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Comparison Between - MB - BE - FD

The document compares three particle statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac. Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics apply to distinguishable particles that can occupy the same energy state. Bose-Einstein statistics apply to indistinguishable particles where multiple particles can occupy the same state. Fermi-Dirac statistics apply to indistinguishable particles where only one particle can occupy each state. Examples of each include photons and helium for Bose-Einstein, and electrons and protons for Fermi-Dirac. Maxwell-Boltzmann is a good approximation for particles that don't follow quantum statistics strictly.

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Soumajit Das
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428 views

Comparison Between - MB - BE - FD

The document compares three particle statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac. Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics apply to distinguishable particles that can occupy the same energy state. Bose-Einstein statistics apply to indistinguishable particles where multiple particles can occupy the same state. Fermi-Dirac statistics apply to indistinguishable particles where only one particle can occupy each state. Examples of each include photons and helium for Bose-Einstein, and electrons and protons for Fermi-Dirac. Maxwell-Boltzmann is a good approximation for particles that don't follow quantum statistics strictly.

Uploaded by

Soumajit Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comparison between Maxwell-

Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-


Dirac statistics
These three statistics concern when how particles occupy a system which consists

of several energy levels (and each energy level could also have several energy

states). A particle in this system can be in one of those energy levels depending on

the energy particle has. It’s impossible to have just one particle in a system since in

real life it needs various particles to constitute a system. They occupy the levels

under a statistics rule. There are three statistics:

 Particles which are regulated by Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics have to be

distinguishable each other and one energy state can be occupied by two or

more particles. Distinguishable means that if we have 2 particles, let say A

and B, also two states, 1 and 2, and we put A to state 1 and B to state 2, it

will be different with the distribution A to state 2 and B to state 1. It

means that A and B are distinct.

 Particles which are regulated by Bose-Einstein Statistics have to be

indistinguishable each other and one energy state can be occupied by two

or more particles. So instead of saying it as particle A or B, we call it as

just “particle” since they are the same thing.


 Particles which are regulated by Fermi-Dirac Statistics have to be

indistinguishable each other and one energy state can be occupied by only

one particle. So we have to fill it to another state when a state has just

been occupied by another particle.

 Maxwell Boltzmann statistics is applicable to identical, distinguishable particle

of any type spin. The molecules of gas are particle of this type.

 Bose Einstein statistics is applicable to the identical, indistinguishable particles

of zero or integral spin. These particles are called Bosons. Example photons,

Helium atom.

 Fermi Dirac statistics is applicable to the identical, indistinguishable particles

of half integral spin. These particles obey Pauli Exclusion Principle .Ex

Electron, proton etc.

 Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics apply to “classical” particles with non-

quantized energy levels. It turns out there aren’t any truly classical particles,

but M-B statistics is still a good approximation in many cases.

 Bose–Einstein statistics apply to quantum particles with the property that

any number of particles can occupy any level. It turns out these are the

particles with integral “spin” such as photons and Helium-4 (but not Helium-

3) atoms.
 Fermi–Dirac statistics - apply to quantum particles with the property that

only one particle can occupy any particular level. It turns out these are the

particles with half-integral “spin” such as electrons, neutrons and Helium-3

atoms.

 Both BE and FD statistics converge (from opposite directions) on M-B

statistics when the density of particles is small compared to the Quantum

concentration, where the inter-particle distance is comparable to the de

Broglie wavelength.

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