Name: SALMASAN JOHN VINCENT C.

Date: JAN/5/2021
Grade & Section BENEVOLENCE Strand: ABM

Day 1
MELC: Analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestoes/ CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIa-
d-3
Sub-competencies/Sub-tasks:
Define what argument is.
Choose a stand on certain topic/issue.
Determine how arguments are being presented.
Write an argument on a specific topic/issue.

I. What Should You

Know

It is usually a main idea, It is a claim or set of

often called a “claim” claims with reasons and
backed up with evidence evidence offered as
that supports the idea. support.
ARGUMENT
It refers to a reasoned
attempt to convince the
audience to accept a
It is a line of reasoning
particular point of view about
meant to demonstrate
a debatable topic (J.H. Scott,
the truth or falsehood of
Assistant Professor in
something.
California State University,
Northridge).

support something we think has merit - a position,

point of view, a program, an object
Persuade someone that something would be
Argument beneficial to do (or not to do) - a particular course of
can be action
used to: Convince someone that something is true, likely to
be true or probable – a fact, an outcome
Show someone the problem or difficulties with
something – a theory, an approach , a course of
action
Reason with someone to get them to change their
mind
or their practices
 The most basic form of argument is a claim (or conclusion) that is
justified.
What makes something an argument is that the claim is supported by at
least one reason.

Example of an argument:

Drinking enough water daily is good for your health as it cleans out
your liver and reduces the level of toxins in your blood.
It is the claim of These are the
the argument reasons that support
the claim
There are also two ways on how you are going to present your
argument.
Take a look at the illustration below.

INDUCTIVE REASONING – is done by starting from specific

to general, thus in argumentation, drawing from the examples
and representations in the conclusion or the generalization
would serve as the paper’s argument or reason.
Example: Fair trade agreement has raised the quality
of life for coffee producers, so fair trade agreements could
be used to help other farmers as well.
KINDS OF
LOGICAL
REASONING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING – is the opposite of inductive reasoning
whereby general statements or premises are given first
followed by a specific case or application that states the paper’s
argument or reason.
Example: Genetically modified seeds have caused
poverty, hunger and a decline in biodiversity everywhere they
have been introduced, so there is no reason the same thing will
not occur when genetically modified corn seeds are introduces
in Mexico.
 II. Let Us Apply What You Know

Activity 1:
Express your stand by choosing from the following statements and then
think of your reasons to support your choice.

What are the reasons of your

Choice?
Rainy Sunny
1. Sunny school days, my mood lifts and I feel like I
School OR School can do anything.
days Days 2. Sunny days of course!! Why would anyone prefer
rainy days! Rain messes
3. It creates a gloomy atmosphere and it's usually
quite cold as well.

What are the reasons of your Choice?

Have no Have no

internet OR cell 1. We can communicate with cellphone with no internet connection

access phone 2. I can play offline games in cellphone
3. I can take beautiful views

What are the reasons of your

With Without Choice?
Homew OR Homew 1. They can discuss their assignments or any
ork ork problems that they are having with parts of their
textbooks, before or after classes.
2. It prepares students for upcoming class topics.  
3. Homework encourages students to take initiative
and responsibility for completing a task.

What are the reasons of your Choice?

Online Modular 1. Many students prefer online learning to traditional
Learning learning schooling because they are able to work at their own
OR
pace.
2. Your schedule is pretty jam-packed when you
attend a traditional high school.
3. Your teachers will set specific times for live
lessons, you decide what you work on each day and
for how long.

Activity 2:
Determine whether the following are INDUCTIVE REASONING or
DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Write IR for Inductive and DR for Deductive on blank
provided before each number.
IR
1. All reptiles ever examined are cold-blooded. Dinosaurs resemble
reptiles in many ways. So dinosaurs were cold-blooded.
IR 2. I heard lots of barking last night. The neighbor’s dog must’ve
been pretty upset about something, since he rarely barks.
IR 3. Based on a survey of 2200 randomly selected likely voters,
56.2% indicate that they will vote for the incumbent in the upcoming
election. Therefore, approximately 56% of the votes in the upcoming
election will be for the incumbent.
DR 4. No book in English begins numbering its pages on a left-hand
page. This is a book in English; therefore it will begin its numbering on a
right-hand
DR page.
5. On a National Geographic map, no two adjacent nations appear
shaded with the same color. Brazil is shaded green on this map, and it is a
National Geographic map. Only two nations in South America are not
adjacent to Brazil. So at most three South American nations on this map are
shaded green.
 III. Let Us Strengthen Your

Understanding Writing Activity 1:

Write a basic form of an argument based on the issue/s presented on the

given headlines. Use the rubric as your guide in writing your argument.

Argument:

Reason with someone to get them to change their mind  or their practices

Argument:

Convince someone that something is true, likely to be  true or probable – a fact, an outcome and Show
someone the problem or difficulties with  something – a theory, an approach , a course of action
 Argument:

Persuade someone that something would be beneficial  to do (or not to do) - a particular course of action

Reference
Baronett S. (Second Edition). Deductive and Inductive Arguments. Oxfor University Press
Website.
Retrieved from:
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199846313/student/chapter1/quizzes/post
-quiz/1e/
Cayog R.T et.al. (2019). LEAP: Learning English for Academic and Professional Purposes: Quezon City:
The Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
Galvez D. (2020, July 17). LRT-2 bans talking, answering phone calls inside trains. Philippine Daily
Inquirer. Retrieved from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1308206/lrt-2-bans-talking-answering-
phone-calls- inside-trains
Padin M. (2020, July 19). Salary grade of entry-level nurses raised. Philippine Star. Retrieved
from: https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/07/19/2029085/salary-grade-entry-level-
nurses- raised
Valencia C. (2020, July 9). National ID implementation seen this year. Philippine Star. Retrieved
from: https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/07/09/2026668/national-id-implementation-
seen- year
Scott J.H. The Principles of Argumentation. Retrieved
from
http://www.csun.edu/~hcpas003/argument.html
Student Learning Centre. Flinders University. Writing an Argument. Retrieved from:
https://students.flinders.edu.au/content/dam/student/slc/writing-an-argument.pdf
The Writer Center. University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-
tools/argument/
Name SALMASAN, JOHN VINCENT C. Date JAN/06/2021
Grade & Section 11-BENEVOLENCE Strand: ABM

Day 2
MELC: Analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestoes/ CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIa-
d-3
Sub-competencies/Sub-tasks:
Identify argument/s on given texts.
Determine claims on an argument.
Analyze writer’s argument on a given manifesto.

I. What Should You Know

IDENTIFYING ARGUMENTS

When reading, you will need to identify arguments in order to properly

understand the main points.

STEPS IN IDENTIFYING ARGUMENT/S

Firstly, read the paragraph.

Next, ask “What is the paragraph about?”

Thirdly, summarize the content in your own words; and

Lastly, find the sentence within the paragraph that best matches that
summary. This is likely the stated claim of the paragraph
NOTE: In case there is no topic sentence in the paragraph, identify the
important ideas in the paragraph and then look at what they have in
common and summarize that.

When you are analyzing an argument, you are also evaluating someone
else's argument.

Take a look at steps in analyzing an author’s argument.

Write down all Identify Identify the

Briefly note the the reasons evidence most
main assertion that support that justify important
the claim the reason
reason

II. Let Us Apply What You Know

Let us read two different texts and try to determine arguments.

The story of Disney's "The Lion King" draws direct inspiration from Shakespeare's
"Hamlet". Simba represents Hamlet, the successor of the King/Mufasa, who
swears revenge on his evil uncle Scar/Claudius. Likewise, Simba's best friend Nala
represents both Ophelia, a love interest, and Horatio, a best friend.

The author is comparing "The Lion King" to "Hamlet". More specifically, it

is saying that the similarities between the two are too great to be only
coincidences. As a result, it would appear as though the best 'sentence'
match to this summary would be the first sentence. This is likely the stated
claim.

According to a paper published in the journal 'Science', people in America living

near coal-fired power stations are exposed to higher radiation doses than those
living near nuclear power plants. In addition, despite popular belief, the
production of nuclear energy results in a lower yearly death rate compared to coal
energy production.

If you summarize the points the claim might be "Despite popular

belief, nuclear energy production is actually quite a bit safer as a whole than
coal-fired energy production."

This time let us analyze an argument. Read the text below and the
analysis made.
 Reasonable Risk-taking

Part of my philosophy is that a life worth living involves taking

reasonable risks, whatever that may mean to a person. Without that
openness, responsiveness, a person sees very little possibility for change
and can sink into a rut of routines. I have known many who define
themselves by their routines–and little else.
These are the people an American educator spoke of when he said,
“Many people should have written on their tombstones: ‘Died at 30, buried
at 60.'” How sad! I think that one of the most horrible feelings a person
must have is to be on the deathbed, regretting the many things never tried,
and many things done that cannot be undone. I live my life to minimize
possibilities of regrets, as I hope you do.
Did you ever see the Sandra Bullock movie 28 Days? She plays an
alcoholic in a destructive relationship with a guy who wants only to have fun.
A staff person at the clinic where she is sentenced to spend 28 days for
rehab explained: “Insanity is repeating the same behavior over and over and
expecting different results.” Maybe more people should watch that movie.
The world may not go out of its way to help you–the world does not
owe us fairness–but the world is there with more possibilities than most of us
imagine. If we are responsible to ourselves–and response-able, we can
continue growing in directions that are good for us. We do not need to
understand the future, which, after all, does not exist, has not yet been
created.

Name: JOHN VINCENT C. SALMASAN

Grade and Section: 11-BENEVOLENCE
Analyzing Arguments Worksheet

Main Assertion/Main Claim: Worthwhile life = taking reasonable risks

Reasons to support Claim/s:
Reason #1: Being open to possibilities vs. rut of routines
Reason #2: Dying with regrets for actions and inactions is horrible
Reason #3: Repeating same behaviors will prevent change
Evidence: A staff person at the clinic where she is sentenced to spend 28 days for rehab explained:
“Insanity is repeating the same behavior over and over and expecting different results. ”What is the
most important reason?
Reason #4: Ability to respond to new possibilities, including risks, results in growth what is the
most important reason? Ability to respond to new possibilities, including risks, results in growth

Source: https://takelessons.com/blog/how-to-analyze-an-argument
LET US TRY:

ACTIVITY 1:

Answer the following. Write the letter of your answer on blank provided.
C 1. What is the main idea of paragraph? “Digital piracy is not killing
the music industry. History has shown that formats shift and change
depending on consumer preferences. LPs and cassettes have been phased
out to make room for CDs. With the current shift from physical to digital,
consumers have the freedom to purchase individual tracks instead of whole
albums, a move than explains the drop in album sales and as a result,
overall profits.”
a) As a result of piracy, overall album sales dropped
b) Consumers prefer digital media over physical media
c) Digital piracy is not killing the music industry
d) LPs and cassettes have been phased out to make room for CDs
A 2. What is the main idea of paragraph? “When a consumer product
in some way has a negative impact on society, governments often move to
place high taxes on those products to discourage use, for example high
taxes on cigarettes and alcohol. Obesity should be viewed in the same light.
With the high availability of soft drinks and junk food at an affordable low
price, consumers are all but discouraged from eating healthy. A tax on such
products would discourage mass purchasing and positively impact our
society by curbing obesity rates.”

a) High taxes on a product discourage use

b) Low prices and high availability of junk foods results in an increased
obesity rate
c) Taxes on healthy food items should be reduced Page 5 of 5
d) To encourage healthy eating, higher taxes should be imposed on
soft drinks and junk food

ACTIVITY 2:

Do these passages contain arguments? If so, what are their conclusions?

Refe1r.e) Cnucteting the Yes, this passage contains an argument.

interest rate will
have no effect on the stock The conclusion is that this time, cutting
market interest rates will have no effect on the
stock market.
this time round as people have
been expecting a rate cut all
along.
This factor has already been
reflected in the market.
 No, this is not an argument. Although the first
statement starts with “so” it does not indicate
a conclusion.
2.) So it is raining heavily and this
building might collapse. But I don't
really care.

3. For a long time, astronomers suspected that Europa,

one of Jupiter's many moons, might harbour a watery This is not an argument.
ocean beneath its ice-covered surface. They were right.
Now the technique used earlier this year to demonstrate
the existence of the Europan ocean has been employed to
detect an ocean on another Jovian satellite, Ganymede,
according to work announced at the recent American
Geo-

Francisco. The Economist 16.12.2000.

physical Union meeting in San

III. Let Us Strengthen Your

Understanding Writing Activity 1:

Read the article below then analyze the argument/s by

accomplishing the worksheet below.

How work from home could be damaging us

By: Keanu Plantilla - @inquirerdotnet Philippine Daily Inquirer / 04:02 AM July 20, 2020

We are now living in the “new normal.” For the past few months,
physical distancing and social curfews have been part of our daily routine,
and they look like they’re here to stay for a while. The COVID-19 pandemic
has forced many of us to adjust our usual ways and develop new habits to
sustain our way of life. One of the major adjustments many of us have had
to make was to work from home.
Many industries have started giving their employees the option of
working from home to protect the health and welfare of their workforce.
Working from home is seen as a convenient way to be more engaged and
productive in doing work. But is it truly productive? Do we really get to
maximize the time to produce the most value in our work?
 Divided attention. One of the main struggles for most work-from-home
employees is having to deal with household responsibilities, especially when
it comes to managing children. There may be times when we have to shift
priorities and juggle work. It creates a dual role that adds more pressure
and stress on top of the ones we have to deal with at work. It also creates
tension on how we deal with family matters, which can affect our
relationships with loved ones.
Need for space. We usually allot most of our work during office hours
and we finish it when we leave the office. But in the “new normal” setup, our
home is our office. This means we can be accessible round the clock, which
can lead to more work demand. It’s no longer an obstacle. Technically, we
are like 24/7 convenience stores that our employers can just go to anytime
they want. It can have an effect on our daily schedule and can disrupt our
performance level.
Mental health. We are all social beings by nature. We love to share
stories and bond with other people. But with the work-from-home setup, it
might prove difficult for us to satisfy our social needs. Giving proper
attention and focus to a person can be a challenge. Digital barriers like slow
internet speed and unstable connections make collaboration a grueling task
rather than a learning experience. Such experiences can pose a risk and lead
to social isolation. A feeling of lack of company pushes us to be lonely.
That’s when anxiety and depression start to creep in.
What we can do. Work from home is not for everyone, but there are
some things we can do to make it better for us. One way is to manage our
time and set a schedule that works best for us. Narrowing our focus to
specific roles helps maintain our work life separate from our family life.
Another way is to communicate openly to our managers and teammates
about our availability. Setting proper expectations ahead of time will provide
flexibility in our schedule and help us finish tasks efficiently. It is also
important to take care of our mental health. We are not pressure cookers.
We all need to take a break and let off some steam. Read a book, eat a
snack, phone a friend, do anything that will help you cool off the heat.
Productivity is hard to sustain, whether at work or at home. There will
always be obstacles that will distract us from being effective in what we do.
And for some of us, being in the “new normal” makes it tougher. Undeniably,
the work-from- home setup will remain a primary option for many employers
given the lingering pandemic. So how do we maximize productivity? Be
strong. Be resilient. Be tougher.
Source: https://opinion.inquirer.net/131935/how-work-from-home-could-be-damaging-us#ixzz6SjAzuS2Z
Name JOHN VINCENT C. SALMASAN
Grade and Section: 11-BENEVOLENCE
Analyzing Arguments Worksheet
Main Assertion/Main Claim: One of the main struggles for most work-from-home employees is
having to deal with household responsibilities, especially when it comes to managing children.
Reasons to support Claim/s: Reason #1: Being Open to New Normal VS Face to face Evidence:
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many of us to adjust our usual ways and develop new
habits to sustain our way of life. One of the major adjustments many of us have had to make
was to work from home. Reason #2: Productivity VS Work at Home Evidence: Working from
home is seen as a convenient way to be more engaged and productive in doing work. But is it
truly productive? Do we really get to maximize the time to produce the most value in our
work? Reason #3: Stress on health Evidence: Digital barriers like slow internet speed and
unstable connections make collaboration a grueling task rather than a learning experience.
Such experiences can pose a risk and lead to social isolation. A feeling of lack of company
pushes us to be lonely. That’s when anxiety and depression start to creep in.

What is the most important reason?

Be strong. Be resilient. Be tougher.

Reference:

Andrew P. (2014). How to Analyse an Argument in an Essay | 4 Easy Steps. Retrieved from:
https://takelessons.com/blog/how-to-analyze-an-argument
Plantilla K. (2020, July 20). How work from home could be damaging us. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved
from: https://opinion.inquirer.net/131935/how-work-from- home-could-be-damaging-us#ixzz6SjAzuS2Z
Student Learning Centre. Flinders University. Writing an Argument. Retrieved from:
https://students.flinders.edu.au/content/dam/student/slc/writing-an- argument.pdf
https://library.wlu.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/tutorials/identifyingarguments.pdf
https://library.wlu.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/tutorials/identifyingarguments.pdf
Name SALMASAN, JOHN VINCENT C. Date JAN/08/2021
Grade & Section 11-BENEVOLENCE Strand: ABM

Day 3
MELC: Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments supported by
properly cited factual evidences/ CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIa-d-4 Sub-competencies/Sub-tasks:
Understand the different kinds of evidences in supporting claim.
Determine the kind of evidence/s used to support a claim.
Provide evidence/s to support author’s stand.

I. What Should You Know

EVIDENCE

– refers to facts, documentation or testimony used to strengthen a claim, support an

argument or reach conclusion.

-Serves as support for the reasons offered and helps compel audiences to accept
claims.

KINDS OF EVIDENCE

EXAMPLES TESTIMONIES STATISTICAL DATA

These are provided This is another form This is another set of

using specific of evidence in which evidences that may
instances to illustrate people who are be proven useful and
effective as these are
a point. experts and
backed up by
authorities in a
Example: when researches that have
certain field are undergone careful
arguing about quoted for their
cellular phones as study and analysis.
knowledge, opinion, Example: Oftentimes
good as educational works, etc. researchers may said
tool, real examples may
to be ineffective if
be provided by giving Example: When they do
specific applications pertaining to the not directly support
and programs of cell use the argument such as
of cell phone as using statistics of a high
phones that can aid percentage of learners’
teaching and educational tools, passing exam due to the
an expert in information use of varied technological
learning technology (IT) may be device
consulted for his
extensive knowledge
II. Let Us Apply What You

Know Activity 1:

Read the following argumentative statements below. Determine the

author’s claim by highlighting it with yellow and the evidence being used by
highlighting with green. Identify what kind of evidence is being used and write
your answer on blank provided.

Example:
1. Many student writers have difficulty with some aspects of punctuation. For
example, researchers (George et al., 2016; Jones & Brown, 2013; Smith, 2012)
find that many students misuse commas, mix up colons and semicolons and
use capital letters incorrectly.

Kind of evidence used: EXAMPLE

2. Reflective writing can help students become better thinkers. It can help
students see that ideas are meant to be discussed and debated. Bridges and
Jost found that students who did weekly reflective journal writing about their
course content for a semester could analyze course concepts at a deeper
level than those who didn’t (131).

Kind of evidence used: TESTIMONIES

3. In its research project, the Literacy Foundation (2014, p.167) argues that
“common punctuation errors cause problems with meaning-making in
student writing.”

Kind of evidence used: TESTIMONIES

4. The Literacy Reference Group (2017, para. 10) finds that more that 60%
of the students who are assessed on their literacy scale made errors in their
punctuation.

Kind of evidence used: STATISTICAL DATA

5. Many student writers have difficulty with some aspects of punctuation. For
example, researchers (George et al., 2016; Jones & Brown, 2013; Smith, 2012)
find that many students misuse commas, mix up colons and semicolons and
use capital letters incorrectly.

Kind of evidence used: EXAMPLE

6. Government and non-government organizations, particularly international
organizations such as the United Nations agencies, strictly follow some sets
of principles in the delivery of humanitarian aid in line with poverty
alleviations, health and life-saving programs in response to any man-made
or natural disaster. One is the “Do No Harm” (DNH) principle that says
programs and activities must avoid exposing the target beneficiaries to
additional risks or threats.

Kind of evidence used: TESTIMONIES

III. Let Us Strengthen Your Understanding

Writing Activity 1:

Read the each article excerpt. Determine its claim then provide it
with supporting evidence/s. Also identify what kind of evidence you used.
Use the table below.
1.Hailed as heroes of the pandemic, the frontliners in the nursing profession
are feeling anything but heroic these days, if their plight is to be the gauge.
Long overworked and underpaid, they lament that their plight is now
aggravated by the high risk of being infected with the SARS-coronavirus-2 that
causes COVID-19. Source:https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/07/19/2029009/editorial-
no-way-treat-heroes

2. There is much uncertainty behind the shift to remote or distance learning,

a move made necessary by the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, and alongside
this much anxiety. But as we move closer to Aug. 24 – the date mandated by
the Department of Education for the resumption of classes – it is important
that we remember that our priorities in remote learning should not be
different from that of traditional education.
Source: https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/07/21/2029399/education-transition

3.Malacañang stressed yesterday that the critical health care capacity of the
country remains “manageable,” as it sought to allay public fears that
hospitals are becoming overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases.
The reassurance, however, does not reflect the concerns aired by
hospital operators themselves, and the report of the Department of Health
that the critical care capacity of hospitals for coronavirus disease 2019 cases
has hit the “danger zone.”
Source: https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/07/15/2028026/editorial-danger-zone
 Item Kind of
Claim Evidence/s
No. Evidence
Hailed as heroes of the Long overworked and underpaid,
1 pandemic, the frontliners in the they lament that their plight is
nursing profession are feeling now aggravated by the high risk of STATISTICAL
anything but heroic these days, being infected with the SARS- DATA
if their plight is to be the coronavirus-2 that causes COVID-
gauge. 19
the date mandated by the There is much uncertainty behind
2 Department of Education the shift to remote or distance
for the resumption of learning, a move made necessary
classes – it is important that by the on-going COVID-19
we remember that our pandemic, and alongside this
priorities in remote much anxiety. But as we move TESTIMONIES
learning should not be closer to Aug. 24
different from that of
traditional education.

Malacañang stressed The reassurance, however, does

3 yesterday that the critical not reflect the concerns aired by
health care capacity of the hospital operators themselves,
country remains and the report of the
“manageable,” as it sought Department of Health that the EXAMPLE
to allay public fears that critical care capacity of
hospitals are becoming hospitals for coronavirus
overwhelmed by COVID- disease 2019 cases has hit the
19 cases. “danger zone.”

Reference

Argument: Claims, Reasons, Evidence. Department of Communication. University of Pittsburgh.

Retrieved from: https://www.comm.pitt.edu/argument-claims- reasons-evidence
Cayog R.T et.al. (2019). LEAP: Learning English for Academic and Professional Purposes: Quezon City: The
Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
De Guzman S. (2020, July 20). A test of leadership. Philippine Star. Retrieved from:
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/07/20/2029202/test-leadership
Nordquist R. (2019). Definition and Examples of Evidence in Argument. ThoughtCo.
Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/evidence-argument-term- 1690682#:~:text=Updated
%20February%2013%2C%202019,argument%20or%20re ach%20a%20conclusion.
Plantilla K. (2020, July 20). How work from home could be damaging us. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
Retrieved from: https://opinion.inquirer.net/131935/how-work-from- home-could-be-damaging-us
Student Learning Centre. Flinders University. Writing an Argument. Retrieved from:
https://students.flinders.edu.au/content/dam/student/slc/writing-an- argument.pdf
University of New England. Supporting Evidence. Retrieved from: https://aso-
resources.une.edu.au/academic-writing-course/information-basics/supporting- evidence/
https://library.wlu.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/tutorials/identifyingarguments.pdf
Name SALMASAN, JOHN VINCENT C. Date JAN/09/2021
Grade & Section 11-BENEVOLENCE Strand: ABM

Day 4
MELC: Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments supported by
properly cited factual evidences/CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIa-d-4 Sub-competencies/Sub-tasks:
Understand how evidence helps to defend author’s stand.
Strengthen author’s claim through the use of evidence.
React on an issue by writing an essay expressing author’s stand, with the support of
evidences.

I. What Should You Know

In your previous lessons, you learned what argument is and how it

relates to what is happenings around you. You have also written your own
argument/s to express your stand to a certain issue in and out of the
country.

As you go along, you have learned that while you are defending your
stand, you have also needed to analyze your arguments. Some of the
elements you have to look into in analyzing an argument are the claim, the
reasons and the evidences used to support your claim. Questions such as:
What is the main claim of the argument? What are the reasons of the claim?
What evidence/s is used to support the claim? Are the evidences strong and
reliable enough to prove the validity your argument?

Evidence is used to help strengthen your claims/ assertions on your

paper.
Below are some ways to work evidence into your writing.

Offer evidence that agrees Present evidence that

with the stand up to the contradicts your stand, and
point, and then add to it then argue against (refute)
with ideas of your own that evidence and therefore
strengthen your position
Use sources against each
other, as if they were Use quotation to support
experts on panel discussing your assertion, not merely to
your proposition state or restate your claim
 Read the article below and observe how evidences are used to defend
the author’s stand.

Reshaping education amidst COVID-19

Sara Soliven De Guzman (The Philippine Star) - June 15, 2020 - 12:00am

A few weeks ago when the President addressed the nation on COVID-19
matters affecting our country, he concluded by saying, “walang vaccine,
walang eskwela… but Secretary Briones is insisting that there should be an
alternative there and she has a very good program for that, parang
teleconferencing.”

But the President did not end there. He continued by saying, “How – the
technology is good. I do not know if we are ready for that. Meaning to say, if
we have enough of those na gamitin para sa the whole of the Philippines. We
are talking of students, it is millions. Mayroon ba siya? (referring to
Secretary Briones) But if she has or if we can afford it, we’ll buy it and she
can proceed with her novel idea of how the children can continue with their
education.”
At this point, the Department of Education (DepEd) has not made itself clear
about the plans for public and private education nor has the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED). The only lead we have is that public schools will
open on August 24.

It is already June. The children have been cooped up inside their homes for
almost four months. Isn’t it crucial for some form of education to take place?
Well, if not in school (for obvious reasons), then, at home.

Aside from thinking of education as essential for a country’s growth and

development, we need to also look at it for the child’s future. The longer it
takes for education to continue, the more chances for the child to drop out of
school. His mind will easily be taken over by the virtual world of games. It
may even wander off to juvenile delinquency. He will be disinterested and
unmotivated to continue education, becoming detrimental to himself, to his
family and to the society.

Yes, the role of the parent is critical during these times but so is the
responsibility of government over its young citizens. Let us not forget
Presidential Decree No. 603, The Child and the Youth Welfare Code where
Article 1 states: The Child is one of the most important assets of the nation.
Every effort should be exerted to promote his welfare and enhance his
opportunities for a useful and happy life… The natural right and duty of
parents in the rearing of the child for civic efficiency should receive the aid
and support of the government. Article 3, The Rights of the Child states:
Every child has the right to an education commensurate with his abilities and
to the development of his skills for the improvement of his capacity
for service to himself and to his fellowmen. So, the point is, education is a
human right. And all the Filipino children have the right to it. It should not
stop. Government must ensure that it continues especially during this
pandemic where their mental health becomes an issue.

During this COVID-19 crisis, many parents have been laid off. Businesses have
closed down. The unemployment rate continues to increase. Life is hard.
How will education continue?

Education’s new normal is more than just creating a safe environment for
the students and teachers. It is about being efficient in the use of
technology. It is about finding the best learning platform for students to use.
It is about addressing the educational needs unique to each community. It is
about funding. Creating online programs is not a joke. It involves a lot of
preparation from the technology itself to the producing of materials and
training of teachers.

Private schooled children are fortunate. They have different learning

opportunities although quite expensive. In this day and age, online platforms
will be the medium between the school and the home. But government
needs to keep an eye on the telecommunication companies. They must
improve and strengthen broadband infrastructures and services. Not to
mention, police the over-charging groups taking advantage of the times. DTI
must also monitor computer shops on overpricing.

But this is not where the real problem lies. Out of 27.7 million K to Grade 12
students enrolled last school year, 4.1 million students were enrolled in
private schools while
23.5 million were enrolled in public schools. Now, think about the President’s
predicament during his talk. Remember he said, “If we can afford it, we’ll buy
it and she can proceed with her novel idea of how the children can continue
with their education.”

A novel idea indeed for a country like ours. Haven’t we wiped clean the
government coffers assisting families during the pandemic? Didn’t Duterte
just thank the big companies in advancing their tax payments to contribute
to the country’s caban? If you have 23.5 million students in the public
school, you will need that same number of tablets or laptops. How much
would an average gadget cost? Between P8,000 – P12,000 or more. The
teachers will need the same. Even if you get a discount for bulk orders, I do
not think you could get good quality costing at P5,000. Aside from this, you will
need to think of internet expenses
 The author used evidences in the article to defend her stand about the issue of opening of
classes amidst COVID 19 pandemic.
Also, the counterargument and evidences that support it help to strengthen the author’s
stance as it appeared to be more logical.
In the article, the evidences highlighted in blue supports the main claim; while highlighted
in green supports the counterargument.

between the school and the home. Mind you, the 23.5 million students come
from basic education alone. What about CHED? They have to deal with more
than three million university students while TESDA has an estimated number of
200,000 students.

Who said that online education is cheap? Think twice. For the school, new
structures, and infrastructures (for internet networks) must be set up aside from
the COVID-19 protocol requirements mandated by government. For the home,
the child will need a tablet, desktop, or laptop aside from the internet
provider. With this mode of learning, education becomes one extravagant
commodity that only those with the means can afford.

During both world wars including the Japanese war, education did not stop.
It continued in the rural areas. Some children in the urban areas were sent
to the provinces, to the mountains or nearby monasteries. However, the
poor continued education through radios and television or simply, textbooks.
This is how public broadcasting stations were born. I do not know why we
are not even trying it out right now. This crisis may be creating confusion
and chaos in the minds of our youth. Our children need to have some kind of
routine in their lives. The government must have a voice to redirect their
energies, engaging them to become functional and good citizens. We need to
address their needs. Aside from the physical needs, we also need to work on
their emotional-mental and intellectual needs.

The absence of recreation, physical fitness, art, culture, building values and
intellectual stimulation will be very concerning. Those who live in poverty
and in crowded areas without parental control or guidance (as their parents
need to go to work) may be a detriment to society. They may develop
destructive behaviours.

Even in the midst of a crisis we must think about the children. Government
should urgently address their needs. We need to save our children
Main Claim of the Author:
The government should focus on finding the best learning platform in education’s new
normal, amidst the crisis of COVID19, in order to address the current needs of the
learners.
Counterclaim:
Conduct of classes should not be carried out until vaccine has been discovered because
health is still the top priority and that he country is not yet ready for new normal in
Education

II. Let Us Apply What You Know

To effectively use evidence/s, this must be integrated smoothly on

your essay. Take note of the following patterns in doing so.

1. State your Claim

2. Give your evidence, remembering to relate it to the claim.
3. Comment on the evidence to show how it supports the claim.

Read the two paragraphs and then determine which has a weak use of
evidence and which has strong.

A. Today, we are too self‐centered. Most families no longer sit down to eat
together, preferring instead to eat on the go while rushing to the next
appointment (Gleick 148). Everything is about what we want.

B. Today, Americans are too self‐centered. Even our families don't matter
as much anymore as they once did. Other people and activities take
precedence. In fact, the evidence shows that most American families no
longer eat together, preferring instead to eat on the go while rushing to the
next appointment (Gleick 148). Sit‐down meals are a time to share and
connect with others; however, that connection has become less valued, as
families begin to prize individual activities over shared time, promoting self‐

If you said the Paragraph A has weaker use of paragraph, then

you are right!

EXPLANATION:
Paragraph A has weaker use of evidence because the evidence is
not related to the claim. What does the claim about self‐
centeredness have to do with families eating together? The writer
doesn’t explain the connection; while Paragraph B is a far better
example, as the evidence is more smoothly integrated into the
text, the link between the claim and the evidence is strengthened,
and the evidence
centeredness itself
over group is analyzed to provide support for the
identity.
ACTIVITY 1:

Read the two paragraphs and then determine which has a weak use of
evidence and which has strong. Explain your answer.

A. Today, Americans are too self‐centered. Even our families don't matter as
much anymore as they once did. Other people and activities take
precedence, as James Gleick, in his book Faster, describes us as
“consumers‐on‐the‐run…. The very notion of the family meal as a sit‐down
occasion is vanishing. Adults and children alike eat . . . on the way to their
next activity” (148). Sit‐down meals are a time to share and connect with
others; however, that connection has become less valued, as families begin
to prize individual activities over shared time, promoting self‐centeredness
over group identity.

B.Today, we are too self‐centered. “We are consumers‐on‐the‐run . . . the

very notion of the family meal as a sit‐down occasion is vanishing. Adults
and children alike eat…on the way to their next activity” (Gleick 148).
Everything is about what we want.

EXPLANATION:

The Paragraph “A” has the strong answer , why? Evidences is likely compared , to a
self-center family living in a community having valued in sharing time to promote
identity on every activity.

The Paragraph “B” has the weak answer , the answer don
not conform on the issue being raise .
III. Let Us Strengthen Your

Understanding Writing Activity 1:

Read the news article below and decide on your stand on the issue
posed. Defend your stand by using evidences.

House bill seeks to ban classes set for earlier than 8:30 a.m.
By: Pathricia Ann V. Roxas - @PathRoxasINQ INQUIRER.net / 09:30 PM July 03, 2019

MANILA, Philippines — Bacolod Rep. Greg Gasataya has filed a bill banning
classes scheduled to start earlier than 8:30 a.m. in schools under the
Department of Education and the Commission on Higher Education.
In filing House Bill No. 569 Monday, Gasataya said school hours should start
no earlier than 8:30 a.m. due to the “state of transportation, amount of
workload under the new K-12 curriculum, state of mental health in the
country, and
accessibility of schools especially in rural areas which are just some of the
conditions prejudicial to the health and safety of Filipino students.”

“It is the policy of the State to adopt an integrated and comprehensive

approach to health development in schools. We must give priority to the
physical, mental, and social well-being of students, among others, through
a system of education which gives primordial interest and concern to the
health and safety of students,” Gasataya said in a statement issued on
Wednesday.

The lawmaker, a vice chair of the House Committee on Higher and

Technical Education in the 17th Congress, also argued that other countries
had later class start times and that some studies conducted abroad had
correlated later school start times to improved student performances and
achievement.

If enacted, this bill could also help parents who would have to wake up
early to attend to their children’s needs, according to Gasataya.

Also among Gasataya’s pet bills are House Bill No. 568, which aim to
provide a comprehensive scholarship for persons with disabilities and their
children, and House Bill No. 573, which seeks to recruit, hire, and train
additional mental health personnel in state universities and colleges.
Source: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1137504/house-bill-seeks-to-ban-classes-set-for-
earlier-than- 830-a-m
Writing Activity 1: Answer

Read the news article below and decide on your stand on the issue posted.
Defend your stand by using evidences.

In my own point of view, I realize that the Bill regarding these schedule
of classes filed by Bacolod Rep. Greg Gasataya to f o r b i d classes
scheduled to start earlier than 8:30 a.m. in school under the Department of
Education and the Commission on Higher Education is very much applicable
to us students specifically having a face to face classes, notwithstanding, that
we can see the lecture of our instructor and explaining it on the board clearly
and slowly so that we can absorb it step by step with matching outline so we
can catch up easily.

As a thorough study this time of pandemic- students like us K-12 are

having a difficulty to catch up easily on online classes, we merely do
understand what is being explained, it is so hard to adjust unlike when we
see face to face.

Face to face classes is much better than online classes, because we can
explain it better, draw better and understand better. Some evidences to make
this Bill more fascinating is that, we have to get up early, we have to take a
bath earlier than the scheduled Bill time of 8”30 A.M.

Moreover, “It is the policy of the State to adopt an integrated and

comprehensive approach to health development in schools. We must give
priority to the physical, mental, and social well-being of students, among
others, through a system of education which gives primordial interest and
concern to the health and safety of students,” Gasataya said in a statement
issued on Wednesday.

The lawmaker, a vice chair of the House Committee on Higher and

Technical Education in the 17th Congress, also argued that other countries
had later class start times and that some studies conducted abroad had
correlated later school start times to improved student performances and
achievement.

If enacted, this bill could also help parents who would have to wake
up early to attend to their children’s needs, according to Gasataya.
Reference
De Guzman, S. (2020, July 15). Reshaping education amidst COVID-19. The
Philippine Star. Retrieved from:
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/06/15/2020937/reshaping-education-
amidst-covid-19
Roxas, P. (2019, July 03). House bill seekss to ban classes set for earlier than 8:30
a.m.
Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from:
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1137504/house-bill-seeks-to-ban-classes-set-for-
earlier-than-830-a-m
Writing Tutorial Services, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. Using Evidence Retrieved
from: https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/using-evidence.html
https://www.bcsd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=2049&datai
d=10155&FileName=incorporating%20evidence%20into%20your%20essay.pdf