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Engineering Ethics (HU-426) : Lecture#03

This document discusses social institutions and culture. It defines social institutions as groups that people join for common purposes, such as family, religion, education, economic and political systems. Culture is described as a system of shared ideas, beliefs, knowledge and customs that define situations and behaviors for members of a society. The document outlines how culture provides knowledge, preserves traditions over generations, assigns roles and statuses, and influences personality development through socialization.

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Asad saeed
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40 views

Engineering Ethics (HU-426) : Lecture#03

This document discusses social institutions and culture. It defines social institutions as groups that people join for common purposes, such as family, religion, education, economic and political systems. Culture is described as a system of shared ideas, beliefs, knowledge and customs that define situations and behaviors for members of a society. The document outlines how culture provides knowledge, preserves traditions over generations, assigns roles and statuses, and influences personality development through socialization.

Uploaded by

Asad saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING ETHICS

(HU-426)

Lecture#03

Engr. Ayla Safdar


Lecturer
Electrical Department
Social Institutions

❑Social institutions consists of group of people who have


come together for a common purpose.

❑They include the family, education, religion, economic and


political institutions.

• Family: A socially defined set of relationships between at


least two people related by birth, marriage, adoption, etc.
Social Institutions
 Religion: A unified system of beliefs and practices
pertaining to the supernatural and to norms about the
right way to live that is shared by a group of believers.
Sociologists treat religion as a social rather than
supernatural phenomenon.

 Education: A formal process in which knowledge, skills,


and values are systematically transmitted from one
individual or group to another.
Social Institutions

❑These are institutions through which society


functions.

❑Sociology studies these institutions and their role


in the development of the individual and suggests
suitable measures for re strengthening them with
a view to enable them to serve the individual
better.
Culture
❑Culture is one of the most important concepts in social
sciences.

❑The study of human society immediately and necessarily


leads us to the study of its culture.

❑The study of society or any aspect of it becomes


incomplete without a proper understanding of the culture
of that society culture and society go together. They are
inseparable. It is important to distinguish between the
related concepts of culture and society.
Culture

❑To a sociologist, a culture is a system of ideas, values,


beliefs, knowledge, norm, customs and technology
shared by almost everyone in a particular society.
Culture

❑Culture can be said to include all the human


phenomena in a society.

❑Culture includes all learned behavior.

❑Culture is a very board term that includes in itself, all


our walks of life, our modes of behavior, our ethics,
our morals and manners, our customs and tradition,
our religious, political, economic and other types of
activities.
Society Vs Culture

❑Society is referred to as a group of people who


share common area, culture and behavior pattern.

❑Society is united and referred as distinct entity.

❑Many different cultures can be found within a


society.
Importance of Culture

 Man’s social life has been made possible because of


culture.
 Culture is something that has elevated him from the
level of animal to other superior animal.
 Man can not survive without culture. It represents
the entire achievements of mankind. Culture has been
fulfilling a number of functions among which the
following may be noted.
Culture

❑Culture defines social situation for us.

❑ It not only defines but also conditions and


determines what we eat, and drink what we wear,
where to laugh, whom to make friends with, what
work we do, what to worship etc.
Culture
❑Culture provides knowledge which is important for the
physical, social and intellectual existence of man.
❑Birds and animals behave instinctively with the help of
instincts they try to adapt themselves with the
environment.
❑But man has greater intelligence and learning capacity
with the help of these he has been able to adapt himself
with the environment or modify it to suit his
convenience.
Culture
 Culture has made such an adaptation and
modification possible and easier by providing man the
necessary skills and knowledge.
 Culture preserves knowledge and helps its transmission
from generation to generation through its element that is
language.
 Language helps not only the transmission of knowledge but
also its preservation, accumulation and diffusion.
 On the contrary, animals do not have this advantage,
because, culture does not exist at sub-human level.
Culture provides behavior patterns
 Culture directs and confines the behavior of an individual.
 Culture assigns goals and provides means for achieving
them.
 It rewards his noble walk and punishes the immoral ones.
 It assigns him status and roles. We see, dream, aspire, work,
strive, enjoy, according to the cultural expectation.
 Culture not only controls but also liberates human, energy
and activities. Man, indeed, follows his culture in every path
of his life.
Culture

❑Culture defines attitudes, values and goals.


❑Attitudes refer to the tendency to feel and act in certain
ways,
❑Values are the measure of goodness or desirability.
❑Goals refer to the attainment which our values define as
worthy.
❑It is the culture which conditions our attitudes towards
various issues such as religion, morality, science and so on.
Culture

❑Our goals of winning the target, understanding others,


attaining salvation, being respectful and obedient to elders
and teachers being patriotic, loyal etc. are set forth by our
culture.

❑We are being socialized on these models.


Culture models personality

❑Culture exercises a great influence on the development of


personality. No child can develop human qualities in the
absence of a cultural environment.

❑Culture prepares man for group life and provides him the
design of living.

❑ It is culture that provide opportunities for the development


of personality and sets limits on its growth.
❑We can conclude that the individual is exposed to and
molded by the culture of the group into which he is
born.

❑Every individual is unique in any culture. The


uniqueness may be based on individual differences in
ability, aptitude and learning.

❑The impact of culture on the individual is not always


identical in every case.
❑Every individual is sooner or later exposed to
influences which are not completely determined by
culture.

❑Traveling, books, radio, cinema, television, newspaper,


exposes an individual to many influences outside the
culture.

❑Various biological and social factors bring about


uniqueness of the individuals in any culture.

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