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Chapter 2.5 - Curvilinear Motion - Cylindrical Component - Studentversion

1. This document discusses curvilinear motion using cylindrical coordinates. It defines equations to determine velocity and acceleration components in a cylindrical coordinate system using radial and transverse directions. 2. The velocity vector in polar coordinates can be written as the sum of the radial velocity component, r, and the transverse or angular velocity component, rq. The speed is the sum of the squares of these two components. 3. Acceleration is derived by taking time derivatives of velocity. Radial acceleration is (r - rq^2) and transverse acceleration is (rq + 2rq). For motion along a space curve, the position, velocity, and acceleration vectors include radial, transverse, and z-direction components.

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AmirulHanif Alyahya
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290 views10 pages

Chapter 2.5 - Curvilinear Motion - Cylindrical Component - Studentversion

1. This document discusses curvilinear motion using cylindrical coordinates. It defines equations to determine velocity and acceleration components in a cylindrical coordinate system using radial and transverse directions. 2. The velocity vector in polar coordinates can be written as the sum of the radial velocity component, r, and the transverse or angular velocity component, rq. The speed is the sum of the squares of these two components. 3. Acceleration is derived by taking time derivatives of velocity. Radial acceleration is (r - rq^2) and transverse acceleration is (rq + 2rq). For motion along a space curve, the position, velocity, and acceleration vectors include radial, transverse, and z-direction components.

Uploaded by

AmirulHanif Alyahya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

5 CURVILINEAR MOTION:
CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS
Learning Outcome:
Upon completion of this sub-chapter, students will be able to:
1. Determine velocity and acceleration components using
cylindrical coordinates.
1

f\
READING QUIZ

1. In a polar coordinate system, the velocity


. vector can
. be
.
written as v = vrur + vθuθ = rur + rquq. The term q is called
A) transverse velocity. B) radial velocity.
C) angular velocity. D) angular acceleration.

2. The speed of a particle in a cylindrical coordinate system is


. .
A) r B) rq
.2 .2 .2 . 2 . 2
C) (rq) + (r) D) (rq) + (r) + (z)

<>
CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS
(Section 12.8)

ur
r
V»
o
Position

We can express the location of P in polar coordinates as r = r ur.


Note that the radial direction, r, extends outward from the fixed
origin, O, and the transverse coordinate, q, is measured counter-
clockwise (CCW) from the horizontal.
<>
VELOCITY in POLAR COORDINATES)
H
The instantaneous velocity is defined as:
\.
u„
r v = dr/dt = d(rur)/dt
H,
. dur
r
v = rur + r
O
H
dt
Position
Using the chain rule:
dur/dt = (dur/dq)(dq/dt) .
. q = uθ so dur/dt = quθ
'
II
Aur We can prove that dur/d
.
1 »r Therefore: v = rur + rquθ
.
AH

.
Thus, the velocity vector has two components: r,
V
called the radial component, and rq called the
V« 1

V transverse component. The speed of the particle at


r
6
any given instant is the sum of the squares of both
()
components or
Velocity
. .
v = (r q )2 + ( r )2
v/ <\>
ACCELERATION (POLAR COORDINATES)
The instantaneous acceleration is defined as:
Aue . .
«*0 a = dv/dt = (d/dt)(rur + rquθ)
I
After manipulation, the acceleration can be
AO u, expressed as
.. . .. ..
a = (r – rq )ur + (rq + 2rq)uθ
2
a
.. .
ae
\
The term (r – rq 2) is the radial acceleration
*r
or ar .
r P
.. ..
o
\e
The term (rq + 2rq) is the transverse
Acceleration acceleration or aq .
.. .2 2 .. . .
The magnitude of acceleration is a = (r – rq ) + (rq + 2rq) 2
CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

«'z
If the particle P moves along a space
U„
curve, its position can be written as
»'r

r'\
rP = rur + zuz

Taking time derivatives and using


/h, the chain rule:
.

. . .
Velocity: vP = rur + rquθ + zuz
.. . 2 .. .. ..
Acceleration: aP = (r – rq )ur + (rq + 2rq)uθ + zuz
EXAMPLE

Given: A car travels along a circular


v path.
.
r = 300 ft, q = 0.4 (rad/s),
..
s/pBi t7'0 = 0
u ooe = q = 0.2 (rad/s2)
o /Skzs/peJ z'O =
e Find: Velocity and acceleration
Plan: Use the polar coordinate system.
Solution:

<l>
EXAMPLE
(continued)

<>
CONCEPT QUIZ

.
1. If r is zero for a particle, the particle is

A) not moving. B) moving in a circular path.

C) moving on a straight line. D) moving with constant velocity.

2. If a particle moves in a circular path with constant velocity, its


radial acceleration is
..
A) zero. B) r .
. . .
C) − rq 2. D) 2rq .

<\>
of thG

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