Smart Irrigation System Using GSM

Module and Controller

1
R.Ashok, 2 G.Jeyameena, 3T.Shobana, 4 K.Lakshmi Priya
1
[email protected]

Department of ECE, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar.

.Abstract

India is the country of agriculture. Agricultural sector is very very important as far as Indian
villager’s point of view. Productivity of agriculture field’s does not depend on excess of water
sprinkled to the field, but depends on better matching of water supply with crop demand and
uniform environmental conditions that are suitable for farming. To determine the crop water
demand it is essential to estimate the soil humidity. Under irrigation or over-irrigation system
leads to excessive or less water supply which may cause worse results i.e. yield reduction. The
project is based on activation or deactivation of appliances wirelessly through a software stack
called Android which is used for mobile devices that include an operating system, middleware
and key applications. The Android provides the tools necessary to begin developing applications
on the Android platform. Mobile phones are become an integral part of us serving multiple needs
of humans. In this project Commands to the device are given by authenticated person, who will
activate or deactivate the irrigation motor and also provide current status of appliances which in
turn gives uniform environmental conditions that are suitable for farming.

Keywords:- Android, Irrigation, Monitoring And Controlling System, Microcontroller

I.INTRODUCTION To develop android based automatic

Farming system capable of controlling many
Irrigation is a scientific process of
electrical appliances in an irrigation or field
artificially supplying water to the land or
using android platform with a mobile
soil that is being cultivated. Traditionally in
handset, where data transmission is carried
dry regions having no or little rainfall water
wirelessly. That’s why design Wireless
had to be supplied to the fields either
transmission media using Wi-Fi transceivers
through canals or hand pumps, tube wells.
and its interfacing peripherals for wireless
Conventional irrigation methods had severe
data communication between Mobile
problems such as increase in workload of
Handset and appliances is our need. Hence
farm labor and often it lead to problem such
to create a database of user interface in order
as over-irrigation or under-irrigation, and
to characterize the electric signals to atomize
leaching of soil.
farming system. And to develop the GUI
interface to monitor and change the current
status of field on any android smart phones. receive the input signal of multiple sensors
Another important point is not only monitor of the field. Once the controller receives this
the temperature and maintain moisture level signal, it generates an output that drives a
in the field for proper growth of plants but relay for operating the water pump and other
also save water, Energy and man power in circuitry which provides automatic control
the agriculture Sector. So we design such a action on field.
system that will be efficient and effort
reducing of the farmer. If the user sees the moisture level of ever
cannel has sufficient amount then user can
Hence we design the System which is switch off the motor easily using GUI.
operated manually as well as automatically
from remote locations by using Android. An ANDROID mobile operating system is
interfaced with the microcontroller to
II.EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTION control the parameters of the field. The soil
moisture sensing arrangement is made by
A. Hardware Setup using two aluminium coated metallic rods
Arduino microcontroller 328p of inserted into the field at a distance.
operating volt of5V, 3.3V and frequency of Connections from the metallic rods are
16MHz is used for this study. It contains interfaced to the control unit. This signal is
Three GND, Analog(A0 through A5 on the sensed to mobile handset which provides
UNO) ,Digital(0 through 13 on the Graphical User Interface (GUI
UNO),PWM(3,5,6,9,10And 11 on the UNO)
). These pins act as normal digital pins, but
III.HARDWAREDESCRIPTION
can also be used for something called Pulse-
Width Modulation (PWM). AREF Stands Fig 1. Block Diagram of Transmitter Unit
for Analog Reference. Most of the time you
can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes
used to set an external reference voltage
(between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit
for the analog input pins. In Analog pin (A0)
which is connected to the temperature
sensors.TX and RX pin of the Arduino is
connected to RX and TX pin of the GSM
900A module.

B. Objective of the Project

The android based Farming system is an B. Parameters Measurement Descriptions

automatic irrigation system which performs
multiple operations in the field of Principles of Soil Moisture sensor
agriculture; this project uses a centralized
microcontroller which is programmed to
 Soil moisture sensors measure the
volumetric water content in soil.[1] Since the
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil
moisture requires removing, drying, and
weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors
measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other property of
the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, or interaction with
neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture
content. Most soil moisture sensors are
designed to estimate soil volumetric water
content based on the dielectric constant (soil
bulk permittivity) of the soil. The dielectric
constant can be thought of as the soil's
ability to transmit electricity. The dielectric
constant of soil increases as the water
content of the soil increases.

Once the sensor has been buried and the

SMS controller has been connected to the
irrigation system, the sensor needs to be
Fig:Soil Moisture sensor
calibrated and/or the soil water content
threshold needs to be selected.
Fig:Circuit Diagram for Soil Moisture Sensor
The moisture has very well defined pin out.

Connect the ground to the ground rail,

power to the power rail.Connect the "AC" Principles of Water Level sensor
Labeled pin on the moisture sensor to analog
input 0 pin on the Arduino. A water level sensor or liquid level
detector is a very useful device for
The moisture sensor I have has two outs one
measuring or detecting a required level of
labeled "AC" and one labeled "DC". The
water, liquid or fluid in a tank, pool, well,
"AC", is a serial signal 0-5 volts that when
aquarium, washing machines etc. The water
fully dry it outputs 5 volts, when fully wet, 0
level indicator shown here is very simple but
volts. The "DC", is configured with the trim
can perform a great task as a monitor for
pot and is brought high when the moisture
desired level of any liquid, it will activate
level reaches a desired point.
the LED when the two probes shown in the
circuit will detect liquid. The circuit is using
only four components and can be built in
few minutes if all parts are available with L293D is a typical Motor driver or
you. Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to
drive on either direction. L293D is a 16-pin
IC which can control a set of two DC motors
simultaneously in any direction. It means
that you can control two Dc motor with a
single L293D IC. Dual H-bridge Motor
Driver integrated circuit (IC).The l293d can
drive small and quiet big motors as well,
check the Voltage Specification at the

Fig:water Level sensor

Working of the circuit is simple, the circuit

is based on a NPN transistor 2N2222 which
is working as a switch, when water level
will touch the two probes the transistor
become switched on and the LED in the
circuit will become activated. The circuit
can be operated with two 1.5V batteries of end.
any size.
Fig8: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver
Fig:Circuit diagram of Water Level Sensor
F

IC

Working of L293D

There are 4 input pins for l293d, pin 2,

7 on the left and pin 15 , 10 on the right as
shown on the pin diagram. Left input pins
will regulate the rotation of motor connected
across left side and right input for motor on
Motor Driver circuit: the right hand side. The motors are rotated
on the basis of the inputs provided across the
input pins as LOGIC 0 or LOGIC 1.In communication. Here in our project we are
simple you need to provide Logic 0 or 1 interfacing GSM module with MC micro
across the input pins for rotating the motor. controller. The message will be send to a
particular GSM mobile number using AT
L293D Logic Table.
commands with the help of MC.

Consider a Motor connected on left

side output pins (pin 3,6). For rotating the
motor in clockwise direction the input pins
has to be provided with Logic 1 and Logic
0.

• Pin 2 = Logic 1 and Pin 7 = Logic 0 |

Clockwise Direction
• Pin 2 = Logic 0 and Pin 7 = Logic 1 |
Operation:
Anticlockwise Direction
• Pin 2 = Logic 0 and Pin 7 = Logic 0 | Idle The operation done using GSM are

[No rotation] [Hi-Impedance state]

• Test the simple AT command.
• Pin 2 = Logic 1 and Pin 7 = Logic 1 | Idle
• Find out the International mobile
[No rotation]
station equipment identify (IMEI)
number of the GSM modem.
In a very similar way the motor can also
operate across input pin 15, 10 for motor on • Connect a call to a GSM mobile

the right hand side. number (i.e ) dial a number.

• Send a text to that mobile number.
GSM • These operations are done using AT
commands. The provision of these
The Global System for mobile (GSM)
four operations has been provided by
communication is the second generation of
means of four tactile switches. Each
mobile technology. Although the world is
switch corresponds to each of the
moving towards third and fourth generation
above functions.
but GSM has been the most successful and
• AT+CMGF message format: this
widespread technology in the
command is used to select SMS
 protocol data unit (PDU) mode or • General rule is always TX to RX &
SMS text mode. RX to TX.
• At+CMGS send message: sends a
Do not power the GSM from MC. use a
message from GSM to the network
separate adapter of minimum 1 Amp
(SMS+CMGS).The message
rating.
reference value <mr> is returned to
the GSM on successful message • Make GND pins of both GSM&MC
delivery. common.
• Sending can be cancelled with the • To start with place a valid SIM to the
<ESC> character <ctrl-z> must be holder on the GSM board. connect
used to indicate the ending of the the power adapter to GSM.
message body. • Now dial a call from another phone
to the SIM number &ensure that you
get a ling back tone.
Interfacing GSM With MC
• This is the initial test to confirm that
your GSM is ready to accept
commands from MC.

Interfacing 16×2 LCD to Arduino

UNO

LCD modules form a very

important part in many arduino
based embedded system designs. So
the knowledge on interfacing LCD
• The connection is simple. we shall module to arduino is very essential in
use the hardware serial port of MC designing embedded systems. This
(pin 0&pin1). section of the article is about
interfacing an Arduino to 16×2 LCD.
• Pin 0(RX)OF MC is connected to
JHD162A is the LCD module used
RX pin of GSM here. JHD162A is a 16×2 LCD
• Pin 1 (TX) of MC is connected to module based on the HD44780
driver from Hitachi. The JHD162A
TX pin of GSM
has 16 pins and can be operated in 4-
bit mode (using only 4 data lines) or
8-bit mode (using all 8 data lines).
 Here we are using the LCD module and data register. Logic HIGH at RS pin
in 4-bit mode. First, I will show you selects data register and logic LOW at RS
how to display a plain text messages pin selects command register. If we make
on the LCD module using arduino the RS pin HIGH and feed an input to the
and then I have designed a useful data lines (DB0 to DB7), this input will be
project using LCD and arduino – a treated as data to display on LCD screen. If
digital thermometer. Before going in we make the RS pin LOW and feed an input
to the details of the project, let’s to the data lines, then this will be treated as a
have a look at the JHD162A LCD command ( a command to be written to LCD
module. controller – like positioning cursor or clear
screen or scroll).
16×2 LCD Module Pin Out Diagram
Pin5(R/W): Read/Write modes. This pin is
The JHD162A lcd module has 16 pins and used for selecting between read and write
can be operated in 4-bit mode or 8-bit mode. modes. Logic HIGH at this pin activates
Here we are using the LCD module in 4-bit read mode and logic LOW at this pin
mode. Before going in to the details of the activates write mode.
project, let’s have a look at the JHD162A
LCD module.The schematic of a JHD162A Pin6(E): This pin is meant for enabling the
LCD pin diagram is given below. LCD module. A HIGH to LOW signal at
this pin will enable the module.

Pin7(DB0) to Pin14(DB7): These are data

pins. The commands and data are fed to the
LCD module though these pins.
The name and functions of each pin of the Pin15(LED+): Anode of the back light
16×2 LCD module is given below. LED. When operated on 5V, a 560 ohm
Pin1(Vss): Ground pin of the LCD module. resistor should be connected in series to this
pin. In arduino based projects the back light
Pin2(Vcc): Power to LCD module (+5V LED can be powered from the 3.3V source
supply is given to this pin) on the arduino board.

Pin3(VEE):Contrast adjustment pin. This is Pin16(LED-): Cathode of the back light

done by connecting the ends of a 10K LED.
potentimeter to +5V and ground and then
connecting the slider pin to the VEE pin. For knowing more about LCD module
The voltage at the VEE pin defines the JHD162A and its pin functions, read this
contrast. The normal setting is between 0.4 article: Interfacing 16×2 LCD and 8051
and 0.9V. microcontroller. The circuit diagram of
interfacing LCD to arduino for displaying a
Pin4(RS): Register select pin.The JHD162A text message is shown below.
has two registers namely command register
Circuit diagram – Arduino to 16×2 LCD IV. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Module
A. Arduino IDE

IT is an open-source computer hardware

and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures
microcontroller-based kits for building
digital devices and interactive objects that
can sense and control the physical world.

The Arduino integrated development

environment (IDE) is a cross-platform
application written in Java, and is derived
RS pin of the LCD module is connected to
from the IDE for the Processing
digital pin 12 of the arduino. R/W pin of the
LCD is grounded. Enable pin of the LCD programming language and the Wiring
module is connected to digital pin 11 of the projects. which also supports the languages
arduino. In this project, the LCD module C and C++.
and arduino are interfaced in the 4-bit mode.
This means only four of the digital input
A typical Arduino C/C++ sketch consist of
lines( DB4 to DB7) of the LCD are used.
This method is very simple, requires less two functions that are compiled and linked
connections and you can almost utilize the with a program stub main () into an
full potential of the LCD module. Digital
executable cyclic executive program:
lines DB4, DB5, DB6 and DB7 are
interfaced to digital pins 5, 4, 3 and 2 of the
• Setup (): a function that runs once at
Arduino. The 10K potentiometer is used for
adjusting the contrast of the display. 560 the start of a program and that can
ohm resistor R1 limits the current through initialize settings.
the back light LED. The arduino can be
• Loop (): a function called repeatedly
powered through the external power jack
provided on the board. +5V required in until the board powers off.
some other parts of the circuit can be tapped
from the 5V source on the arduino board. After compiling and linking with the
The arduino can be also powered from the GNU tool chain, also included with the IDE
PC through the USB port. The full program
for interfacing LCD to arduino is shown distribution, the Arduino IDE employs the
below. program avrdude to convert the executable
code into a text file in hexadecimal coding level of ever cannel has sufficient amount
that is loaded into the Arduino board by a then user can switch off the motor easily
using GUI.
loader program in the board's firmware.
Arduino more straight forward by allowing An ANDROID mobile operating system is
interfaced with the microcontroller to
the use of an ordinary computer as the
control the parameters of the field. The soil
programmer. Currently, optiboot loader is moisture sensing arrangement is made by
the default boot loader installed on Arduino using two aluminium coated metallic rods
inserted into the field at a distance.
UNO.
Connections from the metallic rods are
interfaced to the control unit. This signal is
At a conceptual level, when using the sensed to mobile handset which provides
Arduino integrated development Graphical User Interface (GUI).
environment, all boards are programmed
over a serial connection. Its implementation
varies with the hardware version. Some
serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter
circuit to convert between RS-232 logic
levels and transistor–transistor logic (TTL)
level signals. Current Arduino boards are
programmed via Universal Serial Bus
(USB), implemented using USB-to-serial
adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232.

V PROPOSED SYSTEM

The android based Farming system is an

automatic irrigation system which performs Fig9:
multiple operations in the field of Circuit
agriculture; this project uses a centralized diagram
microcontroller which is programmed to
receive the input signal of multiple sensors
of the field. Once the controller receives this
System
signal, it generates an output that drives a
design of
relay for operating the water pump and other
android
circuitry which provides automatic control
based
action on field. If the user sees the moisture
automatic irrigation system includes generate a specific data pertaining to a given
hardware and software sections interfaced appliance and command which will
together using wireless communication. transmitted through wireless channel using
particular mobile handset (transmitter).
The main element of the design consists of
android enabled mobile handset, interfacing Fig 11:Serial monitor display in Arduino IDE
peripherals and WI-FI transceiver module
and controller. The android enabled mobile
handsets will generate the control command
signals which are supposed to be used in
system for appliance controls. This is done
by using a mobile handset, analog signal are
stored in the internal memory of the IC after
being digitized using ADC blocks internally.
This learning process need to be done for a
number of touch commands. Once the
learning/programming is completed. The IC
is ready to accept the commands. A
command issued by the user through
touching the programmed switch and it will
be digitized and compared with the digitized
commands already stored in the internal
memory of IC. When a match is received,
microcontroller status will be updated
accordingly. The microcontroller in turn will
 of an Android application. As Shown in
Figure 2, the Android platform is composed
of 4 layers: Applications at the top, an
Application Framework layer that provides
services to applications, e.g., controlling
activities or providing data access, a
Library/VM layer, and, at the bottom, the
Linux kernel .[3]

Fig12: Message Received in Mobile phone.

VI. ANDROID OVERVIEW Fig.2: Android Architecture

Android is an open-source platform founded

in October 2003 by Andy Rubin and backed VII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
by Google, along with major hardware and
Conventional Flood-type methods consume
software developers (such as Intel, HTC,
a large amount of water, but the area
ARM, Motorola and Samsung) that form the
between crop rows remains dry and receives
Open Handset Alliance. In October 2008.
moisture only from the incidental rainfall,
The software suite included on the phone
hand pumps whereas this irrigation
consists of integration with Google's
technique slowly applies a small amount of
proprietary applications, such as Maps,
water to the plant through cannels.
Calendar, and Gmail, and a full HTML web
browser. Android supports the execution of A few concluding comments:
native applications and third-party apps
which are available via Google Play, which 1. The system increases the crop
launched in October 2008 as Android productivity and reduces farmer’s workload.
Market. Nowadays android became the best- 2. There is efficient usage of water.
selling Smartphone.
3. The time consumed is less there by giving
We now proceed to presenting an overview more throughputs.
of the Android Platform and the components
4. Controls the growth of weeds, saving the [3] Cuixiong Hu, Iulian Neamtiu
fertilizer. “Automating GUI Testing for Android
Applications”
5. Erosion of soil could be stopped totally by
using this type of a system. [4]Mahir Dursun and Semih Ozden (2011).
“A wireless application of drip irrigation
6. Leads to development of a cost effective automation supported by soil moisture
irrigation control system. Saves electrical sensors”, Scientific Research and Essays
energy. Vol. 6.
This system supports aggressive water [5]Realization of low cost Bluetooth based
management for the agricultural land. This visual sensor node for pest and disease
architecture is based on the capabilities of detection in crops by Subhodip Maulik
current and next-generation microcontrollers ,IJETAE, June 2012
and their application requirements.
Microcontroller used for the system is [6]Mahir Dursun and Semih Ozden “A
promising that it can increase system life by wireless application of drip irrigation
reducing the power consumption resulting automation supported by soil moisture
from lower power consumption. sensors” Scientific Research and Essays
Vol. 6(7), pp. 1573-1582, 4 April, 2011
General automation system is used at
irrigation. Activation or deactivations of [7] Er.Sukhjit Singh, Er.Neha Sharma
appliances depend on touch command “Research Paper on Drip Irrigation
processed by processor. Better performance Management using wireless sensor”
is observed under electromagnetic (IJCNWC) Vol.2, No4, August 2012.
interference also. As mobile handset can be
operated till certain higher temperatures, it [8] C Chanda, S Agarwal, EBPU “A Survey
would work continuously. This automation of Automated GSM Based Irrigation
system will be used for disabled and people System” Ivy - IJETAE (2250-2459), 2012.
at long distance and farms. [9] Modern Industrial \powerplant boiler
automation using GSM Technology in
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