ρmin =
−Mb ¿=4.56 kN −m 276

−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ ) ρmin =0.00507

¿ 5.734+ 4.56 Use ρmin = 0.00507

36 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
fy 600>300
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρmax =
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
A s=ρbd
3. Continuous Edge
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=628.68 mm2
(13.313)¿
Use 12 mm Ф bar
Rn =0.962
A ×1000
S= 1 2.37( Rn )
As

π (122)
× 1000
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

4
S= 2.37(0.962)
628.68
S=179.89mm ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Say S=150 mmO . C .

ω=0.04803
Check spacing:
ρfy
max s = 3t ω=
f c'
max s = 3( 150)
ρ ( 276 )
0.04803=
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm 20.7
∴ ok ! ρ=0.0036023< ρmin

∴Use ρ = 0.00507
2. Discontinuous Edge A s=ρbd
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
only 1/3 of mid-span)

S=3(200) A s=628.68 mm2

S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) Using 12 mm Ф bar

Check spacing: A1 ×1000

S=
As
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm

37 | P a g e
 π (12)2
× 1000
4
S=
628.68
S=179.89
Computation of spacing of re-bars:
Say S=150 mmO . C .
(Along long direction)
Check spacing :
max s = 2t
1. Mid-Span
max s = 2( 150)
+ M b=∅ b d2 Rn
max s¿ 300 mm>200 mm
d=124 mm
∴ ok !
10.294 ¿
Rn =0.7439

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(0.7439)
Assume steel yields:
Asfy
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
a=
0.85 fc ’ b ω=0.03689
628.68(276) ρfy
a= ω=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
f c'
a=9.86 mm ρ ( 276 )
0.03689=
a=βc 20.7
9.86=0.85 c ρ=0.00277< ρmin
c=11.6 ∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
Check strain A s=ρbd
∈ t 0.003 A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
=
d−c c
A s=628.68 mm2
∈t 0.003
=
124−11.6 11.6 Use 12 mm Ф bar
ϵt =0.0291>0.00138 A1 ×1000
S=
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) As

ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )

∴ assumptions are correct
38 | P a g e
 π (122) 2.37(1.778)
S=
4
× 1000
628.68
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

S=179.89mm ω=0.09116
Say S=150 mmO . C . ρfy
ω=
f c'

Check spacing: ρ ( 276 )

0.09116=
20.7
max s = 2t
ρ=0.006837> ρmin
max s = 2( 150)
∴Use ρ = 0.006837
max s¿ 300 mm>150 mm
A s=ρbd
∴ ok !
A s=0.006837(1000)(124)

2. Discontinuous Edge A s=847.79 mm2

Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is Using 12 mm Ф bar
only 1/3 of midspan)
A1 ×1000
S=3(200) S=
As
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) π (12)2
× 1000
Check spacing: 4
S=
847.79
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
S=133.40mm
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
Say S 100 mm O. C .
∴Max S = 300 mm
Check spacing of rebars
600>300
max s = 2t
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
max s = 2( 150)
max s¿ 300 mm>100 mm
3. Continuous Edge
∴ ok !
−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn
24.61 ¿
Rn =1.778

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc ' Assume steel yields:
Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b

39 | P a g e
 847.79(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
a=13.299 mm
a=βc
13.299=0.85 c
c=15.65 mm
Check strain
∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c
∈t 0.003
=
124−15.65 15.65
ϵt =0.02077
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )

ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )

∴ assumptions are correct

40 | P a g e
DESIGNING OF SLAB(2nd floor) Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
Clear covering = 20 mm
TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONTINUOUS
Assume Tension Controlled
DESIGN CONSTANTS:
Ф = 0.9
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
β = 0.85
fy = 276 Mpa
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m3
DEADLOAD:
L 5
Ceiling: = =1<2.0
S 5
Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa
∴ two way slab
Floor Finishes = 1.10 kPa
where:
Partitions: 2.63 + 2(.24) + .38 = 3.49 kPa
∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural
LIVELOAD: stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
HOSPITAL – Corridors above ground floor
side of the beam
= 3.8 Kpa
Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of
beam and slab that is usually the same
Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
Slab -4:
respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm

Assume slab thickness = 150 mm

For Short Span

1
Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP) α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in
α 1=1.138
contact with ground
Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm
41 | P a g e
 d=150−20−6
For Long Span d¿ 124 mm
1 Load Combinations:
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
Considering 1 m strip
α 1=2.188 SELFWEIGHT
1.138+1.138 DL=(0.15) ( 1 ) (23.54)
α fm=
2
DL=3.531 kN /m
α fm=1.138
Kn Kn Kn Kn Kn
Total DL=3.531 + .1 +.16 +1.10 +3.49
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2) m m m m m
0.22<α fm <2.0 Kn
Total DL=8.381
m
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) ¿=2.4
Kn
m
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
but not less than 125 mm
Wu=1.2 ( 8.381 )+ 1.6 (3.8 )
where:
Kn
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two- Wu=16.137
m
way slab
Moment Coefficient
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
direction of two-way slabs s 5
m¿ = =1
l 5
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Calculation of Negative Moments At
5
β= =1 Continuous End
5
@ 5m
276
h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 ) −M a=−C a W u La2
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 ) −C a=0.05
h=¿ 122.53 mm say 150 mm kN
W u =16.137
Assuming 12 mm φ bar m
La=5 m
d
kN
150 mm
−M a=( 0.05 ) (16.137 ) (5 ) 2
40 mm
m
−M a=20.17 kN .m

42 | P a g e
@ 5m −M b=11.653 kN−m
−C b=0.050

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Computation of spacing of re-bars:

(Along short direction)
¿ 0.05(16.137) ¿
1. Mid-Span
−M b=20.17 kN−m
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn
Positive Moments:
11.653 ¿
(Along Short Direction)
Rn =.842
+Ca DL=0.027
2.37( Rn )
+Ca¿ =0.032
−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.2× 8.381 ) (5 )2 2.37(.842)

−M aDL=6.789 kN−m ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2

ω=0.0419
2
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 3.8 ) (5 ) ρfy
ω=
−M aLL =4.864 kN−m f c'
−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL ) ρ ( 276 )
0.0419=
20.7
¿ 6.789+ 4.864
ρ=0.00314
−M aT =11.653 kN −m
(Along long direction)
Computation of ρmin
+Cb DL=¿ 0.027
f c' 1.4
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.032 ρmin = √ but not less than
4 fy fy
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)2 20.7
ρmin = √
¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.2× 8.381 ) (5 )2 4 (276 )

−Mb DL =6.789 kN −m ρmin =0.00412

1.4
−Mb ¿=(+Cb¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2 ρmin =
fy
2
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 3.8 ) (5 ) 1.4
ρmin =
−Mb ¿=4.864 kN −m 276

−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ ) ρmin =0.00507

¿ 6.789+ 4.864 Use ρmin = 0.00507

43 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
fy 600>300
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρmax =
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
3. Continuous Edge
∴Use ρ = = 0.00507
−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=ρbd
20.17 ¿
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
Rn =1.458
2
A s=628.68 mm
2.37( Rn )
Use 12 mm Ф bar
A1 ×1000
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

S=
As 2.37(1.458)
π (12 )
4
2
× 1000 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

S=
628.68 ω=0.07396
S=179.89mm ρfy
ω=
Say S=150 mmO . C . f c'
Check spacing: ρ ( 276 )
0.07396=
20.7
max s = 3t
ρ=0.005547
max s = 3( 150)
ρ=0.005447> ρmin
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm

∴ ok ! ∴Use ρ = 0.005447
A s=ρbd

2. Discontinuous Edge A s=0.005547(1000)(124)

Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is A s=687.83 mm2

only 1/3 of mid-span)
Use 12 mm Ф bar
S=3(200)
A1 ×1000
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) S=
As
Check spacing:
π (122)
× 1000
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm 4
S=
687.83
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm

44 | P a g e
S=164.43mm
Say S=150 mmO . C . Computation of spacing of re-bars:
Check spacing: (Along long direction)
max s = 3t
max s = 3( 150) 1. Mid-Span
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm + M b=∅ b d2 Rn
∴ ok ! 11.653 ¿
Rn =.842

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(.842)
Assume steel yields: ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Asfy
a= ω=0.0419
0.85 fc ’ b
687.83(276) ρfy
a= ω=
0.85(20.7)(1000) f c'

a=10.789 mm ρ ( 276 )
0.0419=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.00314
10.789=0.85 c
c=12.69
Computation of ρmin
Check strain
f c' 1.4
∈ t 0.003 ρmin = √ but not less than
= 4 fy fy
d−c c
20.7
∈t
=
0.003 ρmin = √
124−12.69 12.69 4 (276 )

ϵt =0.0263>0.00138 ρmin =0.00412

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) 1.4

ρmin =
fy
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
1.4
∴ assumptions are correct ρmin =
276
ρmin =0.00507
Use ρmin = 0.00507

45 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
fy 600>300
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρmax =
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023
3. Continuous Edge
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn
∴Use ρ = = 0.00507
20.17 ¿
A s=ρbd
Rn =1.458
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
2.37( Rn )
A s=628.68 mm2
Use 12 mm Ф bar
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

A1 ×1000 2.37(1.458)
S=
As
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
2
π (12 )
× 1000 ω=0.07396
4
S=
628.68 ρfy
ω=
S=179.89mm f c'
Say S=150 mmO . C . ρ ( 276 )
0.07396=
20.7
Check spacing:
ρ=0.005547
max s = 3t
ρ=0.005447> ρmin
max s = 3( 150)
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm
∴Use ρ = 0.005447
A s=ρbd
A s=0.005547(1000)(124)

2. Discontinuous Edge A s=687.83 mm2

Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is Use 12 mm Ф bar
only 1/3 of midspan)
A1 ×1000
S=3(200) S=
As
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
π (122)
× 1000
Check spacing: 4
S=
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
687.83
S=164.43mm
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm

46 | P a g e
Say S=150 mmO . C .
Check spacing:
max s = 3t
max s = 3( 150)
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm

∴ ok !

Assume steel yields:

Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b
687.83(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
a=10.789 mm
a=βc
10.789=0.85 c
c=12.69
Check strain
∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c
∈t 0.003
=
124−12.69 12.69
ϵt =0.0263>0.00138
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
∴ assumptions are correct

47 | P a g e
DESIGNING OF SLAB(roofdeck)
TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONTINUOUS
DESIGN CONSTANTS: L 5
= =1.667< 2.0
S 3
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
fy = 276 Mpa
∴ two way slab
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m3
where:
DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )
Ceiling:
∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural
stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa side of the beam

LIVELOAD: Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of

beam and slab that is usually the same
Rainload = 1.10 kPa Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
respectively.
Roof deck = 1.9 kPa
Slab -5: ∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 250mm x 300mm

Beam 2 = 250mm x 300mm

Beam 3 = 250mm x 300mm

Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm

Assume slab thickness = 125 mm

Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP) For Short Span

1
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.25) ¿ ¿
contact with ground 12
Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm α 1=1.152
Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
Clear covering = 20 mm 1
α 2=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.25) ¿ ¿
Assume Tension Controlled 12

Ф = 0.9 α 2=1.152

β = 0.85

48 | P a g e
For Long Span d=150−40−6
1 d¿ 104 mm
α 3=( 4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.25)¿ ¿
12
Load Combinations:
α 3=0.6912 Considering 1 m strip
1 SELFWEIGHT
α 4=( 4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3)¿ ¿
12
DL=(0.125) ( 1 ) (23.54)
α 4=1.9661
DL=2.9425 kN / m
α fm=1.24
Kn Kn Kn
Total DL=3.531 + .1 +.16
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2) m m m
0.22<α fm <2.0 Kn
Total DL=3.203
m
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) ¿=1.0
Kn
m
+1.9
Kn
m
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
but not less than 125 mm
Wu=1.2 ( 3.791 )+1.6 ( 2.9 )
where:
Kn
Wu=9.189
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two- m
way slab
Moment Coefficient
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
direction of two-way slabs
s 3
m¿ = =0.6
l 5
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Calculation of Negative Moments At
5
β= =1.667 Continuous End
3
@ 3m
276
h=
(5) (1000 ) 0.8+ (1400 ) −M a=−C a W u La2
36 +5 (1.667 )( 1.517−0.2 ) −C a=0.095
h=¿ 106.13 mm say 125 mm kN
W u =9.189
Assuming 12 mm φ bar m
La=3 m
d
kN
150 mm
−M a=( 0.095 ) (9.189 ) ( 3 )2
40 mm
m
−M a=7.857 kN .m

49 | P a g e
@ 5m −M b=1.61 kN −m
−C b=0.00

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Computation of spacing of re-bars:

(Along short direction)
¿ 0.00(10.51) ¿
1. Mid-Span
−M b=0 kN−m
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn
Positive Moments:
5.133 ¿
(Along Short Direction)
Rn =0.5273
+Ca DL=0.056
2.37( Rn )
+Ca¿ =0.068
−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

¿ ( 0.056 ) ( 1.2× 3.791 )( 3 )2 2.37(0.5273)

−M aDL=2.293 kN−m ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2

ω=0.02598
2
¿ ( 0.068 ) ( 1.6 ×2.9 ) ( 3 ) ρfy
ω=
−M aLL =2.84 kN −m f c'
−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL ) ρ ( 276 )
0.02598=
20.7
¿ 2.293+2.84
ρ=0.00195
−M aT =5.133 kN−m
(Along long direction)
Computation of ρmin
+Cb DL=¿ 0.006
f c' 1.4
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.008 ρmin = √ but not less than
4 fy fy
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)2 20.7
ρmin = √
¿ ( 0.006 ) ( 1.2× 3.791 )( 5 )2 4 (276 )

−Mb DL =0.6824 kN −m ρmin =0.00412

1.4
−Mb ¿=(+Cb¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2 ρmin =
fy
2
¿ ( 0.008 ) ( 1.6 ×2.9 ) ( 5 ) 1.4
ρmin =
−Mb ¿=0.928 kN−m 276

−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ ) ρmin =0.00507

¿ 0.6824+ 0.928 Use ρmin = 0.00507

50 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
fy 600>300
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρmax =
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
3. Continuous Edge
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=ρbd
(7.587)¿
A s=0.00507(1000)(104)
Rn =0.7994
A s=527.28 mm2
2.37( Rn )
Use 12 mm Ф bar
A ×1000 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
S= 1
As
2.37(0.7994)
π (12 )
4
2
× 1000 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
S=
527.28
ω=0.03971
S=214.49mm
ρfy
Say S=200 mmO . C . ω=
f c'
Check spacing:
ρ ( 276 )
0.03971=
max s = 3t 20.7
max s = 3( 150) ρ=0.00298> ρmin
max s¿ 450 mm> 200 mm ∴Use ρ = 0.00611
∴ ok ! A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(104)
2. Discontinuous Edge
A s=527.28 mm2
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is
only 1/3 of mid-span) Using 12 mm Ф bar

S=3(200) A1 ×1000
S=
As
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
Check spacing: π (12)2
× 1000
4
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm S=
527.28
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
S=214.49
51 | P a g e
Say S=200 mmO . C . Computation of spacing of re-bars:

Check spacing : (Along long direction)

max s = 2t
max s = 2( 150) 1. Mid-Span

max s¿ 300 mm>200 mm + M b=∅ b d2 Rn

∴ ok ! 1.61 ¿
Rn =0.1654

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(0.1654)
Assume steel yields: ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Asfy
a= ω=0.00806
0.85 fc ’ b
527.28(276) ρfy
a= ω=
0.85(20.7)(1000) f c'

a=8.27 mm ρ ( 276 )
0.00806=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.0006045
8.27=0.85 c
c=9.73
Computation of ρmin
Check strain
∈ t 0.003 √ f c ' but not less than 1.4
ρmin =
= 4 fy fy
d−c c
20.7
∈t
=
0.003 ρmin = √
104−9.73 9.73 4 (276 )

ϵt =0.0291>0.00138 ρmin =0.00412

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) 1.4

ρmin =
fy
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
1.4
∴ assumptions are correct ρmin =
276
ρmin =0.00507
Use ρmin = 0.00507

52 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
fy 600>300
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρmax =
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023
3. Continuous Edge
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
-Mb = 0
A s=ρbd
A s=0.00507(1000)(104)

A s=527.28 mm2
Use 12 mm Ф bar
A1 ×1000 Assume steel yields:
S=
As Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b
π (122)
× 1000 527.28(276)
4 a=
S= 0.85(20.7)(1000)
527.28
S=214.49mm a=8.27 mm
Say S=200 mmO . C . a=βc
Check spacing: 8.27=0.85 c
max s = 3t c=9.73
max s = 3( 150) Check strain

max s¿ 450 mm> 200 mm ∈ t 0.003

=
d−c c
∴ ok !
∈t 0.003
=
104−9.73 9.73
2. Discontinuous Edge ϵt =0.0291>0.00138
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
only 1/3 of midspan)
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
S=3(200)
∴ assumptions are correct
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
Check spacing:
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm

53 | P a g e
DESIGNING OF SLAB(2nd floor) Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40 mm
Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20 mm
ALL EDGES CONTINUOUS Clear covering = 20 mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS: Assume Tension Controlled
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa Ф = 0.9
fy = 276 Mpa β = 0.85
3
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m
DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )
Ceiling: L 5
= =1<2.0
Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa S 5
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa
Floor Finishes = 1.10 kPa ∴ two way slab
Partitions: 2.63 + 2(.24) + .38 = 3.49 kPa where:

LIVELOAD: ∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural

stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
HOSPITAL – Corridors above ground floor
centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
= 3.8 Kpa side of the beam

Ecb  and  Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of

beam and slab that is usually the same
Slab - 6:
Ib  and  Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s
Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm

Assume slab thickness = 150 mm

For Short Span

1
Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1 NSCP) α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground α 1=1.138
54 | P a g e
 d=150−20−6
For Long Span d¿ 124 mm
1 Load Combinations:
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
Considering 1 m strip
α 1=2.188 SELFWEIGHT
1.138+1.138 DL=(0.15) ( 1 ) (23.54)
α fm=
2
DL=3.531 kN /m
α fm=1.138
Kn Kn Kn Kn Kn
Total DL=3.531 + .1 +.16 +1.10 +3.49
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2) m m m m m
0.22<α fm <2.0 Kn
Total DL=8.381
m
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) ¿=2.4
Kn
m
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
but not less than 125 mm
Wu=1.2 ( 8.381 )+ 1.6 (3.8 )
where:
Kn
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two- Wu=16.137
m
way slab
Moment Coefficient
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
direction of two-way slabs s 5
m¿ = =1
l 5
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Calculation of Negative Moments At
5
β= =1 Continuous End
5
@ 5m
276
h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 ) −M a=−C a W u La2
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 ) −C a=0.045
h=¿ 122.53 mm say 150 mm kN
W u =16.137
Assuming 12 mm φ bar m
La=5 m
d
kN
150 mm
−M a=( 0.045 ) (16.137 ) (5 )2
40 mm
m
−M a=18.154 kN . m

55 | P a g e
@ 5m −M b=8.63 kN−m
−C b=0.045

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Computation of spacing of re-bars:

(Along short direction)
¿ 0.045(16.137) ¿
1. Mid-Span
−M b=18.154 kN−m
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn
Positive Moments:
8.63 ¿
(Along Short Direction)
Rn =0.624
+Ca DL=0.018
2.37( Rn )
+Ca¿ =0.027
−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

¿ ( 0.018 ) ( 1.2× 8.381 )( 5 )2 2.37(0.624)

−M aDL=4.526 kN −m ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2

ω=0.030833
2
¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.6 ×3.8 ) ( 5 ) ρfy
ω=
−M aLL =4.104 kN−m f c'
−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL ) ρ ( 276 )
0.030833=
20.7
¿ 4.526+ 4.104
ρ=0.002313
−M aT =8.63 kN−m
(Along long direction)
Computation of ρmin
+Cb DL=¿ 0.018
f c' 1.4
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.027 ρmin = √ but not less than
4 fy fy
−Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)2 20.7
ρmin = √
¿ ( 0.018 ) ( 1.2× 8.381 )( 5 )2 4 (276 )

−Mb DL =4.526 kN −m ρmin =0.00412

1.4
−Mb ¿=(+Cb¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2 ρmin =
fy
2
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 2.4 ) ( 5 ) 1.4
ρmin =
−Mb ¿=4.104 kN −m 276

−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ ) ρmin =0.00507

¿ 4.526+ 4.104 Use ρmin = 0.00507

56 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
fy 600>300
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρmax =
276
ρmax ¿ 0.023
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
3. Continuous Edge
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=ρbd
(18.154) ¿
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
Rn =1.312
A s=628.68 mm2
2.37( Rn )
Use 12 mm Ф bar
A ×1000 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
S= 1
As
2.37(1.312)
π (12 )
4
2
× 1000 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
S=
628.68
ω=0.06624
S=179.89mm
ρfy
Say S=150 mmO . C . ω=
f c'
Check spacing:
ρ (276 )
0.06624=
max s = 3t 20.7
max s = 3( 150) ρ=0.004967< ρmin
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm ∴Use ρ = 0.00507
∴ ok ! A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
2. Discontinuous Edge
A s=628.68 mm2
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is
only 1/3 of mid-span) Using 12 mm Ф bar

S=3(200) A1 ×1000
S=
As
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
Check spacing: π (12)2
× 1000
4
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm S=
628.68
2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
S=179.89
57 | P a g e
Say S=150 mmO . C . Computation of spacing of re-bars:

Check spacing : (Along long direction)

max s = 2t
max s = 2( 150) 1. Mid-Span

max s¿ 300 mm>150 mm + M b=∅ b d2 Rn

∴ ok ! 8.63 ¿
Rn =0.624

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(0.624)
Assume steel yields: ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Asfy
a= ω=0.030833
0.85 fc ’ b
628.68(276) ρfy
a= ω=
0.85(20.7)(1000) f c'

a=9.86 mm ρ ( 276 )
0.030833=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.002313
9.86=0.85 c
c=11.6
Computation of ρmin
Check strain
∈ t 0.003 √ f c ' but not less than 1.4
ρmin =
= 4 fy fy
d−c c
20.7
∈t
=
0.003 ρmin = √
124−11.6 11.6 4 (276 )

ϵt =0.0291>0.00138 ρmin =0.00412

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) 1.4

ρmin =
fy
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
1.4
∴ assumptions are correct ρmin =
276
ρmin =0.00507
Use ρmin = 0.00507

58 | P a g e
 0.3643 βf c' Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
ρmax =
fy 2t = 2(150) = 300 mm
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) ∴Max S = 300 mm
ρmax =
276
600>300
ρmax ¿ 0.023
∴ Use S=300 mm O. C .
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
3. Continuous Edge
A s=ρbd
−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn
A s=0.00507(1000)(124)
(18.154) ¿
A s=628.68 mm2
Rn =1.312
Use 12 mm Ф bar
2.37( Rn )
A ×1000
S= 1
As ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

π (122) 2.37(1.312)
× 1000
S=
4
628.68 ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

S=179.89mm
ω=0.06624
Say S=150 mmO . C .
ρfy
ω=
Check spacing: f c'
max s = 3t
ρ (276 )
0.06624=
max s = 3( 150) 20.7
max s¿ 450 mm> 150 mm ρ=0.004967< ρmin
∴ ok ! ∴Use ρ = 0.00507
A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(124)

A s=628.68 mm2
2. Discontinuous Edge
Using 12 mm Ф bar
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is
only 1/3 of midspan) A1 ×1000
S=
As
S=3(200)
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) π (12)2
× 1000
4
Check spacing: S=
628.68
59 | P a g e
S=179.89 a=9.86 mm
Say S=150 mmO . C . a=βc
Check spacing : 9.86=0.85 c
max s = 2t c=11.6
max s = 2( 150) Check strain

max s¿ 300 mm>150 mm ∈ t 0.003

=
d−c c
∴ ok !
∈t 0.003
=
124−11.6 11.6
ϵt =0.0291>0.00138
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
∴ assumptions are correct
Assume steel yields:
Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b
628.68(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)

60 | P a g e
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Analayzing frame at critical section using MDM

FOR DEADLOAD BEAM = 300 X 400

3
Data: b d 3 ( 450 ) ( 450 )
Icolumn= = = 3417187500mm4
Ec = 4700√ f c ' = 4700√ 20.7 12 12
3
Ec = 21383.71 Mpa b d 3 ( 300 )( 400 )
Ibeam= = = 1600000000mm4
Weight of the walls at the top of the beam: 12 12

BEAMCH = BEAMHG = 2.63(3.2) = 8.416 Kn/m SOLVE FOR K:

BEAMDE = BEAMEF = 2.63(1) = 2.63 Kn/m
I ( 3417187500 )
KAK = = =¿1067871.094
Selfweight of the beam: L 3200
(.3)(.4)(23.54) =2.8248 Kn/m I ( 1600000000 )
KAB = = =320000
COLUMN = 450 X 450 L 5000

61 | P a g e
 I ( ( 3417187500 ) ) I ( 1600000000 )
KBI = = =1067871.094 KHG = = =320000
L 3200 L 5000

I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KBC = = =320000 KHC = = =¿1067871.094
L 5000 L 3200

I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KCB = = =320000 KHO = = =¿949218.75
L 5000 L 3600
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 1600000000 )
KCH = = =¿1067871.094 KHI = = =320000
L 3200 L 5000
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 1600000000 )
KCD = = =320000 KIH = = =320000
L 5000 L 5000
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KDC = = =320000 KIB = = =¿1067871.094
L 5000 L 3200
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KDG = = =¿1067871.094 KIN = = =¿949218.75
L 3200 L 3600
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 1600000000 )
KDE = = =320000 KIJ = = =666666.6667
L 5000 L 2400
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 1600000000 )
KED = = =320000 KJI = = =666666.6667
L 5000 L 2400
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KEF = = =¿1067871.094 KJM = = =¿949218.75
L 3200 L 3600
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 1600000000 )
KFE = = =¿1067871.094 KJK = = =615384.6154
L 3200 L 2600
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 1600000000 )
KFQ = = =¿949218.75 KKJ = = =615384.6154
L 3600 L 2600
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KFG = = =320000 KKA = = =¿1067871.094
L 5000 L 3200
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KGF = = =320000 KKL = = =¿949218.75
L 5000 L 3600
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KGD = = =¿1067871.094 KLK = = =¿949218.75
L 3200 L 3600
I ( 3417187500 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KGP = = =¿949218.75 KMJ = = =¿949218.75
L 3600 L 3600
I ( 1600000000 ) I ( 3417187500 )
KGH = = =320000 KNI = = =¿949218.75
L 5000 L 3600

62 | P a g e
 I ( 3417187500 ) ( 8.001 X 2.6 ) ( 2.575 ) 2.575 2
KOH =
L
=
3600
=¿949218.75 Beam KJ =
6 ( 3− )
2.6
+10.188=46.2433

I ( 3417187500 ) −( 46.24333167 ) ( 2.6 )2

KPG = = =¿949218.75 FEM KJ = =−26.05041018
L 3600 12
I ( 3417187500 ) FEM AK =O
KQF = = =¿949218.75
L 3600
FEM BI =O
FEM CH =O
SOLVE FOR FEM:
FEM DG=O
2 2
5 ( 16.015 ) ( 5 ) ( 2.8248 )( 5 )
FEM AB = + FEM EF=O
=−26.73786458
96 12
FEM BA=26.73786458 FEM FE=O
FEM FQ=O
5 ( 16.015 ) ( 5 )2 ( 2.8248 ) ( 5 )2
FEM BC = + =−26.73786458
96 12 FEM GD =O
FEM CB =26.73786458 FEM GP =O
5 ( 16.015 )( 5 )2 ( 2.8248 )( 5 )2 FEM HC =O
FEM CD = + =−26.73786458
96 12
FEM HO=O
FEM DC =26.73786458
FEM IB=O
2 2
5 ( 16.015 )( 5 ) ( 2.8248 )( 5 )
FEM DE= + FEM ¿ =O
=−26.73786458
96 12
FEM JM =O
FEM DE=26.73786458
FEM KA =O
5 ( 41.905 ) (5 )2 (10.1888 )( 5 )2
FEM GF = + =−75.79046875
FEM KL=O
96 12
FEM FG=75.79046875 FEM LK =O

5 ( 41.905 ) ( 5 )2 ( 10.1888 ) (5 )2 FEM MJ =O

FEM HG= + =−75.79046875
96 12 FEM ¿ =O
FEM GH =75.79046875 FEM OH =O
5 ( 41.905 ) ( 5 )2 ( 10.1888 )( 5 )2 FEM PG=O
FEM IH = + =−75.79046875
96 12
FEM QF =O
FEM HI =75.79046875
FEM KL=O
2
−( 10.188 ) ( 2.4 )
FEM JI = =−4.890624
12
FEM IJ=4.890624
Convert trapezoidal loading to rectangular:
63 | P a g e
64 | P a g e
FOR LIVELOAD I ( 3417187500 )
KDG = = =¿1067871.094
Data: L 3200

Ec = 4700√ f c ' = 4700√ 20.7 I ( 1600000000 )

KDE = = =320000
L 5000
Ec = 21383.71 Mpa
I ( 1600000000 )
Weight of the walls at the top of the beam: KED = = =320000
L 5000
BEAMCH = BEAMHG = 2.63(3.2) = 8.416 Kn/m I ( 3417187500 )
KEF = = =¿1067871.094
BEAMDE = BEAMEF = 2.63(1) = 2.63 Kn/m L 3200
Selfweight of the beam: I ( 3417187500 )
KFE = = =¿1067871.094
(.3)(.4)(23.54) =2.8248 Kn/m
L 3200

COLUMN = 450 X 450 I ( 3417187500 )

KFQ = = =¿949218.75
L 3600
BEAM = 300 X 400
3
I ( 1600000000 )
b d 3 ( 450 ) ( 450 ) KFG =
L
=
5000
=320000
Icolumn= = = 3417187500mm4
12 12
I ( 1600000000 )
3
KGF = = =320000
3
b d ( 300 )( 400 ) L 5000
Ibeam= = = 1600000000mm4
12 12 I ( 3417187500 )
KGD = = =¿1067871.094
L 3200
SOLVE FOR K:
I ( 3417187500 )
I ( 3417187500 ) KGP = = =¿949218.75
KAK = = =¿1067871.094 L 3600
L 3200
I ( 1600000000 )
I ( 1600000000 ) KGH = = =320000
KAB = = =320000 L 5000
L 5000
I ( 1600000000 )
I ( ( 3417187500 ) ) KHG = = =320000
KBI = = =1067871.094 L 5000
L 3200
I ( 3417187500 )
I ( 1600000000 ) KHC = = =¿1067871.094
KBC = = =320000 L 3200
L 5000
I ( 3417187500 )
I ( 1600000000 ) KHO = = =¿949218.75
KCB = = =320000 L 3600
L 5000
I ( 1600000000 )
I ( 3417187500 ) KHI = = =320000
KCH = = =¿1067871.094 L 5000
L 3200
I ( 1600000000 )
I ( 1600000000 ) KIH = = =320000
KCD = = =320000 L 5000
L 5000
I ( 3417187500 )
I ( 1600000000 ) KIB = = =¿1067871.094
KDC = = =320000 L 3200
L 5000

65 | P a g e
 I ( 3417187500 ) 5 ( 2.9∗5 ) ( 5 )2
KIN = = =¿949218.75 FEM BC = =−18.88020833
L 3600 96
I ( 1600000000 ) FEM CB =18.88020833
KIJ = = =666666.6667
L 2400
5 ( 2.9∗5 )( 5 )2
FEM CD = =−18.88020833
I ( 1600000000 ) 96
KJI = = =666666.6667
L 2400
FEM DC =18.88020833
I ( 3417187500 )
KJM = = =¿949218.75 5 ( 2.9∗5 )( 5 )2
L 3600 FEM DE= =−18.88020833
96
I ( 1600000000 )
KJK = = =615384.6154 FEM DE=18.88020833
L 2600
I ( 1600000000 ) 5 ( 3.8∗5 ) ( 5 )2
KKJ = = =615384.6154 FEM GF = =−24.73958333
L 2600 96

I ( 3417187500 ) FEM FG=24.73958333

KKA = = =¿1067871.094
L 3200 5 ( 3.8∗5 )( 5 )2
FEM HG= =−24.73958333
I ( 3417187500 ) 96
KKL = = =¿949218.75
L 3600 FEM GH =24.73958333
I ( 3417187500 ) 5 ( 3.8∗5 ) ( 5 )2
KLK = = =¿949218.75
L 3600 FEM IH = =−24.73958333
96
I ( 3417187500 ) FEM HI =24.73958333
KMJ = = =¿949218.75
L 3600
I ( 3417187500 )
KNI = = =¿949218.75 Convert trapezoidal loading to rectangular:
L 3600
( 2.4 X 2.6 )( 2.575 ) 2.575 2
I ( 3417187500 )
KOH = =
L 3600
=¿949218.75 Beam KJ =
6 ( 3−
2.6 ) =10.8152476 Kn/m

I ( 3417187500 ) −( 10.8152476 )( 2.6 )2

KPG = = =¿949218.75 FEM KJ = =−6.092589479
L 3600 12
FEM JK=6.092589479
I ( 3417187500 )
KQF = = =¿949218.75
L 3600 FEM AK =O
FEM BI =O
SOLVE FOR FEM: FEM CH =O
5 ( 2.9∗5 )( 5 )2 FEM DG=O
FEM AB = =−18.88020833
96
FEM EF=O
FEM BA=18.88020833
FEM FE=O

66 | P a g e
FEM FQ=O
FEM GD =O
FEM GP =O
FEM HC =O
FEM HO=O
FEM IB=O
FEM ¿ =O
FEM JM =O
FEM KA =O
FEM KL=O
FEM LK =O
FEM MJ =O
FEM ¿ =O
FEM OH =O
FEM PG=O
FEM QF =O
FEM KL=O
FEM JI =0
FEM IJ =0

67 | P a g e
FOR WINDLOAD ( 450 ) ( 450 )3
I= =3417187500
Case-I 12
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71) ( 3417187500 )
FEM BI = =42.8157
(3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM IB= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
6 (21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
(12.62 ) ( 3.2 )2 FEM CH = =42.8157
FEM KA = =−10.769 (3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
12
FEM AK =10.769 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM HC = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
( 12.62 ) ( 3 )2
FEM LK = =−9.465 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
12 FEM DG= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
FEM KL=9.465
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
( 10.005 )( 3.2 )2 FEM GD = =42.8157
FEM FE= =−8.5376 ( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
12
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM EF=8.5376 FEM EF= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
( 10.005 )( 3 )2
FEM QF = =−7.50375 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
12 FEM FE= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
FEM FQ=7.50375

Case-II

∑ F H =0 →+ ¿
6 EI
FEM = 2
L H 1 + H 2+ H 3+ H 4 + H 5=( 12.62 ) ( 3.2 )+ (10.005 )( 3.2 )

E=21,383.71
68 | P a g e
H 1 + H 2+ H 3+ H 4 + H 5=67.875( Eq .1)

∑ M A =0

M AK + M KA +12.62 (3.2 ) ( 3.22 )=H ( 3.2)

1
M CH + M HC +¿ H 3 ( 3.2 )

M CH + M HC
M AK + M KA +64.6144 H 3=
H 1= 3.2
3.2

∑ M B=0
∑ M D=0

M BI + M IB + ¿ H 2 ( 3.2 )
M DG + M GD + ¿ H 4 ( 3.2 )
M BI + M IB
H 2= M DG + M GD
3.2 H4=
3.2

∑ M C =0 ∑ M E=0

69 | P a g e
 6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71) ( 3417187500 )
FEM BI = =42.8157
(3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM IB= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
6 (21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
3.2 FEM CH = =42.8157
M EF + M FE +10.005(3.2)
2 ( )
=H 5 ( 3.2 ) (3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
M EF + M FE +51.2256 FEM HC = =42.8157
H 5= ( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
3.2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
SUBSTITUTE TO EQUATION-1: FEM DG= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
H 1 + H 2+ H 3+ H 4 + H 5=72.4
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM
M AK + M KA + 64.6144 M BI + M IB M CH + M HC M DG + M GD M EF + M
GD = =42.8157
FE +51.2256
2 2
+ + + + ( 3200 ) ( 1000 ) =72.4
3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM
M AK + M KA + M BI + M IB + M CH + M HC + M DG + M GD + M EF + MEF = =42.8157
FE =36.2(3)
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
M AK + M KA + M BI + M IB + M CH + M HC + M DG + M GD + M EF + M FE =115.84
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM FE= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
Case-III 6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM LK = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM KL= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM MJ = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM JM = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2

6 EI
FEM = 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
L2 FEM ¿ = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
E=21,383.71
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
( 450 ) ( 450 )3 FEM ¿ = =−42.8157
I= =3417187500 ( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
12
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 ) 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157 FEM OH = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 ( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
70 | P a g e
 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM HO= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM PG= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM GP = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM QF = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM FQ=
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
=−42.8157 M KL + M LK +6.4993 ( 3.6 ) ( 3.62 )=H (3 )
6

M KL + M LK + 42.115
H 6=
3.6

∑ M J =0

∑ F H =0 →+ ¿
H 6 + H 7 + H 8 + H 9 + H 10 + H 11=( 12.62 ) ( 6.2 ) + ( 10.005 )( 6.2 )

H 6 + H 7 + H 8 + H 9 + H 10+ H 11=69.5229( Eq.1)

M JM + M MJ +¿ H 7 ( 3 )

M JM + M MJ
∑ M K=0 H 7=
3

∑ M I =0

71 | P a g e
 M GP+ M PG
H 10=
3.6

∑ M F=0

M ¿ + M ¿ +¿ H 8 ( 3.6 )

M ¿+ M ¿
H 8=
3.6

∑ M H =0 M KL + M LK +10.005 ( 3.6 ) ( 3.62 )=H 11 ( 3.6 )

M KL+ M LK +64.8324
H 11 =
3.6

SUBSTITUTE TO EQUATION-1:

H 6 + H 7 + H 8 + H 9 + H 10 + H 11=69.5229

M KL + M LK + 56.79 M JM + M MJ M ¿ + M ¿ M HO + M OH M G
M HO + M OH +¿ H 9 ( 3.6 ) + + + +
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
M HO + M OH
H 9= M KL + M LK + M JM + M MJ + M ¿ + M ¿ + M HO+ M OH + M GP + M PG +
3.6

∑ M G =0

M GP + M PG +¿ H 10 ( 3.6 )

72 | P a g e
FOR SEISMICLOAD 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM DG= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM GD = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM EF= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM FE= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2

Case-I

6 EI
FEM = E=21,383.71
( L )2
( 450 ) ( 450 )3 ∑ F H =0 →+ ¿
I= =3417187500
12
H 1 + H 2+ H 3+ H 4 + H 5=245.546( Eq.1)
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 ∑ M A =0
6 ( 21,383.71) ( 3417187500 )
FEM BI = =42.8157
(3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM IB= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
6 (21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM CH = =42.8157
(3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 ) M AK + M KA =H 1 ( 3.2 )
FEM HC = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
73 | P a g e
 M AK + M KA
H 1=
3.2

∑ M B=0

M DG + M GD + ¿ H 4 ( 3.2 )

M DG + M GD
H4=
3.2

M BI + M IB + ¿ H 2 ( 3.2 )

M BI + M IB ∑ M E=0
H 2=
3.2

∑ M C =0

M EF + M FE ( 3.2 )

M EF + M FE
H 5=
3.2
SUBSTITUTE TO EQUATION-1:

H 1 + H 2+ H 3+ H 4 + H 5=245.546

M AK + M KA M BI + M IB M CH + M HC M DG + M GD M EF + M
+ + + +
3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
M AK + M KA + M BI + M IB + M CH + M HC + M DG + M GD + M EF + M FE

M CH + M HC +¿ H 3 ( 3.2 )

M CH + M HC
H 3=
3.2
Case-II

∑ M D=0
74 | P a g e
 6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM LK = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM KL= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM MJ = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM JM = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 EI
FEM =
L2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
E=21,383.71 FEM ¿ = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
( 450 ) ( 450 )3
I= =3417187500 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
12 FEM ¿ = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 FEM OH = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM AK = =42.8157 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 FEM HO= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71) ( 3417187500 )
FEM BI = =42.8157 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
(3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 FEM PG= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM IB= =42.8157 6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2 FEM GP = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 (21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM CH = =42.8157 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
(3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 FEM QF = =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM HC = =42.8157 6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2 FEM FQ= =−42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM DG= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) ( 3417187500 )
FEM GD = =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 ) (3417187500 )
FEM EF= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 (1000 )2
6 ( 21,383.71 )( 3417187500 )
FEM FE= =42.8157
( 3200 )2 ( 1000 )2

75 | P a g e
 M JM + M MJ +¿ H 7 ( 3.6 )

M JM + M MJ
H 7=
3.6
∑ F H =0 →+ ¿
H 6 + H 7 + H 8 + H 9 + H 10+ H 11=156.91(Eq .1) ∑ M I =0

∑ M K=0
M ¿ + M ¿ +¿ H 8 ( 3.6 )

M ¿+ M ¿
H 8=
3.6

∑ M H =0

M KL + M LK + ( 3.6 )

M KL + M LK
H 6=
3.6

∑ M J =0 M HO + M OH +¿ H 9 ( 3.6 )

M HO + M OH
H 9=
3.6

76 | P a g e
∑ M G =0

M GP + M PG +¿ H 10 ( 3.6 )

M GP+ M PG
H 10=
3.6

∑ M F=0

M KL + M LK=H 11 ( 3.6 )
M KL+ M LK
H 11 =
3.6

SUBSTITUTE TO EQUATION-1:

H 6 + H 7 + H 8 + H 9 + H 10+ H 11=156.91

M KL + M LK M JM + M MJ M ¿ + M ¿ M HO + M OH M GP + M PG M KL + M LK
+ + + + + =156.91
3 3 3 3 3 3
M KL + M LK + M JM + M MJ + M ¿ + M ¿ + M HO+ M OH + M GP + M PG + M KL+ M LK =156.91(3.6)

77 | P a g e
DESIGN OF BEAM(RoofDeck)

BEAM A-B

BEAM D-E

BEAM B-C

BEAM C-D

FACTORED LOAD: (1.2DL + 1.6LL)

78 | P a g e
(UNIFORM LOAD)

Kn Kn INTERNAL MOMENT:
(
DL Beam=1.2 2.8248
m )
=3.38976
m
(TRIANGULAR LOAD)
Mu=0.9 ( 0.85 ) fc ' ( ab ) d−( a2 )
Kn 141.93
[
DL=1.2 3.203 ( 5 )
m ] Mu=0.9 ( 0.85 ) 20.7 ( 141.93 x 300 ) 390− ( 2 )
Kn Mu=210.112 Kn−m>170.152 Kn−m
[
¿=1.6 2.9 ( 5 )
m ] ∴ SAFE !
W t =42.018 Kn/m
EXTERNAL MOMENT: STEEL REINFORCEMENTS:
Mu support =83.7 Kn−m Top Bars at Support(at both end continuous)
Mu support =75.5 Kn−m Mu=0.9 ( b ) ( d )2 ( Rn )
Mu midspan=170.152 Kn−m ( 75.5 ) ( 1000 )2=0.9 ( 300 ) ( 390 )2 ( Rn )
Rn=1.85
Try: b = 300 mm Rn=fc ' ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω )
d = 390 mm 1.85=20.7 ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω )
t = 450 mm ω=0.0947
0.3643 ( 20.7 ) ( 0.85 ) fy
ρmax = =0.0232 ω=ρ
276 fc '
fc ' 20.7
ρmin = √ = √ =0.0041 0.0947=ρ
276
4 fy 4 (276) 20.7
But not less than, ρ=0.0071025> ρmin =0.0051
1.4 1.4 ∴ Use ρ=0.0071025
ρmin = = =0.0051
fy (276)
As=0.0071025 ( 300 ) (390)
Use ρmax =0.0232
As=830.9925mm 2
As
ρ= Try 20 mm ∅ ¯¿
bd
As= ρbd=0.0232 ( 300 ) ( 390 ) n=2.645 say 3 pcs
∴ Use3−20 mm ∅ ¯¿
As=2714.4 mm2
Asfy 2714.4 ( 276 )
a= = =141.93 mm
0.85 fc ' b 0.85 ( 20.7 ) 300 Spacing:

c=166.96 mm ⌊ 300−( 20 ) 3−2 ( 40 ) ⌋

S=
2
79 | P a g e
S=80 mm>20 mm
∴ SAFE ! Top Bars at Support(at one end continuous)
2
Mu=0.9 ( b ) ( d ) Rn
CHECK: 83.7 ( 1000 )2=0.9 ( 300 )( 390 )2 Rn
Assume steel yields Rn=2.044
2
π (20 ) Rn=fc ' ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω )
As= x 3=942.48 mm2
4
2.044=20.7 ( ω )( 1−.59 ω )
942.48(276)
a= =49.28 mm ω=0.1053
(.85 )( 20.7 )( 300 )
c=57.98 mm fy
ω=ρ
fc '
276
ε y= =0.00138 276
200000 0.1053=ρ
20.7
εt 0.003
= ρ=0.007898> ρmin =0.0051
390−57.98 57.98
ε t=0.017 >0.00138 ∴ Use ρ=0.007898
As=0.007898 ( 300 ) (390)
∴ assumptionis correct !
∴ tension stage use ∅=0.9 As=924.01mm2
Try 20 mm ∅ ¯¿

Nominal Moments: n=2.94 say 3 pcs

Concrete: ∴ Use3−20 mm ∅ ¯¿

( a2 )
Mn=0.85 ( fc ' )( ab ) d−
Spacing:

49.28 ⌊ 300−( 20 ) 3−2 ( 40 ) ⌋

(
Mn=0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 49.28 x 300 ) 390−
2 ) S=
2
Mn=95.04 Kn−m S=80 mm>20 mm

Ultimate Moments: ∴ SAFE !

∅=0.9
Mu=0.9 Mn CHECK:

Mu=0.9 ( 95.04 )=85.536 Kn−m Assume steel yields

Mu=85.536 Kn−m>75.5 Kn−m π (20 )2

As= x 3=942.48 mm2
4
942.48(276)
∴ SAFE ! a= =49.28 mm
(.85 )( 20.7 )( 300 )
80 | P a g e
c=57.98 mm 276
0.23186=ρ
20.7
276
ε y= =0.00138
200000 ρ=0.01739> ρmin =0.0051
εt 0.003 ∴ Use ρ=0.01739
=
390−57.98 57.98
As=0.01739 ( 300 ) (390)
ε t=0.017 >0.00138
As=2034.63 mm 2
∴ assumptionis correct !
Try 25 mm ∅ ¯¿
∴ tension stage use ∅=0.9
n=4.145 say 5 pcs
∴ Use5−25 mm ∅ ¯¿
Nominal Moments:
Concrete:
Spacing:

( a2 )
Mn=0.85 ( fc ' )( ab ) d−
S=
⌊ 300−( 25 ) 5−2 ( 40 ) ⌋
4
49.28
(
Mn=0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 49.28 x 300 ) 390−
2 ) S=23.75 mm>20 mm
∴ SAFE !
Mn=95.04 Kn−m
Ultimate Moments:
CHECK:
∅=0.9
Assume steel yields
Mu=0.9 Mn
π (25 )2
Mu=0.9 ( 95.04 )=85.536 Kn−m As= x 5=2454.37 mm2
4
Mu=85.536 Kn−m>83.7 Kn−m 2454.37(276)
a= =128.33 mm
∴ SAFE ! (.85 )( 20.7 )( 300 )
Bottom Bars at Midspan c=150.98 mm
2
Mu=0.9 ( b ) ( d ) Rn 276
ε y= =0.00138
200000
170.152 (1000 )2=0.9 ( 300 )( 390 )2 Rn
εt 0.003
Rn=4.143 =
390−150.98 57.98
Rn=fc ' ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω ) ε t=0.00479> 0.00138
4.143=20.7 ( ω )( 1−.59 ω ) ∴ assumptionis correct !
ω=0.23186 ∴ transition stage
fy
ω=ρ ( ε t−0.002 )
fc ' ∅=0.65+0.25 x
( 0.005−0.002 )

81 | P a g e
 ( 0.00479−0.002 ) Asmin .of stirrups =0.062 √ 20.7=0.2821
∅=0.65+0.25 x
( 0.005−0.002 )
Use 10 mm ∅ bar
∅=0.8825
π ( 10 )2
A 4
S= b = =278.41 mm
Nominal Moments: A s 0.2821

Concrete: Max . S=d /2=390 /2=195 mm

a ∴ Use10 mm ∅ stirrups @195 mm O .C

( )
Mn=0.85 ( fc ' )( ab ) d−
2

128.33
Mn=0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 128.33 x 300 ) 390−( 2 )
Mn=220.72 Kn−m

Ultimate Moments:
∅=0.8825
Mu=0.8825 Mn
Mu=0.8825 ( 220.72 )
Mu=194.78 Kn−m> 176.54 Kn−m
∴ SAFE !

DESIGN OF STIRRUPS:
Use 10 mm ∅ ¯¿
Vu = Max reaction at support

Vu=63.47935−73.41976 (.39 )
Vu=34.846 Kn
Vc=0.17 √ fc ' λbwd
Vc=0.17 √ 20.7 ( 1 )( 300 ) ( 390 )
Vc=90.49 Kn
∅ Vc=0.75 ( 90.49 )=67.8675 Kn

( 12 ) ∅ Vc=( 12 )(0.75)(90.49)=33.934 Kn
1
Vu>( ) ∅ Vc
2
82 | P a g e
BEAM DETAILS:

83 | P a g e
BEAM K-J ws
W ¿= (3−M )2
6
2
( 6.24 ) ( 2.4 ) 2.4
W ¿=
6 (3−
2.6 )
W ¿ =10.77
W u =1.2 ( 35.89 ) +1.6 ( 10.77 )
W u =60.3 Kn/m
Total W u=72.53 Kn/ m

EXTERNAL MOMENT:
Mu support =39.59 Kn−m
Mu support =42.38 Kn−m
Mu midspan=20.3 Kn−m

Try: b = 300 mm
d = 340 mm
t = 400 mm

0.3643 ( 20.7 ) ( 0.85 )

ρmax = =0.0232
FACTORED LOAD: (1.2DL + 1.6LL) 276
fc ' 20.7
ρmin = √ = √
(UNIFORM LOAD)
=0.0041
4 fy 4 (276)
Kn Kn
(
DL=1.2 10.188
m )
=12.23
m But not less than,

(TRAPEZOIDAL LOADING) 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = =0.0051
fy (276)
DL=20.8 Kn/ m
Use ρmax =0.0232
¿=6.24 Kn/m
As
Convert trapezoidal loading to uniform: ρ=
bd
ws
W DL = ( 3− M )2 As= ρbd=0.0232 ( 300 ) ( 340 )
6
( 20.8 ) ( 2.4 ) 2.4 2 As=2366.4 mm2
W DL =
6 ( 3−
2.6 ) a=
Asfy
=
2366.4 ( 276 )
=123.73 mm
W DL =35.89 0.85 fc ' b 0.85 ( 20.7 ) 300
c=145.56 mm

84 | P a g e
 S=86 mm>20 mm
INTERNAL MOMENT: ∴ SAFE !

( a2 )
Mu=0.9 ( 0.85 ) fc ' ( ab ) d−
CHECK:
123.73
Mu=0.9 ( 0.85 ) 20.7 ( 123.73 x 300 ) 340− ( 2 ) Assume steel yields

π (16 )2
Mu=163.49 Kn−m> 19.6563 Kn−m As= x 3=603.186 mm2
4
∴ SAFE ! 603.186(276)
a= =31.539 mm
(.85 )( 20.7 )( 300 )
STEEL REINFORCEMENTS: c=37.1 mm
Top Bars at Support(at both end continuous) 276
ε y= =0.00138
200000
Mu=0.9 ( b ) ( d )2 ( Rn )
εt 0.003
( 42.38 )( 1000 )2=0.9 ( 300 )( 340 )2 ( Rn ) =
340−37.1 37.1
Rn=1.346 ε t=0.02449> 0.00138
Rn=fc ' ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω ) ∴ assumptionis correct !
1.346=20.7 ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω ) ∴ tension stage use ∅=0.9
ω=0.0677
fy Nominal Moments:
ω=ρ
fc '
Concrete:
276
0.0677=ρ
20.7
ρ=0.005077> ρmin =0.0051
( a2 )
Mn=0.85 ( fc ' )( ab ) d−

31.539
∴ Use ρ=0.005077 (
Mn=0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 31.539 x 300 ) 340−
2 )
As=0.005077 ( 300 )(340)
Mn=353.977 Kn−m
2
As=517.91 mm Ultimate Moments:
Try 16 mm ∅ ¯¿ ∅=0.9
n=2.576 say 3 pcs Mu=0.9 Mn
∴ Use3−16 mm ∅ ¯¿ Mu=0.9 ( 53.977 )=48.579 Kn−m
Mu=48.579 Kn−m> 42.38 Kn−m
Spacing:

⌊ 300−( 16 ) 3−2 ( 40 ) ⌋ ∴ SAFE !

S=
2
85 | P a g e
 c=37.1 mm
Top Bars at Support(at one end continuous) 276
ε y= =0.00138
2 200000
Mu=0.9 ( b ) ( d ) Rn
εt 0.003
39.59 ( 1000 )2=0.9 ( 300 ) ( 340 )2 Rn =
340−37.1 37.1
Rn=1.27 ε t=0.02449> 0.00138
Rn=fc ' ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω ) ∴ assumptionis correct !
1.27=20.7 ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω ) ∴ tension stage use ∅=0.9
ω=0.06375 Nominal Moments:
fy Concrete:
ω=ρ
fc '

0.06375=ρ
276
20.7
Mn=0.85 ( fc ' )( ab ) d−( a2 )
31.539
ρ=0.00478> ρmin =0.0051 Mn=0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 31.539 x 300 ) 340−( 2 )
∴ Use ρ=0.0051
Mn=353.977 Kn−m
As=0.0051 ( 300 ) (340)
Ultimate Moments:
2
As=520.2 mm ∅=0.9
Try 16 mm ∅ ¯¿ Mu=0.9 Mn
n=2.587 say 3 pcs Mu=0.9 ( 53.977 )=48.579 Kn−m
∴ Use3−16 mm ∅ ¯¿
Mu=48.579 Kn−m>39.59 Kn−m

Spacing:
∴ SAFE !
⌊ 300−( 16 ) 3−2 ( 40 ) ⌋
S=
2
Bottom Bars at Midspan
S=86 mm>20 mm
Mu=0.9 ( b ) ( d )2 Rn
∴ SAFE !
2 2
20.3 ( 1000 ) =0.9 ( 300 ) ( 340 ) Rn

CHECK: Rn=0.6298

Assume steel yields Rn=fc ' ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω )

π (16 )2 0.6298=20.7 ( ω ) ( 1−.59 ω )

As= x 3=603.186 mm2
4 ω=0.03099
603.186(276) fy
a= =31.539 mm ω=ρ
(.85 )( 20.7 )( 300 ) fc '
86 | P a g e
 276
0.03099=ρ
20.7 ( a2 )
Mn=0.85 ( fc ' )( ab ) d−

ρ=0.00232> ρmin =0.0051 31.539

∴ Use ρ=0.0051
Mn=0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 31.539 x 300 ) 340−( 2 )
As=0.0051 ( 300 ) (340) Mn=353.977 Kn−m
Ultimate Moments:
As=520.2 mm2
Try 16 mm ∅ ¯¿ ∅=0.9

n=2.587 say 3 pcs Mu=0.9 Mn

∴ Use3−16 mm ∅ ¯¿ Mu=0.9 ( 53.977 )=48.579 Kn−m

Spacing: Mu=48.579 Kn−m>20.3 Kn−m

⌊ 300−( 16 ) 3−2 ( 40 ) ⌋
S=
2 ∴ SAFE !
S=86 mm>20 mm
∴ SAFE ! DESIGN OF STIRRUPS:
Use 10 mm ∅ ¯¿
CHECK: Vu = Max reaction at support
Assume steel yields Vu=95.198−72.53 ( .34 )
π (16 )2 Vu=70.54 Kn
As= x 3=603.186 mm2
4
Vc=0.17 √ fc ' λbwd
603.186(276)
a= =31.539 mm Vc=0.17 √ 20.7 ( 1 )( 300 ) ( 340 )
(.85 )( 20.7 )( 300 )
Vc=78.89 Kn
c=37.1 mm
∅ Vc=0.75 (78.89 )=59.17 Kn
276
ε y= =0.00138
200000 Vu>∅ Vc
εt 0.003 ∴ provide stirrups !
=
340−37.1 37.1 Vu
Vs= −Vc
ε t=0.02449> 0.00138 ∅

∴ assumptionis correct ! 70.54

Vs= −78.89=15.163 Kn
0.75
∴ tension stage use ∅=0.9
Check:

Vs ≤ 0.66 √ f c ' b w d =0.66 √ 20.7 ( 300 ) 340=306.29 Kn

Nominal Moments:
Theoritical spacingusing 10 mm ∅ :̄
Concrete:

87 | P a g e
 π (10 )2
x 2 x 276 x 340
Av ( fy ) d 4
S= = =972.126
Vs 15.163(1000)
ˇ . spacing:
Max
Vs ≤ 0.33 √ f c' bw d=0.33 √20.7(300)(340)=153.14

Vs<0.33 √ f c' bw d
d 340
Max . S= = =170 mm
2 2
∴ Use spacing=170 mm

88 | P a g e
BEAM DETAILS:

89 | P a g e
COLUMN DESIGN (ROOF DECK)

COLUMN GD Live Load:

TOTAL LOADINGS:  Slab=2.9 kPa

(ROOF DECK) P(Liveload) =72.5 KN

Deadload:

 Slab+Ceiling=3.203 kPa (2ND floor)

 Beam=2.8248 kPa
 Slab=3.8 kPa

P(slab+ceiling )=20.02 KN +20.02 KN +20.02 KN + 20.02 KN

P(Liveload) =95 KN

P(slab+ceiling )=80.08 KN

P(beam )=7.062 KN +7.062 KN + 7.062 KN +7.062 KN TOTAL P¿ =167.5 KN

P(beam )=28.248 KN

P(column)=15.254 KN
TOTAL LOADINGS:

Pu=1.2 ( 465.591 ) +1.6 ( 167.5 )

(2nd floor)
Pu=826.71 KN
Deadload:

 Slab+Ceiling=8.381 kPa
 Beam+ Partition=11.5328 kPa Max Moment:

Mu=54.43 KN −m

P(slab+ceiling )=52.38 KN +52.38 KN +52.38 KN +52.38 KN Pu

A g= '
∅ ( .80 ) ( .85 F c ( 1−P g ) + Fy ( P g ) )
P(slab+ceiling )=209.52 KN

P(beam )=28.832 KN +28.832 KN + 28.832 KN +28.832 Assume

KN ρg=0.02

826.71 ×1000
P(beam )=115.328 KN A g=
0.65 ( .80 ) ( .85 (20.7) ( 1−0.02 )+ 276 ( 0.02 ) )
P(column)=17.161 KN

A g=69842.285 m m2
TOTAL P DL=465.591 KN
c 2=69842.285 m m2
c=264.28mm say 450 mm

90 | P a g e
 .85 f c' ( b ) ( a ) .85 ( 20.7 )( 450 ) ( a )
C c= = =7.918 a kN
ASSUME: 1000 1000

 450mm x 450mm section of the tied

d=450−60=390
column 600 ( d )
C b= =267.12 mm
 20 mm diameter main bar 600+ fy
 12 mm diameter lateral ties
a=.85 Cb =227.05 mm

.85 f c' ( w )( a ) .85 ( 20.7 ) ( 450 ) ( 227.05 )

Pu=∅ ( .8 ) (.85 F c ' ( A g −A s ) + fy ( A s ) ) C c= = =1797.73 kN
1000 1000
Pu=.65 ( .8 ) ( .85 ( 20.7 ) ( 450 2−400 π ) +276 x 400 π )
π ( 202 )
As=2021.61 KN >826.71 KN ' '
C s '= A s f s =
2 ( 4 )
( 276 )
=173.41 kN
1000
∴ SAFE !
2
π ( 20 )

T = Asfy=
2(( 4 ) )
( 276 )
=173.41 kN
1000
Check for Balance
∑ Fv=0
M
e=
P T + P b=C c +C s '

54.43 Pb=C's +C c −T =1797.73+173.41−173.41

e= ( 1000 )=65.84 mm
826.71
Pb=1797.73 KN

∑ Ma=0

( a2 )+C ' (d−d )

Pb ( x )=C c d− s
'

227.05
1797.73 ( x )=1797.73 ( 390−
2 )
+173.41 ( 390−60 )

x=308.31 mm
w
(
e b=x− 390−
2 )
450
e b=308.31− 390−( 2 )
e b=143.31 m>e=65.84 mm
fs=f y '
91 | P a g e
 ∴ Compression Control! .003 ( c−60 )
ε s '=
c
.003 ( 165.05−60 )
Check for compression bars: ε s '=
165.05
600 ( d−c )
f s= ε s ' =0.00191>ε y =0.00138
c
T = Asfs ∴ compression yield
¯ !

600 ( 390−c )
T =628.32 [ c ] ∑ Fv=0
( 390−c ) T + P n=C 1+C 2
T =376.992 [ c ]
KN
Pn=C c +C s ' −T
.85 ( 20.7 )( 0.85 c ) ( 450 )
C c= =6.73 c KN ( 390−165.05 )
1000 Pn=6.73 ( 165.05 ) +173.41−76.992 [ 165.05 ]
Pn=1179.26 KN
Assume compression steel yield
∅=0.75
f s' =fy
Pu=∅ Pn=884.45 KN >826.71 KN
π ( 202 )
' '
C s '= A s f s =
2
4( ( 276 ) )
=173.41 kN
∴ SAFE !
1000

∑ Fv=0 884.45(65.84 mm)

M u=Pu e=
1000
T + P n=C 1+C 2
58.23 KN . m>54.43 KN . m
Pb=Cc +C s ' −T
∴ Safe !
( 390−c )
Pb=6.73 c+173.41−76.992 [ c ] eq.1

∑ M t =0
LATERAL TIES

( a2 )+C ' (d−d ) eq.2

Pb ( x )=C c d− s
'
Mainbar × 20=400 mm
Tiebar × 48=480 mm
a
P ( 225+e ) =C ( d− ) +C ' ( d−d ) '
b b
2 c s Least Dimension=300 mm

(Sub eq.1 to eq. 2) Use s=300 mm

C=165.05 mm 300
Spacing at Bottom Ties= =150 mm
2

92 | P a g e
 P(beam )=7.062 KN +7.062 KN + 7.062 KN +7.062 KN
∴USE 450 x 450mm COLUMN, 4-20mm P(beam )=28.248 KN
DIAMETER VERTICAL BAR & 10mm DIAMETER
LATERAL TIES @ 300mm O.C., 150mm O.C @ P(column)=15.254 KN
BOTTOM LATERAL TIE

(2nd floor)
COLUMN DETAIL:
Deadload:

 Slab+Ceiling=8.381 kPa
 Beam+ Partition=11.5328 kPa

P(slab+ceiling )=52.38 KN +52.38 KN +52.38 KN +52.38 KN

P(slab+ceiling )=209.52 KN

P(beam )=28.832 KN +28.832 KN + 28.832 KN +28.832 KN

P(beam )=115.328 KN

P(column)=17.161 KN

TOTAL P DL=465.591 KN
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

Design Constants:
(ROOF DECK)
Fc’=20.7 mPa
Live Load:
Fy=276 mPa

Soil pressure=75 kPa  Slab=2.9 kPa

Wt. of conc.=23.54 KN/m3 P(Liveload) =72.5 KN

Wt. of soil=15.6 KN/m3

(2ND floor)

Deadload:  Slab=3.8 kPa

 Slab+Ceiling=3.203 kPa P(Liveload) =95 KN

 Beam=2.8248 kPa

P(slab+ceiling )=20.02 KN +20.02 KN +20.02 KN + 20.02 TOTAL

KN P¿ =167.5 KN

P(slab+ceiling )=80.08 KN
TOTAL LOADINGS:
93 | P a g e
Pu=1.2 ( 465.591 ) +1.6 ( 167.5 )
Pu=826.71 KN

Clear cover = 75mm

Depth of footing = 600mm

Assume ,t=350 mm
Use 25 mm ∅ bar
BEAM SHEAR

Assume Effective d: V U =qu × x × L

d=350−100 V U =206.68 ×(1.0−0.25)× 2.0

d=250 mm V U =310.02 KN

Effective soil pressure: V U =ϕ 0.17 λ √ f c ' b w d

q eff =150−23.54 ( .4 )−15.6 ( .4 ) 310.02(1000)=0.75 × 0.17× 1× √ 20.7× 2000 ×d
¿ 134.344 kPa d=267.22mm
Area required:

Load
Bearing capacity=
Area
733.51 KN
A= =5.64 m 2
225 KPa

B2=3.26 m2
B=1.8 m say 2 m

TRY 2.0 m x 2.0 m PUNCHING SHEAR

826.71
Ultimate upward soil pressure q u= V U =[ ( L2−x 2 ) ](q u)
( 2.0 )2
V U =¿
kN
q u=206.68 2
m V U =725.45 KN

94 | P a g e
V U =ϕ 0.33 λ √ f c' bo d

b o=4 ( x )=4 x (.45+ d)=4 (.45+d ) ω=

√
1− 1−2.36 ( Rnfc' )
1.18
725.45(1000)=.75 ( 0.33 ) √ 20.7 [ 4 ( .45+d ) ] d
d=401.1 mm
ω=
√
1− 1−2.36 ( 0.269
20.7 )
1.18

25 ω=0.0131
d=300−25−75−
2 fc '
ρ=ω
d=187.5mm< 401.1 mm fy

∴ Use d=401.1 say 425 mm 20.7

ρ=(0.0131)
276
ρ=.0009822

ˇ ρmin
for
USE 2.0m X 2.0m X 0.3m square footing
√ f c ' √ 20.7
REINFORCEMENT ρmin = = = 0.00412
4 Fy 4 (276)
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = =.00507
Fy 276
∴ use ρ=.00507

Areaof Steel
A s=ρbd
x
M u=qu × x × L × As=.00507 ( 2000 ) ( 425 )
2
1.0−0.35 As=4309.5 mm 2
M u=206.68 ×1.0−0.35 ×2.0 ×
2
TRY 20 mm ∅ bar
¿ 87.32 KN −m
As
n=
M u=∅ b d 2 Rn A 16

0.9(2000) ( 425 )2 Rn=87.32 ( 1000 )2 5386.87

n=
π
( 20 )2
4
Rn=0.269 n=13.72≈ 14 pcs

95 | P a g e
  USE 18– 20 mm DIAMETER BAR
BOTHWAYS

FOOTING DETAIL

96 | P a g e
97 | P a g e