Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry Exercise Intext 1

Question 1
(a) What are organic compounds?
(b) What is the Vital force theory? Why was it discarded?
Solution 1
(a) Organic chemistry may be defined as the chemistry of hydrocarbons and its derivatives.
(b) Vital Force Theory is a theory made by the Scientist Berzelius in 1809 which assumed
that organic compounds are only formed in living cells and it is impossible to prepare them
in laboratories.
It was discarded because Friedrich Wohler showed that it was possible to obtain an organic
compound(urea) in the laboratory.
Question 2
(a) Name a few sources of organic compounds
(b) Give the various applications of organic chemistry
Solution 2
(a) Few sources of organic compounds are:
Plants
Animals
Coal
Petroleum
Wood
(b) The various applications of organic chemistry is:
It is used in the production of soaps, shampoos, powders and perfumes.
Various fuels like natural gas, petroleum are also organic compounds.
The fabrics that we use to make various dresses are also made from organic compounds.
Question 3
Organic chemistry plays a key role in all walks of life. Discuss
Solution 3
Organic compounds are present everywhere. They are present in:
It is present in the production of soaps, shampoos, powders and perfumes.
It is present in the food we eat like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins etc.
Fuel like natural gas, petroleum are also organic compounds.
Medicines, explosives, dyes, insecticides are all organic compounds.
Thus we can say that organic compounds play a key role in all walks of life.
Question 4
Carbon shows some unique properties, name them.
Solution 4
The unique properties shown by carbon are:
Tetravalency of carbon
Catenation
Isomerism
Question 5
Explain the following:
(a) Tetravalency
(b) Catenation
Solution 5
(a) Tetravalency: Carbon can neither lose nor gain electrons to attain octet. Thus it shares
four electrons with other atoms. This characteristics of carbon by virtue of which it forms
four covalent bonds, is called Tetravalency of carbon.
In structural form :

(b) Catenation: The property of self -linking of atoms of an element through covalent bonds
in order to form straight chains, branched chains and cyclic chains of different sizes is known
as catenation.
Carbon- carbon bond is strong so carbon can combine with other carbon atoms to form
chains or rings and can involve single, double and triple bonds.

Question 6
Write any four properties of organic compounds that distinguish them from inorganic
compounds.
Solution 6
Four properties of organic compound that distinguish them from inorganic compounds are:
(i) Presence of carbon.
(ii) Solubility in the organic solvents.
(iii) Forming of covalent bonds.
(iv) Having low melting and boiling points.
Question 7
Why are organic compounds studied as a separate branch of chemistry?
Solution 7
Due to the unique nature of carbon atom, it gives rise to formation of large number of
compounds. Thus, this demands a separate branch of chemistry.
Question 8
What are Hydrocarbons? Compare saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Solution 8
Hydrocarbons are compounds that are made up of only carbon and hydrogen.
Comparison of saturated and Unsaturated hydrocarbons:
 Saturated Hydrocarbon Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
1. Carbon atoms are joined only by Carbon atoms are joined by double
single bonds. or by triple bonds.
2. They are less reactive due to the They are more reactive due to
non-availability of electrons in the presence of electrons in the double
single covalent bond. or the triple bond.
3. They undergo substitution They undergo addition reaction.
reaction.
Question 9
Give reason for the existence of large numbers of organic compounds
Solution 9
Due to presence of unique properties of carbon like Tetravalency, catenation and Isomerism
large number of organic compounds are formed.
Question 10
Give at least one example in each case to show structure of isomers of
(a) Single bond compound
(b) Double bond compound
(c) Triple bond Compound
Solution 10
(a) Single Bond compound: For example: In pentane

(b) Double bond compound: For example: - In pentene

(c) Triple bond compound: In case of Hexyne:

Question 11
Name a compound of each type and draw the figure.
(a) Cyclic compound with single bond
(b) Cyclic compound with triple bond
Solution 11
(a) Cyclic compound with single bond: cyclopentane
Structure:

(b) Cyclic compound with triple bond: cyclopentyne

Structure:

Question 12
Give the name of one member of each of the following:
(a) Saturated hydrocarbons
(b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Solution 12
The member of each of the following is:
(a) Saturated Hydrocarbon: Hexane (C6H14)
(b) Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: Hexene (C6H12)

Question 13
Define substitution and addition reaction. Give an example for each.
Solution 13
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one atom of a molecule is replaced by another
atom (or group of atoms) is called a substitution reaction.
Addition reaction: A reaction involving addition of atom(s) or molecules(s) to the double or
the triple bond of an unsaturated compound so as to yield a saturated product is known as
addition reaction.
Question 14
Define or explain chain isomerism and position isomerism with examples in each case.
Solution 14
Chain isomerism
Chain isomerism arises due to the difference in arrangement of C atoms in the chain. For
example, there are two isomers of butane, C4H10. In one of them, the carbon atoms lie in a
"straight chain" whereas in the other the chain is branched.

Position isomerism
It is due to the difference in position of functional groups.
For example, there are two structural isomers with the molecular formula C3H7Br. In one of
them, the bromine atom is on the end of the chain, whereas in the other it is attached in the
middle.

Question 15
(a)Define the term isomerism. State two main causes of isomerism?
(b) (b) Draw the chain isomers of hexane (C6H12).
(c) Draw position isomers of butene (C4H8)
Solution 15
(a)Isomerism: Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural
formula are known as isomers and the phenomenon as isomerism.
Two main causes of isomerism are:
Difference in mode of linking of atoms.
Difference in the arrangement of atoms or groups in space.
(b)

(c)
CH2=CHCH2CH3 H3C-CH=CHCH3
1-butene 2-butene
Question 16
Define a functional group and give the structural formula of the following functional
group:
(a) Ketons
(b) Alcohols
(c) Aldehydes
Solution 16
A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that defines the structure (or the properties
of a particular family) of organic compounds.

The structural formula of

(a) Halides :-R-X
Example:

(b)Alcohols:- R-OH
Example:

(c) Aldehydes:-R-CH=O
Example:
Question 17
Write the name and formula of the fourth member of the following homologous series:
a. Alkyne
b. Alcohol
Solution 17
a. Butyne; its formula is C4H6.
b. Butanol; its formula is C4H9OH.
Question 18
Which part of an organic compound determines
(i) Physical properties
(ii) Chemical properties
Solution 18
(i) Physical properties: The alkyl group determines the physical properties.
(ii) Chemical properties: The functional group is responsible for the chemical properties.
Question 19
Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compounds:
(a) CH3OH
(b) C2H5OH
(c) C3H7CHO
(d) C4H9COOH
(e) CH3COOH
(f) HCHO

Solution 19
The alkyl radical and the functional group are:

Sr.No Formula Name of alkyl radical Name of

Functional group
a CH3OH Methyl Alcohol
b C2H5OH Ethyl Alcohol
c C3H7CHO Propyl Aldehyde
d C4H9COOH Butyl Carboxyl
e CH3COOH CH3 COOH
f HCHO H CHO
Question 20
(a) What is an alkyl group?
(b) Give the names of any three alkyl radicals. How are they formed?
Solution 20

(a) An alkyl group is obtained by removing one atom of hydrogen from an alkane molecule.
Alkyl group is named by replacing the suffix 'ane' of the alkane with the suffix -yl.
(b) The name of three alkyl radicals are:
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl

They are formed by removing 1 hydrogen from an alkane.

CH4 -CH3+H+
Methyl
CH3-CH3 CH3-CH2 -+ H+
Ethyl
CH3-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2 -+ H+
Propyl
Question 21
Give the names and the structural formula of the first three members of the homologous
series of alkanes
Solution 21
The names and the structural formula of first three members of the homologous series of
alkane are:
(i)

CH4Methane
(ii)

C2H6Ethane
(iii)

C3H8Propane
Question 22
(a) What is a Homologous series?
(b) What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two adjacent homologues:
(i) In terms of molecular mass
(ii) In terms of number and kind of atoms per molecule?
Solution 22
(a) A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having a similar structure and similar
chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by a CH 2 group.
(b) The difference in molecular formula of any two adjacent homologues is
(i) It differs by 14 a.m.u in terms of molecular mass.
(ii) It differs by three atoms. The kind of atoms it differs is one carbon and two hydrogen.
Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry Exercise Ex. 12A
Question 1(a)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(a)
2,2 dimethyl propane
Question 1(b)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(b)
2-methyl butane
Question 1(c)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(c)
Propene
Question 1(d)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(d)
2,2-dimethyl pentane
Question 1(e)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:
CH3 - C = C - CH2CH2
Solution 1(e)
Pent-2-ene
Question 1(f)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(f)
3-methyl but-1-yne
Question 1(g)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(g)
2,3-dimethyl pentane
Question 1(h)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(h)
3-methyl heptane
Question 1(i)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(i)
2-Butene
Question 1(j)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(j)
Hept-2-yne
Question 1(k)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(k)
5,5-dimethyl hexan-1-al
Question 1(l)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(l)
Pentan-2-ol
Question 1(m)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(m)
4-methyl pentan-1-oic acid
Question 1(n)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(n)
2-bromo-2-methyl butane
Question 1(o)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(o)
1-bromo-3-methyl butane
Question 1(p)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(p)
Prop-1-yne
Question (q)

Solution (q)
Methanal
Question (r)

Solution (r)
Propanol
Question 1(s)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(s)
Ethanoic acid
Question 1(t)
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Solution 1(t)
1,2-dichloroethane
Question 2
Write the structures of the following compounds:
(a) Prop-1-ene
(b) 2,3-dimethylbutane
(c) 2-methylpropane
(d) 3-hexene
(e) Prop-1-yne
(f) 2-methylprop-1-ene
(g) Alcohol with molecular formula C4H10O
Solution 2
The structure of the following compounds are:
(a) Prop-1-ene
CH3-CH=CH2
(b) 2,3-dimethylbutane
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
(c) 2-methylpropane
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3
(d) 3-hexene
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
(e) Prop-1-yne
CH3-C?CH
(f) 2-methylprop-1-ene
CH3-C(CH3)=CH2
(g) Alcohol with molecular formula C4H10O
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
Question 3
Choose the correct answer:
(a) C5H11 is an
(i) Alkane (ii) Alkene (iii) Alkyne (iv) Alkyl group

(b) A hydrocarbon of the general CnH2n is

(i) C15H30 (ii) C12H26 (iii) C8H20 (iv) C6H14

(c) A hydrocarbon with molecular mass 72 is

(i) An alkane(ii) an alkene (iii) an alkyne

(d) The total number of different carbon chains that four carbon atoms form in alkane is
(i) 5 (ii) 4 (iii) 3 (iv) 2

(e) CH3-CH2-OH and CH3-O-CH3 are

(i) Position isomers (ii) chain isomers (iii) homologous (iv) functional group isomers

(f) The IUPAC name of the compound is

(i) 3-trimethylhexane (ii) 3-methyl hexane (iii) 4-methyl hexane

Solution 3
(a) Correct answer: (iv)
CnH2n+1 is the formula for alkyl group. Hence it is C5H11.

(b) Correct answer: (i)

A hydrocarbon of general CnH2n is C15H30.

(c) Correct answer: (ii)

As the formula of Alkene is CnH2n. Thus n+2n=72
3n=72
n=24
By filling value we get the molecular mass 72.

(d) (iv)
The total number of carbon chains that four carbon atoms form in alkane is 2.They are:

(e) Correct answer: (iv)

Alcohol and ether are functional isomers as they have same molecular formula but different
functional groups.

(f) Correct answer: (ii)

The IUPAC name of this compound is: 3-methyl hexane.

Question 4
Fill in the blanks using the appropriate words given in the brackets :
(a) Propane and ethane are________. (Homologues, isomers)
(b) A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an _________ reaction.(substitution,
addition)
(c) Succeeding members of a homologous series differ by______. (CH,CH2,CH3)
(d) As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points ______ and
melting point ______. (increase, decrease)
(e) C25H52 and C50H102 belong to ______ homologous series.(the same, different)
(f) CO is an _______Compound.(organic, inorganic)
(g) The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ........ and the
physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the _______. (functional
group, number of carbon atoms)
(h) CHO is the functional group of an______. (alcohol, aldehyde)
(i) The root in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon
atoms in______. (any chain, principal chain)
(j) But-1-ene and but-2-ene are examples of _____ isomerism. (Chain , position , functional)
Solution 4
(a) Propane and ethane are homologues.
(b) A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an addition reaction.
(c) Succeeding members of a homologous series differ by CH2.
(d) As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points Increase and
melting point increase.
(e) C25H52 and C50H102 belong to the same homologous series.
(f) CO is an organic Compound.
(g) The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the functional
group and the physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the number
of carbon atoms.
(h) CHO is the functional group of an aldehyde.
(i) The root in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon
atoms in Principal Chain.
(j) But-1-ene and but-2-ene are examples of position isomerism.
Question 5
Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds:
a. isomer of n-butane
b. vinegar
c. 2-propanol
d. ethanol
e. acetone
f. diethyl ether
What is used to describe these compounds taken together?
Solution 5
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.
f.
Question 6
a. What is the special feature of the structure of
i. C2H4
ii. C2H2
b. What type of reaction is common to both these compounds? Why does methane not
undergo this type of reaction?
(c) What is IUPAC name of dimethyl ether.
Solution 6
a.
i. (Ethene)
In the above structure, both carbons are bonded
with double bonds.
ii. (Ethyne)
In the above structure, both carbons are bonded
with triple bonds.
b. Addition reactions are common to both these compounds. Methane does not undergo this
type of reaction because it is bounded with four hydrogen atoms, while in ethane, double
bonds break and provide a site for addition.
(c) Methoxymethane
Question 7
Which type of reaction will (i) ethane and (II) ethane undergo?
Solution 7
(i) Ethane undergoes substitution reactions.
(ii) Ethene undergoes addition reactions.
Question 8
Choosing only words from the following list, write down appropriate words to fill in the
blanks from (a) to (e) given below. Addition, carbohydrates, C nH2n-2, CnH2n, CnH2n+2,
electrochemical homologous, hydrocarbon, saturated, substitution, unsaturated.
The alkanes form an (a) ………… series with the general formula (b) ………….. The
alkanes are (c) …………. (d) …………… which generally undergo (e) ………….
reactions.
Solution 8
The alkanes form an (a) electrochemical homologous series with the general formula
(b) CnH2n+2. The alkanes are (c) saturated (d) hydrocarbons which generally undergo
(e) substitution reactions.
Question 9
Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms in each of the
following cases.
a. An alkane with a carbon to carbon single bond
b. An alcohol containing two carbon atoms
c. An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond
Solution 9
a.

b.

c.

Question 10
Ethane, Ethene, Ethanoic acid, Ethyne, Ethanol From the above, name
a. The compound with -OH as the part of its structure.
b. The compound with -COOH as the part of its structure.
c. Homologue of the homologous series with the general formula C nH2n.
Solution 10
a. Ethanol
b. Ethanoic acid
c. Ethene
Question 11
Give the correct IUPAC name and the functional group for each of the compounds
whose structural formulae are given below:
a.

b.

Solution 11
a. Propanal
b. Propanol
Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry Exercise Ex. 12B
Question 1
State the sources of alkanes.
Solution 1
Sources of alkane:
The principal sources of alkanes are Natural gas and petroleum.
Question 2
Methane is a green house gas. Comment.
Solution 2
Methane is a primary constituent of natural gas. It absorbs outgoing heat radiation from the
earth, and thus contributes to the green house effect and so it is considered as a green house
gas.
Question 3
Give the general formula of alkanes.
Solution 3
The general formula of alkane is :
CnH 2n+2
Question 4
Draw the structures of isomers of
(a) Butane (b) Pentane
Write the IUPAC and common names of these isomers
Solution 4
(a)The structures of isomers of butane are:
(i)

Common name:- n-Butane

IUPAC name:- Butane
(ii)

Common name:-iso butane

IUPAC name:- 2-methyl propane
(b) The structures of isomers of Pentane are:
(i)
Common name: n-pentane
IUPAC name:- Pentane
(ii)

Common name:- iso pentane

IUPAC name:- 2-methyl butane
(iii)

Common name- neo pentane

IUPAC name:- 2,2-dimethyl propane
Question 5
Write the
(a) Molecular formula
(b) Electron dot formula and
(c) Structural formula of methane and ethane
Solution 5
For methane:
(a) Molecular formula is CH4
(b) Electron dot formula

(c) Structural formula

For ethane:
(a) Molecular formula is :- C2H6
(b) Electron dot formula:

(a) Structural Formula:

Question 7
How are methane and ethane prepared from methyl iodide and ethyl bromide?
Solution 7
When methyl iodide is reduced by nascent hydrogen at ordinary room temperature then
methane is formed.
CH3I+2[H] CH4+HI
When bromoethane is reduced by nascent hydrogen at ordinary room temperature then ethane
is produced.
C2H5Br+2[H] C2H6+HBr
Question 8
What is substitution reaction? Give the reaction of chlorine with ethane and name the product
formed?
Solution 8
A reaction in which one atom of a molecule is replaced by another atom (or group of atoms)
is called a substitution reaction.
When ethane reacts with chlorine
C2H6 +Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl
Chloroethane
C2H5Cl + Cl2 C2H4Cl2+HCl
Dichloroethane
C2H4Cl2 +Cl2 C2H3Cl3+HCl
Trichloroethane
C2H3Cl3 + Cl2 C2H2Cl4 + HCl
Tetrachloroethane
C2H2Cl4 +Cl2 C2HCl5 +HCl
Pentachloroethane
C2HCl5 +Cl2 C2Cl6 + HCl
Hexachloroethane
Question 9
Name the compounds formed when methane burns in
(a) Sufficient air(b) insufficient air
Give a balanced equation
Solution 9
(a) Sufficient air: When methane burns in sufficient air, then carbon dioxide and water vapors
are formed.
CH4 + 2O2 CO2+2H2O
(b) Insufficient air: When methane burns in insufficient air , then carbon monoxide and water
is formed.
2CH4 + 3O2 2CO + 4H2O
Question 10
Write the names and formula of the products formed when
(a) Methane and (b) ethane, reacts with:
(i) Chlorine (ii) bromine
Write the chemical equations.
Solution 10
(a)
(i) When methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight or UV light, it undergoes
substitution reaction to form Tetrachloromethane.

(ii) When it reacts with bromine it forms Tetrabromoethane

CH4 + Br2 CH3Br + HCl
CH3Br + Br2 CH2Br2 + HCl
Dibromomethane
CH2Br2 + Br2 CHBr3 + HCl
Tribromomethane
CHBr3 + Br2 CBr4 + HCl
Tetrabromomethane
(b)
(i) When ethane reacts with chlorine it forms hexachloroethane.
C2H6 +Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl
Chloroethane
C2H5Cl + Cl2 C2H4Cl2+HCl
Dichloroethane
C2H4Cl2 +Cl2 C2H3Cl3+HCl
Trichloroethane
C2H3Cl3 + Cl2 C2H2Cl4 + HCl
Tetrachloroethane
C2H2Cl4 +Cl2 C2HCl5 +HCl
Pentachloroethane
C2HCl5 +Cl2 C2Cl6 + HCl
Hexachloroethane
(ii) When ethane reacts with bromine it forms Hexabromoethane
C2H6 +Br2 C2H5Br + HBr
Bromoethane
C2H5Br + Br2 C2H4Br2+HBr
Dibromoethane
C2H4Br2 +Br2 C2H3Br3+HBr
Tribromoethane
C2H3Br3 + Br2 C2H2Br4 + HBr
Tetrabromoethane
C2H2Br4 +Br2 C2HBr5 +HBr
Pentabromoethane
C2HBr5 +Br2 C2Br6 + HBr
HexaBromoethane
Question 12(a)
Write the equation for the complete combustion of
(i) methane (ii) ethane.
Solution 12(a)

(i)

(ii)
Question 12(b)
What is pyrolysis or cracking? Explain with an example.
Solution 12(b)
The decomposition of a compound by heat in the absence of air is called Pyrolysis. When
pyrolysis occurs in alkanes, the process is termed cracking.
For example:
Alkanes on heating under high temperature or in the presence of a catalyst in absence of
air broken down into lower alkanes, alkenes and hydrogen.
2CH4 HC?CH + 3H2
Question 13
Convert
(a) Methane into chloroform
(c) Methyl iodide into ethane
Solution 13
(a) Methane into chloroform
CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl+HCl
CH3Cl+Cl2 CH2Cl2+HCl
CH2Cl2+Cl2 CHCl3+HCl
(c) Methyl iodide into ethane
2CH3I +2Na CH3-CH3+2NaI
Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry Exercise Ex. 12C
Question 1
Write : (a) molecular formula , (b) electron dot formula and (c) structural formula of ethene
.(Ethylene)
Solution 1
(a) The molecular formula of ethene is C2H4
(b) Electron dot formula of ethene is:

(c) Structural formula of ethene:

Question 2
The molecules of alkene family are represented by a general formula CnH2n.Answer The
following :
(a) What do n and 2n signify?
(b) What is the name of alkene when n=4?
(c) What is the molecular formula of alkene when n=4?
(d) What is the molecular formula of the alkene if there are ten H atoms in it?
(e) What is the structural formula of the third member of the alkene family?
(f) Write the molecular formula of lower and higher homologous of an alkene which contains
four carbon atoms.
Solution 2
(a) n signifies the number of carbon atoms and 2n signifies the number of hydrogen atoms.
(b) The name of alkene when n=4 is Butene.
(c) The molecular formula of alkene when n=4 is C4H8.
(d) The molecular formula of alkene when there are 10 H atom in it C5H10.
(e) The structural formula of the third member of alkene is

(f) Lower homologus of alkene which contain four carbons is C3H6.

Higher homologus of alkene which contain four carbons is C5H10.
Question 3(a)
Distinguish between the saturated hydrocarbon ethane and the unsaturated hydrocarbon
ethene by drawing their structural formulae.
Solution 3(a)

Ethane Ethene

• •
It has carbon -carbon single bond. It has carbon-carbon double bond
It is saturated. It is unsaturated
Alkanes undergo substitution reaction. Alkenes undergo addition reaction.
Question 3(b)
Draw the structure of isomers of butane and write their IUPAC names.
Solution 3(b)
There are two isomers are possible for butane:

Question 6(a)
Ethylene when reacts with halogens (chlorine and bromine) form saturated products. Name
them and write balanced equations.
Solution 6(a)
Chlorine and bromine are added to the double bond of ethene to form saturated ethylene
chloride and ethylene bromide respectively.

CH2 = CH2 + Cl2 CH2(Cl)-CH2(Cl)

1,2-dichloro ethane

CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2(Br)-CH2(Br)

1,2-dibromo ethane

Question 6(b)
Give the conditions and the main product formed by hydrogenation of ethylene.
Solution 6(b)
When ethene and hydrogen are passed over finely divided catalyst such as platinum or
palladium at ordinary temperature or nickel at 200o C, the two atom of hydrogen molecule are
added to the unsaturated molecule, which thus becomes a saturated one.

C2H4 +H2 C2H6

Question 8
Write the following properties of ethene:
(a) Physical state
(b) Odour
(c) Density as compared to air
(d) Solubility
Solution 8
(a) Physical state: Ethene is a colourless and inflammable gas.
(b) Odour: It has faint sweetish odour.
(c) Density as compared to air: It has density less than one hence it is lighter than air.
(d) Solubility: It is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like
alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Question 9
How would you convert:
(a) Ethene into 1,2-dibromoethane
(b) Ethene into ethyl bromide
Solution 9
(a) Ethene into 1, 2 -dibromoethane: Ethene reacts with bromine at room temperature to form
saturated ethylene chloride.
CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2(Br)-CH2(Br)
1,2-dibromo ethane
(b) Ethene into ethyl bromide: When ethene is treated with HBr bromoethane is formed.
CH2=CH2 + HBr CH3-CH2Br
Ethyl bromide
Question 10
Give balanced equation when:
(a) Ethene is burnt in excess of oxygen
(b) Ethene reacts with chlorine
(c) Ethene combines with Hydrogen chloride
(d) A mixture of ethene and hydrogen is passed over nickel at 2000C.
Solution 10
(a) C2H4+3O2 2CO2 +2H2O + heat
(b) CH2=CH2+Cl2 CH2(Cl)-CH2(Cl)
(c) CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2-Cl

(d) C2H4 +H2 C2H6

Question 11
Give the formula and names of A, B ,C and D in the following equations:

(a) CH4 A B C D
(b) C2H2 A B C D

(c) C2H4 +B C2H6

Solution 11

(a) CH4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3 CCl4

A= monochloromethane
B= dichloromethane
C=Trichloromethane
D=Tetrachloromethane

(b) C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H5Br C2H4Br

A= Ethene
B=ethane
C=bromoethane
D=dibromoethane

(c) C2H4 +H2 C2H6

B= hydrogen
Question 12
Write the name and formula of the productformed in each case below:

(a) C2H4 +Cl2 ______

(b) C2H5Br +KOH (alc.) ______
(c) CH2=CH2 _______
(d) CH2=CH2+HBr _______
Solution 12

(a) C2H4 +Cl2 CH2(Cl)-CH2(Cl)

1,2- dichloro ethane

(b) C2H5Br +KOH (alc.) C2H4 +KBr +H2O

Ethane

(c) CH2=CH2 CH2(OH)-CH2(OH)

1,2- Ethanediol

(d) CH2=CH2+HBr CH3-CH2Cl

chloroethane

Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry Exercise Ex. 12D

Question 1
What are the sources for alkynes? Give the general formula of alkynes.
Solution 1
Natural gas and Petroleum are sources for alkynes.
The general formula of alkynes are:
CnH2n-2
Question 2
Give an example of isomers shown by triple bond hydrocarbon (alkynes) and write its
IUPAC name.
Solution 2
Butyne is an example, its isomers are:

IUPAC name: But-2-yne But-1-yne

Question 4
Give the method of preparation of ethyne by 1,2-dibromoethene.
Solution 4
When 1,2 -dibromoethane is boiled with alcoholic potassium hydroxide ,ethyne is formed.

Question 5
Name the hydrocarbon which:
(a) Is a tetrahedral molecule
(b) Is a planar molecule
(c) Is a linear molecule
(d) Forms a red precipitate with ammoniacal solution of copper (I) chloride
(e) Is known as paraffin
(f) Is known as olefin
(g) A compound which will give acetylene (ethene) gas when treated with water.

Solution 5
(a) The hydrocarbon which is tetrahedral is Methane.
(b) The hydrocarbon which is planar molecule is ethene.
(c) The hydrocarbon which is a linear molecule is Ethyne.
(d) The hydrocarbon which forms a red precipitate with ammoniacal solution of copper
chloride is acetylene.
(e) Alkanes are also called as paraffin.
(f) Alkenes are also called olefin.
(g) Calcium carbide

Question 6
Classify the following compounds as alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
C3H4,C3H8, C5H8, C3H6
Solution 6
The following compounds can be classified as:
C3H4:- Alkynes
C3H8:- Alkanes
C5H8:- Alkynes
C3H6:- Alkenes
Question 7
Give a chemical test to distinguish between
(a) Saturated and unsaturated compounds.
(b) Ethane and ethene
(c) Ethene (ethylene) and ethyne (acetylene)
Solution 7
Chemical test to distinguish :
(b) Ethane and ethene:

S.No. Test Ethane Ethene

1. On adding a few drops No change is The reddish
of bromine solution in observed brown colour
carbon tetrachloride to gets
the hydrocarbon decolorized
2. On adding a few drops No change is The purple
of alkaline potassium observed colour fades.
permanganate (purple
colour) to the
hydrocarbon

(c) Ethene and ethyne:

S.No. Test Ethene Ethyne
 1. On adding a few drops of No change is Red precipitate of
ammonical cuprous chloride observed copper acetylide is
to the hydrocarbon formed
2. On adding ammonical silver No observation White precipitate of
nitrate silver acetylide is
formed.

Question 8
Compound X bubbled through bromine dissolved in CCl4

(a) Draw the structure of X.

(b) State your observation during the reaction.
Solution 8
(a) HC≡CH
(b) Brown colour of CCl4 disappeared due to formation of addition product, i.e. 1, 2-dibromo
ethane.
Question 9
Give balanced equations for the following conversations.
(a) An alkene to an alkane
(b) An alkene to an alcohol
(c) An alkyne to a alkene
Solution 9
(a) An alkene to an alkane

(b) An alkene to an alcohol

(c) An alkyne to an alkene

Question 10
Name the products formed and write an equation when ethyne is added to the following
in an inert solvent:
(a) Chlorine
(b) Bromine
(c) Iodine
(d) hydrogen
(e) excess of hydrochloric acid

Solution 10
(a) Ethyne in an inert solvent of carbon tetrachloride adds chlorine to change into 1,2-
dichloro ethene with carbon-carbon double bond, and then to an 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro ethane
with carbon-carbon single bond.
C2H2 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl4
1,2-dichloro ethene1,1,2,2 -tetrachloro ethane
(b) Ethyne in an inert solvent of carbon tetrachloride adds bromine to change into 1,2-
dibromo ethene and then to 1,1,2,2 -tetrabromo ethane .
C2H2 C2H2Br2 C2H2Br4
(c) Iodine reacts slowly in the presence of alcohol to form di-iodo ethene
CH CH +I2 ICH=CHI
1,2-di-iodoethene
(d) In the presence of nickel, platinum or palladium ethyne change to ethene and then to
ethane.
CH CH CH2=CH2 CH3-CH3

(e)

Question 12.
(ii)An alcohol from ethyl bromide.

(b) What would you see, when ethyne is bubbled through a solution of bromine in
carbon tetrachloride?
(c) Name the addition product formed between ethene and water
Solution 12

ii.

(b) When bromine in carbon tetrachloride is added to ethyne, the orange colour of the
bromine disappears due to the formation of the colourless ethylene bromide.
(c) Water reacts with ethene to form ethanol.
CH2=CH2 +H2O C2H5OH
Question 3
Give reasons:
(a) Ethyne is more reactive than ethene.
(b) Ethene is more reactive then ethane.
(c) Hydrocarbons are excellent fuels.
Solution 3
(a) Ethyne is a highly reactive compound than ethene because of the presence of a triple bond
between its two carbon atoms.
(b) Ethene is a highly reactive compound than ethane because of the presence of a double
bond between its two carbon atoms.
(c) Hydrocarbons such as alkanes undergo combustion reactions with oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water vapour. Alkanes are flammable which makes them excellent fuels.
Methane for example is the principal component of natural gas.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Question 4
a. Write balanced equations:
i. When butane is burnt in oxygen.
ii. Preparation of ethylene from ethyl alcohol.
b.
i. Convert ethane to acetic acid
ii. Convert acetylene to ethane
iii. Convert acetic acid to ethyl alcohol
iv. Convert acetic acid to ethyl acetate
Solution 4
a.
i.
ii.
b.

i.
ii.

iii.

iv.

Question 6
(a) Write the equation for the preparation of carbon tetrachloride from methane.
(b) Draw the structure formula of ethyne.
(c) How is the structure of alkynes different from that of alkenes?
Solution 6
(a)Preparation of carbon tetrachloride from methane:

CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl +HCl

CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 +HCl
CH2Cl2 +Cl2 CHCl3 +HCl
CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4 +HCl

(b)Structural formula of ethyne:

(c)Alkynes contain triple bond whereas alkenes contain double bond.