Objectives:

I. Develop understanding about the material self;  As children mature into teens, we see possessions
II. Describe the basic components of the material self; starting to act as a crutch for the self. Materialism
III. Discuss the influence of media in people’s acquisition peaked at middle adolescents, just when self-esteem
of material possessions; tended to be lowest.
IV. Develop qualities of a wise buyer.
 Our wanting to have and possess has a connection
with another aspect of the self. ADOLESCENCE
 THE MATERIAL SELF - Tangible objects, people or  Giving children and adolescents a sense of self-worth
places that carry the designation “my, mine”. and accomplishment is an effective antidote to the
 TWO CATEGORIES: development of materialism.
1. The Bodily Self  Hoarding Disorder is a persistent difficulty
2. Extracorporeal Self – extended self discarding or parting with possessions because of a
William James, 1908 perceived need to save them. A person with hording
disorder experiences distress at thought of getting rid
ARMS - BODILY SELF of the items.
LEGS - BODILY SELF ADULTHOOD
 As our lives unfold, our things embody our sense
CELLPHONES - EXTRACORPOREAL SELF of selfhood and identity still further; become
LAPTOPS - EXTRACORPOREAL SELF external receptacles for our memories, relationships
FATHER & MOTHER - EXTRACORPOREAL SELF and travels. Possessions are extensions of the physical
PAINTING - EXTRACORPOREAL SELF body and sense of self that reflects who a person is.
UNDERSTANDING
“We regard our possessions as part of ourselves. We THE SELF CAN BE
are what we have and possess.” - Russell Belk EXAMINED THROUGH
ITS DIFFERENT
Role/Function of Possessions - Levi-Strauss, 1965 COMPONENTS
Possessions do not just have value; they are not merely 1. Its constituents
economic commodities. They are also vehicles and 2. The feelings and
instruments for realities of another order: emotions they arouse –
• Influence self-feelings
• Power 3. The actions to which
• Sympathy they prompt –
• Social status self-seeking and
• Emotions self-preservation
William James,
 From early years to old age, possessions are symbols THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY 1908
of ourselves and of our identity. The constituents of
 Our relationship with stuffs start early. The idea that self are composed of
we can own something, possess it as a part of the:
ourselves is one that children grasp by the age of 1. MATERIAL
two. SELF
 CHILDHOOD - A comfort object or security blanket is 2. SOCIAL SELF
an item used to provide psychological comfort, 3. SPIRITUAL
especially in unusual or unique situations, or at SELF
bedtime for children. 4. PURE EGO

THE ENDOWNMENT EFFECT • The innermost part of

Jean Piaget - founding Father of Child Psychology our material self
 We value item much more highly just as soon as we • We invest in our body
own them. • We strive hard to make
sure that our body
functions well and good immediate family when we see them
• We do have preferential as the nearest replica of our self.
attachment or intimate IMMEDIATE
closeness to certain body FAMILY
parts because of its value to • The earliest nest of our
us. selfhood.
BODY • Our experiences inside
• An essential part of the the home were
material self recorded and marked
• “The Philosophy of Dress” on particular parts and
by Herman Lotze – any things in our home.
time we bring an object HOM
into the surface of our E
body, we invest that object An aging person would
into the consciousness of wish that whatever
our personal existence defines who she is, would
taking in its contours to be stay with her – photos,
our own and making it part jewelries, small
of the self. appliances.
CLOTHES Sentimentality, memories
• The fabric and style of the of friends and
clothes we wear bring experiences… photo
sensations to the body to albums give a sense of
which directly affect our continuity.
attitudes and behavior. LATER LIFE AND
• Clothing is a form of BEYOND The attachment to our
self-expression. things deepen with the
• We choose and wear passage of time. Older
clothes that reflect our self people don’t just form
(Watsons 2014). bonds with their specific
CLOTHES belongings, they seem to
• Our parents and siblings have affection for material
hold a great important things.
part of our self. As a person grows older…..
• What they do or become
affect us. CHAPTER 2 Lesson 9
• When an immediate SPIRITUAL SELF
family member dies, part DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
of our self dies too. College of Social Sciences & Philosophy
IMMEDIATE First Semester, A.Y. 2020 - 2021
FAMILY Prepared by: Joan Dale R. Flores, RPm
•When their lives are in success, we Learning Outcomes
feel their victories as if were the one AT THE END OF THE CHAPTER, YOU ARE ABLE
holding the trophy. TO:
•In their failures, we are put to shame 2
or guilt. • Demonstrate understanding of Spiritual self.
•When they are in disadvantage • Explain the importance of spirituality in one’s life
situation. There is an urgent urge to • Discuss how spirituality is connected to religion
help like a voluntary instinct of saving • Discuss how spirituality develops
one’s self from danger. • Understand the principle of logotherapy and meaning
•We place huge investment in our of life
Spirituality development.
Latin word spiritus which means breath or life force. 7
3 According to Rebecca Stein (2011), religion
• Spirituality can be understood as a search for the is a set of cultural beliefs and practices.
sacred, a process --
through which people seek to discover, hold on to, and It is an organized system of ideas about the
when necessary, spiritual sphere or supernatural.
transform whatever they hold sacred in their lives (Hill & Spirituality and Religion
Pargament, 8
2003). All religions recognize the importance of spirituality in
• It refers to finding meaning and purpose in one’s life, a one’s life. Spirituality is
search for connected with religion.
wholeness, and a relationship with a transcendent being To know God is the central function of religion.
(higher being). Religious beliefs and practices, such as prayers, can
Spirituality make people closer to God;
WORSHIP is regarded as an essential act to realize the find comfort, security and stability.
ultimate meaning of transcendence and human life. Spirituality and Religion
4 9
• Acts of worship may include prayer, reading the Bible, BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
attending RELIGION
sacraments, and doing sacrifices. Spirituality and Religion
• Through acts of faith, hope, and love, man is able to 10
encounter God and • belief in the anthropomorphic supernatural being
understand God’s word of salvation. • focus the sacred supernatural
The Spiritual Self • presence of supernatural power or energy is found on
According to the book The Principles of Psychology • supernatural beings as well as physical beings or
(1890) by William James, the spiritual self is the most objects
intimate, inner subjective part of self. • performance of ritual activities
It gives the satisfying experience of being able to argue • articulation of worldview and moral codes
and discriminate, have moral sensibility and • provide the creation and maintenance of social bonds
conscience, and the unconquerable will. and mechanism of
Moral sensibility and conscience is seen through the social control
expression of religion, beliefs, and practices. Religions
5 BUDDHISM
The Spiritual Self • life is unsatisfactory
The spiritual aspect of the self is the inner essence, the • When people suffer, they want to
part of the self that experience good and pleasant
connects the person to the sacred, the supernatural, and experience and avoid disappointments.
the universe. • The reactive cycle of craving and
It enables the person to experience a feeling of oneness aversion can be broken by practicing
with a higher being and ethics and meditation, and cultivating
the universe. wisdom.
The nurturing of the spiritual self also gives a deeper 11
purpose or meaning of Customs and Practices
one’s life. Two types of meditation practices
6 • Samatha - calm, concerntation, and
The Spiritual Self positive emotion practiced through
People develop spirituality through interaction, mindfulness of breathing and development
observation, and imitation. of loving kindness.
The family, school, and church play a very important • Vipassana – developing insight into reality;
role in the spiritual developing and cultivating wisdom happens
through the studying and reflecting the • Sawm – abstinence from food, drink, and
Dharma-Buddha’s teaching. sexual acts
Religions Religions
CHRISTIANITY JUDAISM
• God became fully present in the person • Believe to be descendants of the
of Jesus Christ. Semitic tribe from Canaan.
• Believes God as a trinity: Father, Son, • Early history was about the promise of
and Holy Spirit. God to Abraham.
• Eternal life after death can be achieved • The Torah , or Law, is their sacred
through faith in Jesus Christ. Scripture.
• Believes that Jesus Christ died on the • The integral part of Jewish life is the
cross to reconcile all humanity with study and interpretation of the Torah.
God. 15
12 Customs and Practices
Customs and Practices • Jewish Sabbath – begins on Friday evening
• Sacrament of Baptism - sharing in the at sunset
death and resurrection of Jesus • The New Year (Rosh Hashanah) – autumn
• Holy Communion – taking bread (body of • The day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) – most
Christ) and wine (blood of Christ) solemn day
• Christians pray, worship, and read and study • Passover (Pesach), Pentecost (Shavuot),
the Bible together, Tabernacles (Sukkot) – three pilgrim
Religions festivals
HINDUISM He who has a why to live can bear almost any
• Cover wide range of ancient creeds, textual how.
traditions, and religious groups 16
• No single founder; believes that one Friedrich Nietszche
supreme being incarnated in many forms 17
• Best understood as a complete way of life. Logotherapy and the Search for Meaning of Life
They believe that existence is a cycle of VIKTOR FRANKL
birth, death, and rebirth (Karma). • Born in Vienna, Austria on March 26, 1905
• Vedas is their sacred scripture • Died in his hometown on 1997 due to heart failure
13 • Involved in Socialist youth organizations
Customs and Practices • Due to his interest in psychiatry, he began writing to
• Follow the lunar calendar to celebrate and Sigmund Freud at the age of 16.
honor particular manifestations of God. • Earned his medical degree from the University of
Religions Vienna
ISLAM in 1930
• It means willing submission to God • Nazis made him the head of the Rothschild Hospital
• Believes in Allah as the One God, and 18
Mohammed as the final prophet. Logotherapy and the Search for Meaning of Life
• Muslims believe in the unity of Viktor Frankl’s personal experiences in the Nazi
mankind under Adam. concentration camps during
• Sacred Scripture is the Quran World War II led him to develop the principle of
14 logotherapy.
Customs and Practices Logotherapy – the pursuit of human existence as well as
• Shahada - ”There is no God but one true on man’s search for
God and Mohammed is his messenger.” such meaning
• Salat – pray fiver times - Logos is a Greek word that translates as “Logotherapy
• Zakat – two and a half percent of assets focuses on the future.”
given to benefit the poor 19
• Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca Logotherapy and the Search for Meaning of Life
In Logotherapy, man can discover meaning in three
ways: • Doing a deed
• Experiencing a value
• Suffering
Important aspect of this therapy is known as the “Tragic
Triad” which
are: • Pain
• Guilt
• Death
The Practice of Animism
20
Spirituality is also associated with animism.
Animism is the belief that creatures, objects, and places
possess spirits.
Animism is practiced in the Philippines by the indigenous
people. Some believe
that the spirit of the sun, sky, and moon are their gods.