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Steel Manufacturing Process

Steel is made through a multi-step manufacturing process. Iron ore, limestone and coke are melted together in a blast furnace to produce raw iron, which still contains impurities. This molten iron is then infused with oxygen and scrap steel in basic oxygen furnaces or electric arc furnaces to remove impurities and produce raw steel. The raw steel is then precisely altered through techniques like temperature control and gas removal to produce the desired grade with specific carbon levels and properties. The molten steel is then cast and hot rolled into preliminary shapes before secondary processes further form it into the final products.

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Steel Manufacturing Process

Steel is made through a multi-step manufacturing process. Iron ore, limestone and coke are melted together in a blast furnace to produce raw iron, which still contains impurities. This molten iron is then infused with oxygen and scrap steel in basic oxygen furnaces or electric arc furnaces to remove impurities and produce raw steel. The raw steel is then precisely altered through techniques like temperature control and gas removal to produce the desired grade with specific carbon levels and properties. The molten steel is then cast and hot rolled into preliminary shapes before secondary processes further form it into the final products.

Uploaded by

dalyem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Steel Manufacturing Process

Making the Iron


To create pure steel, the products that go into it- lime, coke and iron ore- must be made into
iron. These are all put into a blast furnace and melted down to create what is called hot metal.
The iron still has many impurities at this point, and they will have to be removed to ensure the
metal is not brittle.

Primary Steel Making


To get the impurities out, the molten metal is infused with scrap steel. Oxygen will be forced
through the furnace as well, which gets out a lot of impurities. For electric furnaces, electricity
will be forced through the furnace and the same results is achieved. After this process has
finished, we have raw steel.

Secondary Steel Making


The different grades of steel are used for different tasks. The grading is based on which
elements are still in the metal, such as carbon dioxide. To create structural steel, there is more
carbon left inside, and this gives the steel more tensile strength. Certain techniques can be
implemented to alter the level of impurities left, including:

 Stirring
 Raising or lowering the temperature
 Removing the gasses
 Ladle injection
When the process is over and the right grade has been achieved, the next step can begin.

Continual Casting
Next, the steel in its molten form is cast into cooling moulds. This allows the steel to become
hard, and the steel is drawn out of there while it is still hot. Guided rollers are used to pull it out
and then the steel is cut into the desired lengths. It may be used for beams, billets, slabs or
other items, and when the parts are fully cooled, they are sent elsewhere for primary forging.

Primary Forging
In this step, the rough cast items are formed into shapes through a process called hot rolling.
This get rid of defects in the shape and creates the desired quality of steel. This process can be
used to make seamless tubing, long and flat products and a variety of bespoke items.

Secondary Forming
To create the final shape of the steel there are a number of secondary techniques that can be
used, including coating, thermal treating, joining, pressing and drilling

These are the entire process by which steel is formed.

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