Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following is NOT part of the sampling design process? 1)

A) Defining of the population of the study
B) Refining the research question
C) Specifying the sampling unit,
D) Determining the relevant sample frame.
E) Selection of the sampling technique

2) The target population can be defined in terms of? 2)

A) Extent - the geographical boundaries
B) Time - the time period under consideration
C) Sampling units - the set of elements available for selection during the sampling process
D) Elements - the object about which information is desired
E) All of the above

3) A complete list of all cases in a population is referred to as what? 3)

A) Saturation B) Sampling Frame
C) Census D) None of the above

4) Which of the following is NOT a reason for sampling? 4)

A) Impractical to survey entire population B) Time constraints
C) Validity D) Budget constraints

5) When selecting a sampling frame which of the following characteristics should you look for? 5)
A) Precision B) Currency C) Completeness D) All of the above

6) What is a sampling unit? 6)

A) The basic unit containing the elements of the population to be sampled.
B) The method used to collect the sample
C) All the individual elements of the final sample, drawn together
D) The sampling frame
E) The population
F) None of the above

7) The term "census" refers to ________. 7)

A) Sampling every unit in a population B) Sampling ten units from a population
C) Not using unethical data D) All of the above

8) Which of the following is NOT a benefit from sampling? 8)

A) More time for design and piloting B) Possibly higher overall accuracy
C) Possibly higher generalisability D) Collecting more detailed information

9) What is the minimum population size to justify sampling? 9)

A) 100 B) 50 C) 45 D) 25

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 10) Which of the following is NOT a qualitative factor that should be considered in determining the 10)
sample size?
A) The importance of the decision
B) The precision needed for the results
C) The number of variables
D) The nature of the analysis
E) Sample sizes used in similar studies

11) Which of the following is NOT true of probability sampling? 11)

A) Estimates are statistically projectable to the population.
B) The results will always be more accurate than non-probability sampling
C) The number of elements to be included in the sample set can be pre-specified.
D) It is possible to specify the probability of selecting any particular sample of a given size.
E) Sampling units are selected by chance as opposed to the judgement of the researcher.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

12) Probability sampling is also referred to as judgemental sampling. 12)

13) Non-probability sampling is also referred to as representative sampling. 13)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

14) Which of the following is NOT true of non-probability sampling? 14)

A) Cannot make statistical inferences about characteristics of population
B) You may be able to generalise about the population
C) Better than probability sampling for deductive research
D) Probability of each case from population selected is not known

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

15) Probability sampling is more often used when adopting a case study strategy. 15)

16) Probability sampling is more often used when testing hypotheses. 16)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

17) Which of the following requires a sampling frame? 17)

A) Probability sampling
B) Non-probability sampling
C) Both

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

18) When you do not have a sampling frame you can still use probability sampling. 18)

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

19) What is the least expensive and least time-consuming of all sampling techniques? 19)
A) Convenience sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Judgmental sampling
D) Simple random sampling
E) Snowball sampling

20) The selection of a sampling fraction is associated with which sampling technique? 20)
A) Convenience sampling B) Snowball sampling
C) Simple random sampling D) Systematic sampling

21) Multi-stage sampling is developed from which sampling technique? 21)

A) Stratified sampling B) Purposive sampling
C) Quota sampling D) Cluster sampling

22) What are the distinguishing features of simple random sampling? 22)
A) Each element in the population has a known and equal probability of selection.
B) Random numbers determine which elements are included in the sample.
C) A sampling frame must be compiled in which each element has a unique identification
number.
D) Each possible sample of a given size has a known and equal probability of being the sample
actually selected.
E) All of the above

23) Which of the following are NOT criteria for the selection of stratification variables in stratified 23)
sampling?
A) Across the strata, the elements should be as heterogeneous as possible
B) Stratification variables should be easy to measure and apply
C) Stratifications variables should not be closely related to the characteristic of interest
D) Elements within a stratum should be as homogeneous as possible
E) The strata should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive so that every population
element should be assigned to one and only one stratum

24) Select all of the following statements which you believe to be true. A truly random sample of the 24)
general population would be obtained by ________.
A) Allocating each individual a unique number and using a computer to randomly generate
numbers for selection.
B) Closing your eyes and sticking a pin into a telephone directory.
C) Selecting every individual with a surname beginning with the letter S
D) Selecting an individual from every fourth house on a street
E) Selecting every 20th individual from a list of patients registered with a GP

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 25) Below is a list of populations and samples. Select the sample that is most likely to be representative 25)
(rather than biased) of the population from which it is drawn.
A) Population: Adults from a single geographic area. Sample: Employees at a local factory
B) Population: Online shoppers. Sample: List of individuals who have web-based email
C) Population: Owners of luxury cars. Sample: Subscribers to What Car magazine
D) Population: Owners of luxury cars. Sample: BMW owners
E) Population: The general population in an inner London borough. Sample: All patients
registered at local GP surgeries in the same area

26) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quota sampling? 26)

A) Those who are available to be surveyed in public places are unlikely to be a representative
sample
B) The random selection of units makes it possible to calculate the standard error
C) The researcher chooses who to approach and so might bias the sample
D) It is a relatively fast and cheap way of finding out about public opinions
E) The sample is subdivided into groups from which the researcher must obtain a certain
number of responses

27) Which of the following is NOT a type of purposive sampling? 27)

A) Critical case B) Common case C) Typical case D) Extreme case

28) Snowball sampling can help the researcher to ________. 28)

A) Theorise inductively in a qualitative study
B) Overcome the problem of not having an accessible sampling frame
C) Collect data cost effectively
D) all of the above
E) Access difficult or hidden populations

29) Which non-probability sampling strategy is associated with heterogenous or homogeneous 29)
samples?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Snowball sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Self-selection sampling
E) Convenience sampling

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

30) You should never combine different sampling methods in your research. 30)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

31) What is the minimum sample size for statistical analyses? 31)
A) 100 B) 10 C) 30 D) 50

32) What effect does increasing the sample size have upon the sampling error? 32)
A) It increases the sampling error
B) It reduces the sampling error
C) It has no effect on the sampling error
D) It maintains the sampling error, regardless of other variables
E) None of the above

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 33) Which of the following is NOT a type of non-probability sampling? 33)
A) Convenience sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Judgemental sampling
E) Snowball sampling

34) The standard error is a statistical measure of ________. 34)

A) The degree to which a sample has been accurately stratified
B) A measure of whether the sample was randomly selected or not
C) The clustering of scores at each end of a survey scale
D) The extent to which a sample mean is likely to differ from the population
E) The normal distribution of scores around a sample mean

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

35) Representative sampling is most often associated with survey-based research strategies. 35)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

36) What is meant by the law of large numbers? 36)

A) Less accuracy the larger the sample size
B) Increasing mistakes with larger sample size
C) Increasing representativeness with larger sample size
D) Increasing validity with larger sample size

37) Which of the following is NOT a problem leading to non-response? 37)

A) Inability to locate respondent
B) Refusal to respond
C) Respondent located but unable to make contact
D) Ineligibility to respond
E) Eligible respondents not known

38) Which of the following will influence our choice of sampling techniques? 38)
A) Practicality B) Research question
C) Research objective D) All of the above

39) Which of the following should NOT influence your choice of sample size? 39)
A) Categories needed for analysis B) Reliability of findings
C) Confidence needed in findings D) Accuracy required

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

40) Generalisability is better achieved through non-probability sampling. 40)

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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7

1) B
2) E
3) B
4) C
5) D
6) A
7) A
8) C
9) B
10) B
11) B
12) FALSE
13) FALSE
14) C
15) FALSE
16) TRUE
17) A
18) FALSE
19) A
20) D
21) D
22) E
23) C
24) A
25) E
26) B
27) B
28) D
29) A
30) FALSE
31) C
32) B
33) C
34) D
35) TRUE
36) C
37) E
38) D
39) B
40) FALSE