NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.

A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]

SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY GRADE LEVEL: ELEVEN

OF HUMAN PERSON
QUARTER: ONE WEEK: TWO (October 5-16,2020)

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. determine one’s limitations and possibilities.
2. recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence.
3. distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence.
4. notice disorder in the environment and things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an
aesthetic way;
6. show that care for the environment that contributes to health, well-being and sustainable
development;
II. PRE-ASSESSMENT
A – Direction: Identify the category of limitation.
1. We have a limited life span.
__________________________________________________________________
2. We cannot choose our biological family.
__________________________________________________________________
3. We cannot teleport instantly to another location in an instant.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Words limit our communication with each other.
__________________________________________________________________
5. We cannot be in two places at the same time.
__________________________________________________________________
B– Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is environment philosophy?
A. Discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings with the environment and its non-
human contents.
B. Is part of the world, and we significantly affect in environment.
C. Significantly role of humankind in the world.
D. Extends intrinsic value and moral consideration to higher forms of animals
2. It believes that humans are not the only significant species on the planet.
A. Anthropocentrism B. Panthocentrism C. Biocentrism D. Ecocentrism
3. A science that deals with the relationships between groups of living things and their environments.
A. Anthropocentrism B. Ecology C. Ecofeminism D. Ecocentrism
4. What is a flame in cyberspace?
A. A person who follows the rules of Netiquette.
B. An expert programmer.
C. An online chain letter.
D. A post or email message that expresses a strong opinion or criticism.
5. Knowledge and understanding of netiquette is useful because ___________
A. it helps you create a positive impression on those you meet in cyberspace.
B. it explains some of the technical limitations of online communications.
C. it explains the conventions already being used by millions of cybernauts.
D. All of the above.
6. What type of online threat happens when an attacker uses electronic devices to do unwanted surveillance against its
victim? A. Cyberbullying B. Phising C. Spamming D. Cyberstalking
7. What type of online threat happens when the attacker impersonates another individual or organization to gather
personal or business information?
A. Cyberstalking B. Spoofing C. Scamming D. Pharming
8. What type of information should you avoid giving when using the internet?
A. Phone number B. Profile Picture C. Shirt Size D. Religion
9. What is the golden rule of netiquette?
A. Remember the human. C. Use correct grammar.
B. Put a smiley in every message. D. Respect people’s time.
10. You get an email telling you that you won a hundred thousand without joining in a competition. You should
____________.
A. Claim the prize. C. Return the email with response.
B. Ignore the email. D. Send rude message as revenge

1|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]
III. CONTENT/ DISCUSSION/ INFORMATION
Module 3 - The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
Lesson 3.1. Human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence
HUMAN COMPOSITION OF MAN
MAN (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The English term “man” is derived from a Proto-Indo European root
*man - (see Sanskrit/Avestan Manu-, Slavic mǫž "man, male"). It is the general term commonly used to refer to the
entire human race. Other related terms, humanity, mankind, and humankind.

HUMAN refers to man as species – HOMO SAPIENS or MODERN HUMAN BEINGS. The term human being is also
used to differentiate man from other animals.
PERSON is the personality of a human being so called “SELF”. Refers to a human being granted recognition of certain
rights, protection, responsibilities and dignity above all. Philosopher refers to the human person as the totality of an
individual, possessing awareness, self-determination and capacity to interact with others and with himself/herself.
Personhood refers to the state of being a person.
HUMAN NATURE defines as the nature of humans especially the fundamental characters and traits of humans. It refers
to the characteristics that distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits are expected to arise independent of
the influence of culture and society. EXAMPLES: THINKING, FEELING AND ACTING.
What is the human person?

Self-awareness refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity and
actions.
Try saying these!
● I am a person.
● I am alive.
● I exist.
● I am here. I am present.
● I am living at this very moment.
Let’s examine
● Little Jose is playing in the living room while his mom is in the kitchen.
He accidentally bumps into a table, causing a vase to fall. Upon hearing,
his mom went to the living room and saw him, standing near the broken
vase. She asked, “Did you break the vase?” What do you think Jose‘s
answer will be?
Self-determination refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences,
monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriental and self-directed.
Consequence is the result or effect of an action or condition. Philosophers believe that a person acts freely and with due
regard for the consequences of his actions.
Externality refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.
Dignity refers to the innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers consider all humans as having an inherent
worth or value. “You’re worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the very notion of a person having value or worth.

Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly.

https://www.slideshare.net/AllanBasuga/the-human-person-as-an-embodied-spirit-
160195332
Human persons cannot breathe underwater without the aid of breathing device.

http://www.planctondiving.cat/en/diving/
LIMITATIONS CAN LEAD TO POSSIBILITIES
Transcendence is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually redefining one’s self which works with our facticity
to create change.

2|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]
How do limitations lead to transcendence?
Facticity refers to the things in our life that are already given.
EXAMPLE: LIFE
We are free to define who we are and who we are to be.

Spatial-temporal being. As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation is our

finitude - our finite quality or state. For example, Walang forever, pero meron talaga.
As spatial beings, we are limited by our bodies to be present in two or more places at the same time. We are limited by
space (spatial) and the time (temporal). Our spatial-temporal situation sets our preconditions of understanding.

The Body as Intermediary

Intermediary means acting as a mediator (Merriam-Webster). Having a body may
prevent us from revealing what we really want to express.

How do we communicate with each other? WORDS

But can words really capture the things we want to express? But this limitation can
also be an advantage...

In most cases, words are not enough. EXAMPLE: Magbabago Na Ako Promise!!!

LESSON 3.2: Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence

Many people admire Mark Zuckerberg being a co-founder and CEO of the social-networking website Facebook, which
he started in his college dorm room at Harvard University. He’s one of the world’s youngest billionaires in this
generation.

 Like Mark, all people have dreams that they want to fulfill. If you were finally able to meet your dreams, how
would you feel?
 Do you think your perspective in life will change?
Let us find out the answers in this lesson!
The previous example talks about transcendence or a state of “existence above and
beyond the limits of material experience.”
Transcendence originated from the words Trans, meaning “go beyond”, and
scandare, meaning “climb”.

In the example, fulfilling a dream requires transcendence because it opens a

state of thinking and feeling that there is something more in life than just physical
and material things. Much like Abraham Maslow’s self-actualization concepts,
transcendence is a state of being intrinsically satisfied with life regardless of physical
and tangible factors.
 LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
Here are some limitations and possibilities for transcendence:
- may not occur to everyone
- does not come at a specified period
- varies across all people
- may coincide with physical limitations of the body
- developing a positive outlook in life
- working towards reaching a goal
- learning from experience

3|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]
 POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
It is also important to know that transcendence may be applied to present worries by living in the present. This
means that life is lived from moment to moment in a carefree and cheerful manner where concerns for stress are
reserved for the future, and regrets or guilt feelings are kept in the past.
 THE HUMAN BODY IN IMPOSING LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES
From a biological and physical standpoint, it can be recognized that the human body, although it can perform
many functions, also has limitations. Limits in the environment, demographics, and society may also hinder a
person from reaching transcendence.
Here are some examples:
BODILY LIMITATIONS
- mental and emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, intellectual disability)
- disabilities (e.g. amputated leg, deafness)
- disease and illnesses (e.g. hypertension, cough)
- failures and experiences (e.g. failing a subject)
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS
- socioeconomic status
- location of neighborhood (e.g. armed, disorganized, or violent neighborhood)
- abusive relationships (e.g. emotional abuse)
negative influences (e.g. drug use)
 OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND
Bodily limits can be tested by trying on new experiences and working on challenges with increasing levels of
difficulty. The human body, if given enough exposure to any situation, can attain a goal with efficiency.
Social and environmental limitations are more difficult to overcome than bodily limitations because they
involve the influence of other people and the external world. However, with a proper mindset, clearly defined
goals, and motivation to rise above challenges, one may successfully overcome his or her limitations.
 RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
TRANSCENDENCE
Even though you are still young, you are not prevented from further understanding yourself. Transcendence is
even more possible when you begin to understand that you can go beyond your limitations if you set your mind
on your goals.
SOME POINT TO REMEMBER WHEN GOING BEYOND YOUR LIMITS
- you are connected to the external or eternal world
- challenges are learning opportunities
- your goal is more important than your fears
- think outside the box
- recognize that everyone has fears
TIPS
The terms “transcendent” and transcendental” should not be used interchangeably. According to Immanuel Kant,
“transcendent” is a term used to refer to God, while “transcendental” refers to all other matter. While
transcendence may not occur for everyone, all people have the capacity to experience it regardless of any socio
demographic, biological, or personal factors.

Module 4 - The Human Person in their Environment

Lesson 4.1.1: Notice things that are not in their proper

place and organize them in an aesthetic way
Environmental philosophy is the discipline that studies the moral relationships of
human beings with the environment and its non-human contents. Philosophers
believe that the human person has the ability to change the environment to suit his
purposes. It will enable them to become aware of their relationship and its related
issues in our society and their impact on the lives of human persons.

“What is the world made of?” “How did the world come into being?” and “How
can we explain the process of change?” were philosophical questions already
brought up approximately 600 B.C.E. (before the common era) in the Western lonian
seaport town of Miletus across the Aegean Sea from Athens, Greece.

The speculation of the pre-Socratic philosophers represents a paradigm

shift- a change from mythical explanation of the origins of the cosmos to a more
rational explanation.
Eastern sages probed nature’s depths intuitively through the eyes of spiritual
sages which Greek thinkers viewed nature through cognitive and scientific eyes
(Price 2000). These thinkers were looking for the underlying laws of nature. They
wanted to understand the processes of nature by studying nature itself, not by

4|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]
listening to the stories about the gods.
According to Payne (2010) there are two frameworks where humans can be
related.
1. Anthropocentric Model. Based on the anthropocentric model, humans are superior and central to the universe, thus, it
is human centered.

2. Ecocentric Model. It is the ecological or relational integrity of the humans that provides meaning of our morals and
values and it is nature centered. Devoted to preserving the totality of Earth’s biodiversity and the functioning of its life –
supporting system.

Ecocentric Model
Econcentric model, the ecological or relational integrity of the humans provides meaning of our morals and values and it
is nature centered. Devoted to preserving the totality of Earth’s biodiversity and the functioning of it’s life supporting
system.

5|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]
Lesson 4.2. Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an aesthetic way

Lesson 4.3. Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well being and sustainable development
There are numerous theories to show care for the environment aside from the ecocentric model such as deep ecology,
social ecology and ecofeminism to name some.

6|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]

Lesson 4.4. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environment
A self-supporting college student works part-time as a service crew to be able to fund his education. He earns
PhP2,000.00 more than what he needs to pay for monthly expenses. With this extra money, he could have bought the
expensive watch he always wanted. Thinking practically, he decided to save his money in the bank instead.
1. How will you describe this college student?
2. What qualities does he possess regarding handling his money?
3. How can you relate his behavior to current environment trends?

Find out the answer in this lesson!

Prudence is defined as the ability to have good judgment that allows avoidance of dangers and risks. Meanwhile,
frugality is the act of using money or other resources wisely and practically.

Arising from the discussions, Fromm (2013) suggested a new society that should inspire the development of a new
human being that will nurture prudence and fairness or frugality towards environment. These are some of the functions
of Fromm’s envisioned society:
1. The enthusiasm to offer up all forms of having, in order to fully be.
2. Being fully present where one is.
3. Trying to lessen greed, hate and illusions as much as one is adept.
4. Making the full growth of oneself and of one’s fellow beings the utmost goal of living.
5. Not deceiving others, but also not being deceived by others, one may be called acquitted, but not naïve.
6. Freedom that is not uncertainty but the possibility to be oneself, not as a bundle of greedy desires, but as a
carefully balanced structure that at any moment is threatened with the alternatives of growth or decay, life or death.
7. Happiness in the manner of ever-growing aliveness, whatever the extreme point is the destiny permits one to
reach, for living as full as one can be so agreeable that the concern for what one might not attain has
little chance to develop.
8. Joy that comes from giving and sharing, not from hoarding and manipulating.
9. Developing one’s capacity for love, together with one’s capacity for critical, unsentimental thought.
10. Shedding one’s narcissism and accepting that catastrophic boundaries inherent in human survival.
The ideals of this humanity cross all party lines, for protecting nature needs focused conservation, action, politically
aware and support from business. If all these segments agree on the same goals, the chance of transformation would
seem to be significantly greater, especially since most citizens have become less and less interested in part allegiance and
slogans.
IV. ASSESSMENT
A - DIRECTION: Answer the following questions on a separate paper.
1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider
as difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in?
2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status that you can
reach or achieve in the future?
3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?
4. Do you see yourself improving in 5 – 10 years’ time? How can you say that
you are improving?
5. How can you go beyond your current limitations?

B - Direction: Complete the chart by rewriting your present limitations with reference to your answers in the previous
assessment. Make an action plan towards transcendence. Copy the chart on a separate paper.

7|Page
 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: [email protected]

C – Check your understanding. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Based on your own understanding, relate and contrast the Anthropocentric and Ecocentric Models. Write your answers
inside the circle.

2. Research about animal rights. In your opinion, do animals deserve respect? Why or why not?
3. How do you apprehend the meaning of frugality and prudence toward the environment? Cite three examples

D - Direction: Read carefully and write the letter of your answer on a separate paper.
1. What is the ability to govern and discipline oneself by the use of reason?
a. Transcendence b. Frugality c. Aesthetics d. prudence
2. What is the act of using or other resources wisely and practically?
a. Aesthetics b. Prudence c. Frugality d. Economics
3. What may be a sign of an environmental disorder?
a. Lack of material things c. Lack of friends
b. Lack of resources d. Lack of space
4. Which among the following options is a disorder in the environment?
a. A basket of unwashed dirty clothes c. A garden with dying plants
b. A house with no single plant d. A library with a small number of books
5. In what way can the environment contribute to health and well-being?
a. It can be available anywhere. c. It an produce products that provide medicinal value.
b. It is the source of life. d. It is made up of consumers and producers.
6. In which of the following scenarios is prudence demonstrated?
a. Ordering food that you can consume c. Keeping the lights on all day
b. Searching assignment answers over the internet d. Being friendly to neighbors
7. Lila wants to buy an expensive phone using the money she has been saving since last year. She asked for her friends’
opinions in making her decision.Which among her friends is frugal?
a. Jen suggested that she should spend the money for travel abroad.
b. Marco advised her to spend the money on the expensive phone.
c. Aiza said that the she should go on a shopping spree using the money.
d. Jack suggested that she should keep the money for future, more important uses.
8. Which of the given statements is true?
1. Prudence and frugality can only be applied in one environment.
2. Looking at aesthetics is a way of determining disorder.
a. both statements 1 and 2 b. neither statement 1 nor 2 c. statement 1 d. statement 2
9. what is the role of the environment in achieving sustainable development?
1. It can reproduce resources.
2. It is the venue for producer-consumer relationships.
a. Statement 1 b. Statement 2 c. Neither statement 1 nor 2 d. Both statements 1 and 2
10. Which of the given statements is true about frugality?
1. It is only limited to tangible or solid materials
2. It applies to a select few.
a. Statement 1 b. Both statement 1 and 2 c. Statement 2 d. Neither statement 1 nor 2
V. FEEDBACK
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

8|Page