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Signals and Systems Lecture Notes 5 OTU

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Signals and Systems Lecture Notes 5 OTU

Uploaded by

Abdullah Razi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ELEE 

3110U Signals and Systems 

Lecture 5
Prof. Min Dong
Dept. of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering
Ontario Tech University

1 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019


CT and DT Systems
System: A process that transforms input signals into output 
signals
• CT systems

• DT systems

2 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
CT and DT Systems
Example 1: RC circuit 

3 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
CT and DT Systems
Example 2: 𝑓 𝑡
𝑓 𝑡 : force
𝑣 𝑡 : velocity
𝜌: friction coefficient
𝜌𝑣 𝑡

4 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
CT and DT Systems
Example 3:  balance in a bank account

: balance at the end of month
: net deposit
Interest: 2% per month

5 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Interconnections of Systems
• Many real systems are built as interconnections of several 
subsystems
• Basic system interconnections:
 Series (cascade) interconnection

6 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Interconnections of Systems
• Many real systems are built as interconnections of several 
subsystems
• Basic system interconnections:
 Parallel interconnection

7 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Interconnections of Systems
 Series‐parallel interconnection: combination of two types

8 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Interconnections of Systems
 Feedback interconnection

9 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
1. Memory or memoryless systems
2. Causality
3. Stable or non‐stable systems
4. Invertible or non‐invertible systems
5. Time invariance
6. Linearity

10 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Systems with and without memory
• Memoryless systems: if 𝑦 𝑡 depends only on 𝑥 𝑡 , ∀𝑡

• Systems with memory: if 𝑦 𝑡 depends on past or future 
of 𝑥 𝑡

11 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Systems with and without memory

12 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Invertible and non‐invertible systems
• Invertible system:  if distinct inputs leads to distinct outputs

• Non‐invertible system: distinct inputs lead to same output

13 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Invertible and non‐invertible systems

14 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Causal and non‐causal systems
• Causal systems: 
Output 𝑦 𝑡 at 𝑡 depends only on input 𝑥 𝑡 , for 𝑡 𝑡

• Non‐causal systems: 

Output 𝑦 𝑡 at 𝑡 depends on input  𝑥 𝑡 at future time

15 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Causal and non‐causal systems
• Examples

16 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Stability
• Stable system: Bounded‐Input‐Bounded‐Output (BIBO)

17 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Time invariance (TI) 
• Time invariant systems: a time shift in input signal results 
in an identical time shift in output signal

18 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Time invariance (TI)
• Time invariant systems
Examples:

19 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Basic System Properties
Linear and non‐linear systems
• Linear systems:

20 Copyright©2019, Min Dong,  ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019

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