Design of Beam:528

Grade of concrete M 25 Grade of steel = Fe 500

Reference Step Calculation Result

1 Known Data
Overall depth of beam, D = 650 mm D= 650 mm
Width of beam, b = 350 mm b= 350 mm
Assuming 20 mm dia. Reinforcement,
Clear cover = 20 mm
Effective cover, d' = 30 mm
Effective depth, d = 620 mm d= 620 mm

2 Check for members stress

IS 13920:1993 Factored Axial stress = 0
(Cl. 6.1.1) Axial Stress < 0.1fck
Hence, Design as flexural member.

3 Check for member

IS 13920:1993
(Cl. 6.1.3) Width of beam, b = 350 mm > 200 mm

(Cl. 6.1.2) Depth of beam, D = 650 mm

b/D = 0.538 > 0.3
Hence, OK.

c/c length of beam = 7m

Clear span length, L = 6.35 m
(Cl. 6.1.4) L/D ratio = 9.769 > 4 OK.

4 Check for limiting longitudinal reinforcement

IS 13920:1993
(Cl. 6.2.1(b)) Min. reinforcement,
Astmin = (0.24√fck/fy)*100%
= (0.24*√25/500)*100%
= 0.0537 %
So, Astmin = 0.0537% * d* b Astmin =
= 116.454 mm2 116.454 mm2

IS 13920:1993 Max. reinforcement,

(Cl. 6.2.2) Astmax = 0.025*b*d
= 0.025*350*620 Astmax =
= 5425.000 mm2 5425.000 mm2

5 Design of Flexure
SP 16 For beam 528
(Table D) Mulim = 3.33*b*d2
= 448018200 N-mm Mulim =
= 448.018 kN-m 448.018 kN-m

At Right end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 425.981 kN-m From SAP 2000
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam.

d'/d = 0.05
Mu/(b*d2) = 3.166
SP 16
TABLE 3 Pt = 0.663 % Pt = 0.663 %(Top)

Ast = Pt% * b *d Ast = 1438.71 mm2

= 1438.71 mm 2
> Astmin Asc = 719.355 mm2
Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.
Asc = 50% of Ast
= 719.355 mm2

IS 13920:1993 Top = 1438.710 mm2

Cl 6.2.3 Bottom = 719.355 mm2 > 50% of Top Reinforcement, O.K

For Top,
 Provide 25 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.
No. of rods=
= 1438.710*4/(π*25*25)
= 2.931 » 5 Top= 2454.36926 mm2

Provide 5-25mm dia. Rods at top.

For Bottom,
Provide 25 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.
No. of rods= Bottom/(π*Φ2/4)
= 719.355*4/(π*25*25)
= 1.465 » 3 Bottom= 1472.62156 mm2

Provide 3-25 mm dia. Rods at bottom.

At maximum moment
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 0 kN-m From SAP 2000
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam.

d'/d = 0.05
Mu/(b*d2) = 0.000
SP 16
table 1 Pt = 0.07 % Pt = 0.07 %(Top)
Pc = 0.0355 % Pc = 0.035 %(Bottom)

Ast = Pt% * b *d Ast = 151.9 mm2

= 151.9 mm2 > Astmin Asc = 77.035 mm2 444444

Asc = Pc% * b *d
= 77.035 mm2
SP 16 For sagging moment (+ve moment)
(Table 3) Mu = 271.8447 kN-m
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam.

Mu/(b*d2) = 2.021

Pt = 0.51888 % Pt = 0.51888 %(Bottom)

Asreq = Pt% * b *d
= 1125.970 mm2 > Astmin
Astreq= 1125.970 mm2
Asc must be at least 50% of Ast. Ascreq = 562.985 mm2
Asc = 50% * Ast
= 562.985 mm2

At maximum moment
Top = 562.985 mm2
Bottom = 1125.970 mm2

For Top,
Provide 25 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.
No. of rods= Top/(π*Φ2/4)
= 562.985*4/(π*25*25)
= 1.147 » 2 Asc Top= 981.747704 mm2
generally one bar is not provided.so,provied 2 bar
Provide 2- 25 mm dia. Rods at top.

For Bottom,
Provide 25 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.
No. of rods= Bottom/(π*Φ2/4)
= 1125.970*4/(π*25*25)
= 2.294 » 3 Ast Bottom= 1472.62156 mm2

Provide 3-25mm dia. Rods at bottom

At left end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 517.2454 kN-m
Mu > Mulim
Hence, Doubly reinforced beam.

Mu/(b*d2) = 3.845
SP 16
(Table 55 Pt = 1.0698 % Pt = 1.0698 %(Top)
Pc= 0.13225 %

Ast = Pt% * b *d Ast = 2321.466 mm2

= 2321.466 mm2 > Astmin Asc = 1160.733 mm2

Asc = Pc%*b*d
= 286.9825 mm2
Asc must be at least50% of Ast
Asc= 1160.733
At left end
Top = 2321.47 mm2
Bottom = 1160.733 mm2

For Top,
Provide 25 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.
No. of rods= Top/(π*Φ2/4)
= 2321.47/(π*25*25/4)
= 4.729 » 5 Top 2454.36926 mm2
Pt(provided) 1.13104574 %
Provide 5-25mm dia. Rods at top.

For Bottom,
Provide 25 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.
No. of rods= Bottom/(π*Φ2/4)
= 1160.733*4/(π*25*25)
= 2.365 » 3 Bottom= 1472.62156 mm2
Pc(provided) 0.67862745 %
Provide 3-25 mm dia. Rods at bottom.
444

6 Check for Shear

a. Tensile reinforcement provided at Left end
Pt= (5*π*25*25)/(4*350*620)*100
= 1.131 %

IS 456:2000 Permissible shear strength of concrete,

(Table 19) tc = 0.67144 N/mm2

Design shear strength of concrete,

Vc = tc *b*d
= 0.67144*350*620 Pt= 1.1310 %
= 145702.48 N tc = 0.67144 N/mm2
= 145.70248 kN Vc = 145.70248 kN

b. Tensile reinforcement provided at midspan

Pt= (3*π*25*25)/(4*350*620)*100
= 0.678 %

IS 456:2000 Permissible shear strength of concrete,

(Table 19) tc = 0.5470 N/mm2

Design shear strength of concrete,

Vc = tc *b*d
= 0.5470*350*620 Pt= 0.6780 %
= 118690.32 N tc = 0.5470 N/mm2
= 118.69032 kN Vc = 118.69032 kN

c. Tensile reinforcement provided at right end

Pt= (5*π*25*25)/(4*350*620)*100
= 1.131 %

IS 456:2000 Permissible shear strength of concrete,

(Table 19) tc = 0.67144 N/mm2

Design shear strength of concrete,

Vc = tc *b*d
= 0.67144*350*620 Pt= 1.1310 %
= 145702.48 N tc = 0.67144 N/mm2
= 145.70248 kN Vc = 145.70248 kN
 Shear Force due to Plastic Hinge at End of beam
The additional shear due to formation
of plastic hinges at both ends of the beam.

Vsway to right
Vu,a = VaD+L - 1.4 ((Mu As + Mu Bh)/LAB)
Vu,b = VbD+L + 1.4 ((Mu As + MuBh)/LAB)

Vsway to left
Vu,a = VaD + L+1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
Vu,b = VbD+L - 1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)

where,
Mu As = Sagging moment of resistance at left end
MuBh = hogging moment of resistance at right end
MuAh = hogging moment of resistance at left end
MuBs = Sagging moment of resistance at right end

Mu= 0.87fy*Ast*d (1-(Ast*fy) /(b*d*fck))

For a Pt=1.131% and Pc=0.67% provided at left end of beam

Using Sp 16 whichever gives lowest value

〖𝑀𝑢〗 ^ 4.1
𝐴ℎ/ 〖𝑏
𝑑〗 ^2 == 551.614 KNm
〖𝑀𝑢〗 ^𝐴ℎ
Similarly,
〖𝑀𝑢〗 ^𝐵ℎ= 551.614 KNm

0.87*500*1472.6216*620(1-(1472.6216*500)/(350*620*25))
〖𝑀𝑢〗 ^𝐴𝑠=
= 343260480 N-mm
= 343.260 kN-m 555
0.87*500*1472.6216*620(1-(1472.6216*500)/(350*620*25))
〖𝑀𝑢〗 ^𝐵𝑠=
= 343260488 N-mm
= 343.260 kN-m

Va = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
Vb = 1.2(DL+LL)/2

From SAP 2000

1.5(DL+LL)= 656.471 KN
Va= 346.575 kN
Vb= 309.896 kN
IS 13920
(Cl. 6.3.3) VaD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= (1.2*656.471)/(1.5*2)
= 262.588 kN

VbD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= (1.2*656.588/(1.5*2)
= 262.588 kN

Vsway to right
Shear at left end for sway to right
Vu,a = VaD+L - 1.4 ((Mu As + Mu Bh)/LAB)

= 83.614 KN
Shear at right end for sway to right
Vu,b = VbD+L + 1.4 ((Mu As + MuBh)/LAB)

= 441.563 kN

Vsway to left
Shear at left end for sway to left
Vu,a = VaD + L+1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)

= 441.563 kN
Shear at right end for sway to left
Vu,b = VbD+L - 1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)

= 83.614 kN
 Calculated Shear Force as per analysis:
SF at left end = 346.575 kN
SF at midspan = 73.812 kN
SF at right end = 309.896 kN

The design shear force to be resisted shall be maximum of

shear force obtained from analysis and shear force obtained
from the formation of plastic hinges at both ends of the beam
plus factored load on the span.

Hence, design shear forces are:

At Left end, Vu = 441.563 kN Maximum of analysis and
At midspan = 178.9748 kN corresponding hinge formation
At Right end, Vu = 441.563 kN

7 Design of Shear reinforcement

IS 456:2000 Providing 2 legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups

(Cl. 26.5.1.6) Asv= (2*p*8^2/4)
Sv max = (0.87fy*Asv)/(0.4b) = 100.530965 mm2

= 312.364 mm
But in no case shall the spacing exceeds 300 mm
IS 456:2000 Max. spacing = 0.75d
(Cl. 26.5.1.5)
= 465 mm

a. At left end

Vu= 441.563 kN
IS 456:2000 Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left end
(Cl. 40.4) Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
= 295860.52 N Vus= 295.861 kN
= 295.861 kN

IS 456:2000 Spacing required at left end =

(Cl. 40.4.a) Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)

= 91.642 mm
Since

IS 13920:1993 Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either end of beam shall be

(Cl.6.3.5) lesser of :
d/4= 620/4 155 mm
8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar= 8*25
= 200 mm
At support
Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 130mm c/c upto length of Sv= 130mm up to 1240mm length
2*620 1240 mm from the inner face of the column

b. At midspan

Vu= 178.9748 kN
IS 456:2000 Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left end
(Cl. 40.4) Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
=
= 60284.48 N Vus= 60.28448 kN
= 60.28448 kN

IS 456:2000 Spacing required at left end =

(Cl. 40.4.a) Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)

= 449.750 mm > Svmax

Provide Sv= 260 mm Sv= 260 mm mm c/c

Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 260mm c/c

IS 13920:1993 Spacing should not be greater than d/2 = 310 mm

(Cl.6.3.5)

Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 260mm c/c Sv= 260 mm c/c

c. At Right end

Vu= 441.563 kN
IS 456:2000 Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left end
(Cl. 40.4) Vus= Vu-tc*b*d

= 295860.520 N Vus= 295.861 kN

= 295.861 kN

IS 456:2000 Spacing required at left end =

(Cl. 40.4.a) Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)

= 91.642 mm

IS 13920:1993 Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either end of beam shall be

(Cl.6.3.5) lesser of :
d/4= 520/4 155 mm
8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar= 8*25
= 200 mm
At support
Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 130mm c/c upto length of Sv= 130mm up to 1240mm length
2*520 1240 mm from the inner face of the column

8 Check for development length

IS 456:2000 Ld= (fs*Φ)/(4tbd*1.6)

(Cl. 26.2.1),
IS 456:2000 tbd= 1.4 for M25
(Cl. 26.2.1.1)
Ld= 1416.015625
= 1416.016 mm

IS 456:2000 Ld' < (1.3M1/V)+Lo

(Cl. 26.2.3.3.c)
M1 =(0.87fy*Ast*d)(1-((Ast*fy/(b*d*fck))
= 512205739 N-mm
= 512.206 kNm

V= 441.563 kN
Lo = 12Φ or d
12Φ= 300 mm < d =620mm
Lo= 620
Now,
Ld'< 2127.978 mm Ld = 1416.016 mm
Ld < Ld' OK
Hence, the design is safe.

IS 13920:1993 Anchorage of beam bars in external joints

(Cl.6.2.5) Anchorage length = Ld + 10Φ

= 1666.016 mm

9 Lap Splice
The longitudinal bars shall be spliced.
a) Not more than 50% of the bars shall be spliced at one section.
b) If hoops are provided over the entire splice length
at a spacing not exceeding 150 mm.

Lap splice shall not be spliced within:

i. joints
ii. Distance (2*d'eff) from the face of joint = 1240 mm
iii. Quarter length of member where flexural yielding may occur.

10 Check for deflection for beams

We have,at mid span
Astreq/Astprov= 1125.970/1472.6216
= 0.765

fs= 0.58*fy*Astreq/Astprov
= 0.58*500*0.765 Ast req= 1125.970 mm2
= 221.850 Astpro= 1472.62156 mm2

Pt= Astprov/(b*D)
IS 456:2000
(Cl.23.2.1.a) = 0.647 %
(Fig. 4)
α= 1.24
 β= 1.12
ϒ= 1

M.F.= 1.3888
Allowable (span/depth)= 23 * M.F.
= 23*1.3888
= 31.9424

Provided (span/depth)= 7000/620

= 11.290 <31.9424 O.K

Here the maximum span/depth ratio is smaller than its allowable value.
Hence, the design is safe in deflection.