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Module 5 - Positive Displacement Pumps

A single acting reciprocating pump works by using a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth due to a crank and connecting rod mechanism. On the back stroke, the suction valve opens and liquid is drawn into the cylinder. On the forward stroke, the delivery valve opens and liquid is forced out of the cylinder and into the discharge pipe. The pressure inside the cylinder is not constant during the strokes due to the acceleration and deceleration of the piston on its harmonic motion path. An air vessel can be fitted to make the pressure more uniform by reducing head losses due to friction.

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ASHITA K B
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
65 views

Module 5 - Positive Displacement Pumps

A single acting reciprocating pump works by using a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth due to a crank and connecting rod mechanism. On the back stroke, the suction valve opens and liquid is drawn into the cylinder. On the forward stroke, the delivery valve opens and liquid is forced out of the cylinder and into the discharge pipe. The pressure inside the cylinder is not constant during the strokes due to the acceleration and deceleration of the piston on its harmonic motion path. An air vessel can be fitted to make the pressure more uniform by reducing head losses due to friction.

Uploaded by

ASHITA K B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Postive

Displacement
Pumps
 RECIPROCATING PUMPS
 ROTARY PUMPS
Positive Displacement
Pumps
A rotodynamic or non- positive displacement
pump imparts velocity energy to the fluid, which
is converted to pressure energy upon exiting the
pump casing.
A positive displacement pump moves a fixed
volume of fluid within the pump casing by
applying a force to moveable boundaries
containing the fluid volume.
 Piston or plunger, fitted with cylinder
 Suction and delivery pipe which are provided with non- return valve (suction and
delivery valve)
 Crank and connecting rod mechanism operated by a power source which may be
steam engine, I.C. Engine or motor.
Working of a single acting
Pump
A single acting reciprocating pump has one suction pipe and one
delivery pipe. It is usually placed above the liquid level in the sump.
When the crank rotates the piston moves backward and forward
inside the cylinder.
Initially the crank is at the inner dead centre (I.D.C.) and crank
rotates in the clockwise direction . As the crank rotates , the piston
moves towards right and a vacuum is created on the left side of the
piston.
This vacuum causes suction valve to open and consequently the
liquid is forced from the sump into the left side of the piston.
When the crank is at the outer dead centre (O.D.C.) the suction
stroke is completed and the left side of the cylinder is full of liquid.
When the crank further turns from O.D.C to I.D.C. the piston
moves inward to the left and high pressure is built up in the In the
cylinder . The delivery valve opens and the liquid is forced into the
delivery pipe.
The liquid is carried to the discharge tank through the delivery
pipe. At the end of delivery stroke the crank comes to the I.D.C.
and the piston is at the extreme left position
The connecting rod will be much larger than the crank
and the reciprocating movement of piston within the
cylinder could be assumed as simple harmonic
motion.
So, we can consider that piston will execute the simple
harmonic motion within the cylinder and there will be
acceleration and deceleration or retardation.
Therefore, pressure inside the cylinder will not be
constant, as in idle case where we were not
considering the effect of acceleration, during the
suction and delivery stroke. Pressure inside the
cylinder will be changing during suction and delivery
stroke.
Pressure head inside the cylinder during suction stroke will not be equal
to hs , as was case for ideal indicator diagram, but it will be equal to the
sum of hs and has. At the beginning of suction stroke has is positive and
hence total pressure head in cylinder will be hs +has below the
atmospheric pressure head .
Due to fitting of Air vessel,
the head loss due to friction is
independent of ɵ, and hence
the indicator plot is a
rectangle

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