RIAN KHALED ALLAN ALSHARIF

TP040174
UC1F1601ME
Engineering materials Impact test Lab report
Lecturer: Mr Brian Lim
Table of content
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Objective...............................................................................................................................................3
Apparatus Used.....................................................................................................................................4
Specimen...........................................................................................................................................5
PROCEDURE...........................................................................................................................................6
FORMULA..............................................................................................................................................7
DATASHEET............................................................................................................................................8
Test Specimen Dimensions................................................................................................................8
Energy Absorbed by Specimen..........................................................................................................8
Analysis of Data.....................................................................................................................................9
Comparison chart..............................................................................................................................9
Copper.........................................................................................................................................10
Brass............................................................................................................................................10
Steel.............................................................................................................................................11
Aluminum....................................................................................................................................11
Discussion............................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................13
References...........................................................................................................................................14

Figure 1 impact testing machine............................................................................................................4

Figure 2 Micro meter screw gauge........................................................................................................5
Figure 3 steel.........................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4 copper......................................................................................................................................5
Figure 5 aluminum.................................................................................................................................6
Figure 6 brass........................................................................................................................................6
Figure 7copper after impact................................................................................................................10
Figure 8 brass after impact..................................................................................................................10
Figure 9 mild steel after impact...........................................................................................................11
Figure 10 aluminum after impact........................................................................................................11
Figure 11graph of temperature against impact...................................................................................12
Y

Table 1...................................................................................................................................................8
Table 2...................................................................................................................................................8
Table 3...................................................................................................................................................9
Introduction

To decide the total energy that a material absorbing when it is getting fractured, an
institutionalized excessive strain-rate test is taken which is widely known as Charpy impact
test or is also called Charpy V-notch test. The Charpy test determines whether a metal is
brittle or ductile.

How a material’s ability to get cut and how though it is against getting slit is the measuring of
absorbing energy in that specific material. This toughness is a method to analyze and research
how the ductile or brittle transition is dependent on the temperature.

The history of this goes back to 1900 times where two people named Georges Charpy and
S.B Russell establish and developed this test. Later this test was solely named after Charpy as
he was the person who put in so much effort to improve and make it higher rated. This test
had a key and important role in comprehending the fracture issues and obstacles of ships
during the Second World War.

In today’s world the Charpy testing is extensively used in industries as it is very simple and
smooth to get ready and do the test and the outcome is fast and efficient. Numerous industries
use this testing to determine the strength and toughness of materials, for instant the
manufacturing of pressure vessels and bridges to state and examine how tornados or storms
are going to have an impact on the used materials.

The tougher the material is the more energy is needed to break is. Mostly toughness is
classified as a measurement method to see how much energy is required for one specific
material like a test piece, a bridge or pressure vessel, to break and fail.

The range under stress/strain made from tensile test is a way to measure the toughness of the
specimen. But, in this test we are observing the notch toughness, a way to measure a metal’s
ability to resistance to getting fractured or brittle in various presences like flaw or quick
stacking conditions.

Objective
Objective of this experiment is to observe and evaluate the impact resistance for various specimen
that are given to us to test their toughness and analyze our observations.
Apparatus Used

Figure impact testing machine

Labelling :

A. Pendulum Hammer
B. Pointer
C. Safety Grid
D. Base
E. Release Handle
F. Degree Scale G. Brake Handle
H. Charpy Vice & Charpy Knife
 Figure Micro meter screw gauge

Specimen

Figure steel

Figure copper
 Figure aluminum

Figure brass

PROCEDURE

1. Ensure that the knife and the test specimen holder are tightened properly.

2. Move the hammer up and lock it with the release lever. Ensure that the locking mechanism
is holding the hammer pendulum.

3. Measure and record the cross section area of the test specimen.

4. Place the test specimen onto the holder. Ensure that the test specimen is placed properly.

5. Set the pointer and record the degree pointed.

6. Release the pendulum by pushing the pendulum releasing lever locking mechanism to right
hand side.

7. The pendulum will then strike the test specimen. Allow the pendulum to swing freely for a
few cycles.

8. Once the pendulum slows down, stop it completely by using the braking mechanism.

9. Record the resultant energy from the energy scale.

10. Repeat the experiment by using different test specimens. (Optional: Prepare the
specimens at different temperature for the temperature effect on impact strength
investigation.)

11. Record the results.

FORMULA
Energy absorbed by broken test specimen, E = Potential Energy at 120° - Resultant energy

after impact

Impact Strength = A/E ………………………………….. (a)

A = cross sectional area of the test specimen

DATASHEET

Test Specimen Dimensions

Specimen Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Cross-sectional Area

(m2)
Aluminum 6.39 6.57 41.98 x 10 -5

Brass 6.37 6.40 40.77 x 10-5

Copper 6.38 6.35 40.51 x 10-5

Mild Steel 5.94 6.01 35.69 x 10-5

Table

Energy Absorbed by Specimen

Start Angle: 116

Initial Energy: 53.5173

No. Specimen Angle Final Energy Absorbed Impact Strength

Reading (J) Energy, E (J/m2)
After Impact (J) E/A
(°) Initial - Final
1 Aluminum 102 44.9426 8.5747 20.42 x103
2 Brass 100 43.6678 9.8495 24.15 x 103
3 Copper 19 2.0271 51.4901 127.10 x 103
4 Mild Steel 36 7.1059 46.4114 130.04 x 103
Table
Analysis of Data
Comparison chart

Impact strength x 103 (J/M2)

140
127.1 130.04

120

100

80

60

40
24.15
20.42
20

0
aluminum brass copper mild steel

Impact strength

Table

As it can be observed various kind of materials can have different properties and different
impacts upon them that can determine whether they are brittle or ductile. During the impact
testing experiment that was conducted it was observed that the higher the toughness of a
material , the higher energy will be absorbed when the impact is given to it which mean when
there is more energy absorbed by the specimen, the more tough that material is. The strength
of impact goes higher with toughness of the material. This means when a material has a high
impact strength, it can show and display a high plastic change in appearance without getting
fracture.