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Past Modals and Phrasal Modals of Obligation

The document provides examples and exercises to practice different English grammar concepts related to modals, time clauses, and expressions about sleep. For modals, there are examples using past modals and phrasal modals of obligation. For time clauses, there are examples of reduced and non-reduced time clauses. There are also sentences to complete using contrasting connectors. Finally, there are phrases to cross out that do not fit the meaning of example sentences about sleep. The document contains multiple parts with grammar explanations and interactive exercises to practice these concepts.

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santiago sanchez
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216 views

Past Modals and Phrasal Modals of Obligation

The document provides examples and exercises to practice different English grammar concepts related to modals, time clauses, and expressions about sleep. For modals, there are examples using past modals and phrasal modals of obligation. For time clauses, there are examples of reduced and non-reduced time clauses. There are also sentences to complete using contrasting connectors. Finally, there are phrases to cross out that do not fit the meaning of example sentences about sleep. The document contains multiple parts with grammar explanations and interactive exercises to practice these concepts.

Uploaded by

santiago sanchez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Workshop #1

Past modals and phrasal modals of obligation

I. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.


1. Jan should have / shouldn’t have ignored the problem because it only got
worse.
2. I was supposed / didn’t have to go on vacation, but I didn’t save enough
money.
3. Yoko needed to / wasn’t supposed to ignore her parents’ advice, but she
did.
4. He fixed the leak himself, so he didn’t need to call / should have called a
plumber.
5. When I got older, I had to / I was supposed to learn to solve my own
problems.
6. I needed to / didn’t have to book my flight so early, but I wanted a good
seat.

Order of modifiers

I. Write descriptions of places you know using two or more modifiers.


1. A nearby city or town that you frequently visit.
___________________________________________________________________
2. A place you’d like to visit one day.
___________________________________________________________________
3. A place tourists to your country want to see.
___________________________________________________________________
4. A place you enjoy visiting, but wouldn’t want to live in.
___________________________________________________________________

Connecting contrasting ideas

I. Choose the words that are true for you. Then complete the sentences.
1. Although I would / wouldn’t like to live in this town forever…
___________________________________________________________________
2. There are not many / a lot of things I like about this town. However…
___________________________________________________________________
3. Even though finding an apartment is easy / difficult in this town, …
___________________________________________________________________
4. Despite the high cost of living in this city, there are a number of / no…
___________________________________________________________________
5. The spring / summer / fall / winter here is very nice. On the other hand, …
___________________________________________________________________
6. Most places in this town close early / late. In spite of that, …
___________________________________________________________________
7. The areas around this town are mainly rural / urban / suburban.
Nevertheless, …
___________________________________________________________________

Reduced time clauses

I. Complete the sentences with information about yourself.

1. While working on a really difficult task, …


___________________________________________________________________
2. I don’t feel awake in the morning until…
___________________________________________________________________
3. Whenever I have trouble sleeping, …
___________________________________________________________________
4. I can never concentrate after …
___________________________________________________________________
5. From the moment I wake up in the morning, …
___________________________________________________________________
6. As soon as I start to feel sleepy in the evening, …
___________________________________________________________________
7. Ever since I was young, …
___________________________________________________________________

II. Which of these time clauses can be reduced (R)? Which ones cannot be
reduced (N)? Write the correct letter.
1. Ever since I can remember, I’ve been a night owl. ___
2. Once I fall asleep, I almost never wake up until morning. ___
3. My mother races off to work right after I leave for school. ___
4. Every time Jerry comes to visit, he keeps me up past my bedtime. ___
5. As soon as I get up in the morning, I drank a large glass of water. ___
6. I always listen to music while I run. ___
7. I often doze off as I’m watching TV at night. ___
8. Whenever I drink coffee after 3:00, I have trouble falling asleep. ___
9. I always have breakfast at a local café before I start classes for the day. ___
10. The last time I stayed at a hotel, the bed was really uncomfortable. ___

III. Rewrite these sentences using reduced time clauses.


1. I usually watch the news while I have breakfast.
___________________________________________________________________
2. My sister won’t drink orange juice after she brushes her teeth.
___________________________________________________________________
3. She does a lot of housework before she leaves for work in the morning.
___________________________________________________________________
4. Power nappers work better after they sleep for a short time during the
day.
___________________________________________________________________
5. You probably shouldn’t eat anything heavy before your exercise.
___________________________________________________________________
6. If I listen to soft music while I study, I can concentrate better.
___________________________________________________________________
7. After I’m in an argument, I need to be by myself for an hour or two.
___________________________________________________________________
8. Before I chill out at night, I make sure everything is ready for the morning.
___________________________________________________________________

Expressions related to sleep

Cross out the phrases that do not fit the meaning of the sentences.

Val: I’m exhausted this morning. I (1) had a sleepless night / slept like a log / tossed and
turned last night. I even had some warm milk at 2:00 and still couldn’t get to sleep.

Eva: Have you ever thought of going to bed earlier? If you put on some soft music and
relaxed, you’d probably (2) be wide awake / nod off / feel drowsy in 10 or 15 minutes.

Val: Yes, I’ve tried that, but it doesn’t help. Maybe I should cut back on coffee. The
caffeine may be the reason why I’m (3) fast asleep / wide awake / tossing and turning in
the middle of the night.

Eva: I take a hot bath every night and am usually (4) sleeping like a log / sound asleep /
taking a power nap by 10:30. Speaking of sleep, I hope I can stay awake tonight. It’s
8:00, and I still have a lot of homework to finish.

Val: How about taking a quick power nap before doing your homework? That way, you
won’t (5) drift off / be wide awake / feel drowsy at your desk this evening.

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