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Department of Electrical Engineering Communication Systems

The document is a lab manual for a frequency modulation experiment. It contains 3 sections: 1. Objectives and equipment required for the lab, which is to perform frequency modulation using MATLAB. 2. Theory on how frequency modulation works by changing the carrier frequency in line with the message signal amplitude. 3. Lab tasks which involve implementing a frequency modulator in MATLAB and plotting modulated signals for sawtooth and digital inputs to analyze the results. Angle modulation is discussed as providing better immunity to noise than amplitude modulation.

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aymen gulzar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Department of Electrical Engineering Communication Systems

The document is a lab manual for a frequency modulation experiment. It contains 3 sections: 1. Objectives and equipment required for the lab, which is to perform frequency modulation using MATLAB. 2. Theory on how frequency modulation works by changing the carrier frequency in line with the message signal amplitude. 3. Lab tasks which involve implementing a frequency modulator in MATLAB and plotting modulated signals for sawtooth and digital inputs to analyze the results. Angle modulation is discussed as providing better immunity to noise than amplitude modulation.

Uploaded by

aymen gulzar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Department of Electrical Engineering


Communication Systems

Lab Manual 7

Frequency Modulation

Name of Student: Aymen Gulzar


Roll number: 18-EE-88

Rubrics Marks Obtained


Data Presentation 5
Data Analysis and interpretation 5
Total 10

Prepared By
Engr. Zainab Shahid Awan

1|Page Digital Image Processing Lab Manual


Lab Objectives
To perform the Frequency modulation using Matlab.

Equipment Required
 Laptop/Computer with MATLAB installed.

Theory:

To generate a frequency modulated signal, the frequency of the radio carrier is changed in line
with the amplitude of the incoming audio signal.

Equation of frequency modulated signal is:

Where Kf is deviation ratio which is the ratio of frequency deviation over message signal
frequency.
fc is the frequency of carrier signal
m(t) is message signal and Ac is the amplitude of carrier

Lab Task:
Perform the following task and paste the codes and screenshot of your results

2|Page Digital Image Processing Lab Manual


Task1:
Using the above equation implement the frequency modulator and show the results in time
domain.

Modulated Signal:

3|Page Digital Image Processing Lab Manual


Task2:
For sawtooth and digital inputs plot frequency modulated signals and explain the results.

Modulated Signal:

4|Page Digital Image Processing Lab Manual


In the above signal, the yellow lines show the message signal which is sawtooth wave, while blue
lines are indicating the modulated signal. When the amplitude decreases from maximum to minimum,
the frequency also decreases within that region and vice versa.

What are the advantages of Angle modulation over amplitude modulation?

• FM has the ability to suppress noise, which is probably the biggest advantage of FM compared
toAM.
–FM receivers can be fitted with amplitude limiters to remove amplitude variations causedby
noise, making FM more immune to noise. This is called FM Thresholding.
–In AM, once the signal has been contaminated by noise, noise could not be removed.
–Signal to noise ratio can be improved further by increasing the frequency deviation of FM
signals.
–Reduced noise improves system fidelity.
• Angle modulated signals are more power efficient.
–Amplitude of FM or PM wave remains constant.
–Amplitude is independent of modulation depth.
–Low level modulation may be used, but all subsequent amplifiers can be class C and therefore
more power efficient.
–All transmitted power in FM are useful, making it more power efficient.
• Standard frequency allocations provide
guard band between FM broadcast stations, so there isless adjacent channel interferenc

Which of the two types give better immunity to noise (Angle modulation or
amplitude modulation)?

Angle modulation gives better immunity to noise.


PM has all the noise immunity properties of FM except the noise triangle. But under identical
conditions FM will be 4.75dB better than PM for noise immunity. FM can be made more noise
resistance through higher frequency deviation, and use of limiters.

5|Page Digital Image Processing Lab Manual

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