COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

WORKSHEETS
IN
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION | ITS 204
MERCADO,CHRISTOPHER
________________________x
(Student’s Name)

LEAH ACABAL-PILEO
Instructor, ITS 209
 ITS 204 | Hardware and Software Installation
CHAPTER I
Introduction to Computer
Direction:Write your answer inside the area provided on each number. If your answer will not fit, use the back page of the paper and indicate the number.

Define the following terms with your own understanding:

1. Computer
Is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a
variable program.

2. Computer Hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the case, central processing unit, monitor, mouse,
keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.
3. Computer Software
software is the set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.
4. INPUT DEVICE
input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a
computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks,
and microphones.
5. OUTPUT DEVICE
is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human-readable form. It can be text, graphics,
tactile, audio, and video. Some of the output devices are Visual Display Units i.e. a Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output devices,
Plotters, Speakers etc

Answer the following questions:

1. How do computers work?

The computer does its primary work in a part of the machine we cannot see, a control center that converts
data input to information output. The CPU interacts closely with primary storage, or main memory, referring to
it for both instructions and data.

2. Why are computers important?

Computer has become very important nowadays because it is very much accurate, fast and can accomplish many tasks
easily. Otherwise to complete those tasks manually much more time is required. It can do very big calculations in just a
fraction of a second. Moreover it can store huge amount of data in it

3. Describe how the Internet changes our everyday life and human life in general.

The Internet is bringing culture closer to more people, making it more easily and quickly accessible; it is also
nurturing the rise of new forms of expression for art and the spread of knowledge. Some would say, in fact, that
the Internet is not just a technology, but a cultural artifact in its own right.
The world is now a global city and the internet is in a lot way responsible for that. With the power of web and
smartphones, we can now connect with anyone, anytime from anywhere.
4. Make Research and describe the evolution of computers the very beginning up to now. Discuss it here.
First Generation Computers
The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms. These computers were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a
great deal of electricity, the first computers generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. It would take operators
days or even weeks to set-up a new problem. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output
was displayed on printouts.

The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was
the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
Second Generation Computers
The world would see transistors replace vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers. The transistor
was invented at Bell Labs in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.

The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper,
more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still
generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the
vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.

From Binary to Assembly

Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly,
languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages
were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the
first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic
core technology.
Third Generation Computers
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors
were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed
and efficiency of computers.

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards
and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different
applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time
became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
Fourth Generation Computers
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the
hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central
processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and
more everyday products began to use microprocessors.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of
GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

Fifth Generation
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are
some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years
to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input
and are capable of learning and self-organization.

ITS 204 | Hardware and Software Installation

CHAPTER II
Overview on Computer Hardware
Direction:Write your answer inside the area provided on each number. If your answer will not fit, use the back page of the paper and indicate the number.

Define the following terms with your own understanding:

1. Keyboard
A computer keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a computer. Similar to an electric typewriter, a
keyboard is composed of buttons that create letters, numbers, and symbols, as well as perform other functions

2. Mouse
A computer mouse is a handheld hardware input device that controls a cursor in a GUI (graphical user interface) and
can move and select text, icons, files, and folders on your computer.

3. Joystick
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle .

4. Digitizer
A digitizer is a hardware device that receives analog information, such as sound or light, and records it digitally.
Usually, the information is stored in a file on a computing device.

5. Plotter
A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for printing vector graphics. Instead of toner,
plotters use a pen, pencil, marker, or another writing tool to draw multiple, continuous lines onto paper rather than a
series of dots like a traditional printer

6. Microphone
a microphone is a hardware peripheral and input device originally invented by Emile Berliner in 1877. A microphone
allows computer users to input audio into their computers. 

Answer the following questions:

1. How do Input and Output Device Differ?
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the
results of that processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer and output devices only receive the
output of data from another device.

2. List the most interesting computer innovations (Software, Hardware) which will make our life better.
 BRAIN MAPPING
 Telemedicine
 NEUROMORPHIC CHIPS
 GENOME EDITING
 MICROSCALE 3-D PRINTING
 MOBILE COLLABORATION
 OCULUS RIFT

3. How did computers change the process of education?

Technology has impacted almost every aspect of life today, and education is no exception. Or is it? In some ways,
education seems much the same as it has been for many years. A 14th century illustration by Laurentius de Voltolina
depicts a university lecture in medieval Italy. The scene is easily recognizable because of its parallels to the modern day.
The teacher lectures from a podium at the front of the room while the students sit in rows and listen. Some of the
students have books open in front of them and appear to be following along. A few look bored. Some are talking to their
neighbors. One appears to be sleeping. Classrooms today do not look much different, though you might find modern
students looking at their laptops, tablets, or smart phones instead of books (though probably open to Facebook). A cynic
would say that technology has done nothing to change education.

However, in many ways, technology has profoundly changed education. For one, technology has greatly expanded
access to education. In medieval times, books were rare and only an elite few had access to educational opportunities.
Individuals had to travel to centers of learning to get an education. Today, massive amounts of information (books,
audio, images, videos) are available at one’s fingertips through the Internet, and opportunities for formal learning are
available online worldwide through the Khan Academy, MOOCs, podcasts, traditional online degree programs, and
more. Access to learning opportunities today is unprecedented in scope thanks to technology.

Opportunities for communication and collaboration have also been expanded by technology. Traditionally, classrooms
have been relatively isolated, and collaboration has been limited to other students in the same classroom or building.
Today, technology enables forms of communication and collaboration undreamt of in the past. Students in a classroom
in the rural U.S., for example, can learn about the Arctic by following the expedition of a team of scientists in the region,
read scientists’ blog posting, view photos, e-mail questions to the scientists, and even talk live with the scientists via a
videoconference. Students can share what they are learning with students in other classrooms in other states who are
tracking the same expedition. Students can collaborate on group projects using technology-based tools such as wikis and
Google docs. The walls of the classrooms are no longer a barrier as technology enables new ways of learning,
communicating, and working collaboratively.
4. Do computers slow down our brains?
I gree or disagree with the statement, give you reasons

I disagree. Surfing the Internet and catching up with family and friends online will keep you socially connected, and it
might improve your memory, too.

Sitting at a computer seems like a sedentary activity, but as you interact with friends on Facebook or search the Internet,
you're giving your brain a real workout. Studies are finding that the mental stimulation you gain from using a computer
might help boost your memory and slow cognitive decline. Engaging in any activity that causes you to learn new things
is a good use of time and effort. Even if you've never touched a keyboard before and you think Twitter is a sound birds
make, you could start activating dormant brain cells with just a few searches of the Internet.

Computers also serve another important purpose—they can help you build social connections. Maintaining a robust
social network helps prevent loneliness and appears to have a positive effect on mental function.

One of the simplest communication applications to use is Skype, a video chat service that lets you see—and talk to—
friends and relatives in other locations. Once a computer-savvy friend or relative helps you download Skype and load in
a few of your contacts, all you have to do is sign in. From then on, making a call is as easy as using the telephone.

Another way to keep in touch is through a social networking site like Facebook. You might be concerned that you'll
share too much personal information online if you sign up, but in reality, you don't need to provide any details about
yourself beyond your name. If you don't feel comfortable setting up your page, ask someone who is familiar with
Facebook to help you with privacy settings.

ITS 204 | Hardware and Software Installation

CHAPTER III
Hardware Facilities
Direction:Write your answer inside the area provided on each number. If your answer will not fit, use the back page of the paper and indicate the number.

Define the following terms with your own understanding:

1. Application Software
2. An application software is widely used today. It is the basic tool in accessing the computer to work a specific task
like youtube app to watch news or videos, MS Office for business purposes and Facebook for socializing.
3. System Software
 is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs and its is the
fundamental tools in the computer because without it, the computer will not work. It is the framework that is being
used to have an access to any basic computer parts and tools.

4. Storage
Are used to store data such as images,text files, music and videos. Mostly categorized according to its capacity starting
from a megabyte, gigabyte andterabyte.

Storage also that enables a computer to retain data, either temporarily or permanently.
Storage may also be referred to as computer data storage or electronic data storage

5. Control Unit

 is a component of a computer's central processing unit that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the
computer's memory, arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have
been sent to the processor.

6. Arithmetic Logic Unit

is a combinational digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.
This is in contrast to a floating-point unit, which operates on floating point numbers.
7. Primary Memory

Primary memory is computer memory that is accessed directly by the CPU. This includes several types of memory,
such as the processor cache and system ROM. However, in most cases, primary memory refers to system RAM

8. Secondary Memory

Secondary memory refers to storage devices, such as hard drives and solid state drives. It may also refer to
removable storage media, such as USB flash drives, CDs, and DVDs.

9. CPU
The CPU is the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating
system and applications, constantly receiving input from the user or active software programs. It processes the data
and produces output, which may stored by an application or displayed on the screen.

10. RAM
 is a form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and
machine code. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount
of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory

11. ROM

is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be
electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. 

Answer the following questions:

1. Explain the four Categories of Computer Hardware

 Input devices: For raw data input.

Components which are used to input raw data are categorized under input devices. They aid in feeding data such as
text, images, and audiovisual recordings. They even aid in file transfers between computers.
The keyboard is probably the most commonly used input device. Below are just some other types of input devices.
 Processing devices: To process raw data instructions into information.
Processing is the core function of a computer. It is the stage where raw data is transformed into information. Once data
has been processed, it can be used for useful purposes.
 Output devices: To disseminate data and information.
Components that manipulate data into information are categorized under processing.
The microprocessor is the major device in this category. It works closely with primary memory during its operations. Data is
stored temporarily in processor cache and primary memory during the processing period.
The microprocessor is subdivided into three important units, which work together in order to accomplish its function. The
units are:
 The control unit: It manages and supervises the operations of the processor and other components that are crucial in
data manipulation.
 Arithmetic and logic unit: The ALU is responsible for all arithmetic and logic operations like addition,
multiplication, subtraction, division, and comparison logic operations.
 Register and cache: These are storage locations inside the processor that respond to the instructions of the control
unit by moving relevant data around during processing.

 Storage devices: For data and information retention.

Hardware components that disseminate and display both data and information are classified under the output
category.
Output is the culmination of a cycle which starts with the input of raw data and processing.
These components are sub-categorized under softcopy and hardcopy output.
Softcopy output includes the intangible experience. The user derives visual satisfaction by reading a message
through display components or listens to audio files through speakers.
On the other hand, hardcopy output devices are tangible, like printouts of paper and 3D models.

2. Give some examples of devices functioning as primary memory.

  hard disks or flash-based solid-state drives 

 storage-area network (SAN)
 network-attached storage (NAS) array
 Cloud-based storage
 solid-state drives (SSDs) 

3. What is the main function of the Central Processing Unit?

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions
of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a
computer system.

 To carry out processing

 To perform arithmetic calculation such as addition , subtraction,,
 To read instruction and data from the memory

ITS 204 | Hardware and Software Installation

CHAPTER IV
Hardware Troubleshooting
Direction:Write your answer inside the area provided on each number. If your answer will not fit, use the back page of the paper and indicate the number.

Identify the troubleshooting tools below, and give its uses and functions.
Crimper - a toubleshooting hand tool used for cutting of wires.

Punch down tool for patch panel terminal block - a small hand tool used by
telecommunication and network technicians. It is used for inserting wire into
insulation-displacement connectors on punch down blocks, patch panels,
keystone modules, and surface mount boxes (also known as biscuit jacks).

Cable tester - is a device that is used to strength and connectivity and particular
type of cable or other wired assembles.

Cable wire can test whether a cable or wire is set up properly connected to the
appropriate source point

Tweezers - used to maniputale small parts.

Philips head screw driver- used to loosen or tighten crosshead screw.

Flashlight - used to light up areas that you cannot see clearly.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is Troubleshooting?

 is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes on a machine or a system. It is a logical,
systematic search for the source of a problem in order to solve it, and make the product or process operational again.
Troubleshooting is needed to identify the symptoms

2. Why is troubleshooting important?

The ability to adopt a systematic approach towards identifying and then solving a problem or issue at hand is referred to
as one’s troubleshooting skills. In simple words, troubleshooting skills are the problem solving abilities of a person

3. Give the five steps in troubleshooting to resolve computer problems. EXPLAIN EACH.

 Verify that a problem actually exists.

 Isolate the cause of the problem.
 Correct the cause of the problem.
 Verify that the problem has been corrected.
 Follow up to prevent future problems

ITS 204 | Hardware and Software Installation

CHAPTER V
Isolating Computer Problems
Direction:Write your answer inside the area provided on each number. If your answer will not fit, use the back page of the paper and indicate the number.

Below are some of computer related situation. Give additional steps on how to resolve them.
1. No Internet through WIFI on your smartphone but other device work properly.
Check the router if it isworking
Check if there is damage on the cable wires of the router
Check if you really have aconnection subscription
Restart the router
Restart the phone
2. All device works through internet except your computer connected hard wired.
Check the computer cables
Check if the cables are plugged correctly
Restart your computer
Restart your router

3. Black computer screen, already checked all plugs.

Check your cable wires if there is a cut

Check the ports if there is broken
Check your monitor ports and System unit ports
Scan for any virus app
Restart your computer

4. Smartphone shows WIFI connection but couldn’t connect to internet when surfing

Check if you have an internet subscription

Check if you are connected to the correct WIFI name
Check Speed test
Restart you router
Restart your phone and connect again

5. Printer not working. Already checked all the plugs.

Check if you are accessing to the correct printer device

Check if you have the correct tools or driver intaller for printer you are using
Check if you turn it on

Restart the printer

6. Desktop computer not turning on.

Check the power supply

Check if there is electric power by using light bulb to indicate there is electric power
Check all the cable wires if it is connected properly

7. Internet works through hard wired, but WIFI does not work totally.

Restart the modem/router

Check your cable wires

8. Computer USB Ports, Not working.

Check if you have installed the drivers pack for your computer
Check if there is no dust in the USB ports

Check if the USB is compatible with your computer

9. Slow internet through WIFI, hard wired works properly.

Restart the modem/ router

Check if you have enough internet subscription if you are usingpostpaid account

10. Slow internet through hard wired, WIFI works properly.

Restart the modem/ router

Check if you have enough internet subscription if you are usingpostpaid account

ITS 204 | Hardware and Software Installation

 CHAPTER VI
Introduction to Software
Direction:Write your answer inside the area provided on each number. If your answer will not fit, use the back page of the paper and indicate the number.

Define the following terms with you own understanding

1. Software
software, is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast
to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.

2. Application Software

Are those you can see directly in your computer screens like , google, facebook. Youtube. etc

3. System Software

 or simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. This is in
contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work

4. Microsoft Office Word

Sometimes called Winword, MS Word, or Word, Microsoft Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one
of the office productivity applications included in the Microsoft Office suite. Originally developed by Charles Simonyi
and Richard Brodie, it was first released in 1983.

5. Microsoft Office PowerPoint

Using slides for presentation
Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful presentation software developed by Microsoft. It is a standard
component of the company's Microsoft Office suite software, and is bundled together with Word, Excel
and other Office productivity tools. The program uses slides to convey information rich in multimedia. The
term "slide" refers to the slide projector, which this software effectively replaces

6. Microsoft Office Excel

a software program created by Microsoft that uses spreadsheets to organize numbers and data with formulas
and functions. Excel analysis is ubiquitous around the world and used by businesses of all sizes to
perform financial analysis.