Scribd
Upload
207 views38 pages

Min 340 - Clase 4 - Contour Blasting PDF

Uploaded by

Héctor Fernando Sanhueza Gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
207 views38 pages

Min 340 - Clase 4 - Contour Blasting PDF

Uploaded by

Héctor Fernando Sanhueza Gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

CONTOUR BLASTING

Prof. Jacopo Seccatore 1


Damaged Area

Overbreak Area

Real break line Desired break line

Production boreholes with coupled explosive


Contour blasting : decoupled charges

To achieve the best results in terms of excavation profile,


blasting theory suggests that charges should be coaxial to
the holes, to grant an uniform distribution of the explosive
energy and therefore obtaining an uniform Radius of
Damage.
Contour blasting : decoupled charges
Contour blasting : decoupled charges
Nevertheless, non-coaxial charges are often employed in blasting
practice. They include:
- high-grain detonating cord (40 to 100 g/m);
- low-grain detonating cord connecting small-diameter cartridges
(commonly 10 g/m detonating cord priming 1" cartridges)
- string loading (a thin layer of bulk emulsion pumped with controlled
flow and controlled extraction of the injecting rod)
SMOOTH BLASTING
SMOOTH BLASTING
SMOOTH BLASTING: E = 16-25 

DECOUPLED CHARGE
PRE-SPLITTING
PRE-SPLITTING
• PRESPLITTING: E = 6-10 
GURIT is a Swedish explosive
specially designed for contour
blasting, with low-VOD (to
reduce wall damage) and
small diameter

EMULITE is standard
explosive emulsion

As many splitting holes as


possible should detonate
simultaneously (same delay) to
obtain shearing effect
Pre-splitting ≠ Smooth Blasting
• Smooth Blasting
- Smoothing holes detonate after production holes
- Their function is to obtain a final smooth wall

• Pre-Splitting (pre-corte)
- Splitting holes detonate before (pre) production holes
- Their function is to pre-insulate the profile of the excavation volume, to avoid
transmitting vibration and damaging the rock to be left in place
STRING LOADING
𝑳
HCF = %
𝑯
RADIUS OF DAMAGE
SMALL DIAMETER HOLES

RADIUS OF DAMAGE

DAMAGE
RANGE

RD

LARGE DIAMETER HOLES

1. Stay within the damage range


2. Choose the curve corresponding to the
linear charge being used DAMAGE
3. Estimate the Radius of Damage RD RANGE
4. Design a burden at least
Bmin = 1.1 RD
CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS

• The more fractured the rock mass, the closer the contour holes
• High quality rock mass grant high quality HCF and profiling
• Weak rock masses do not allow perimeter control despite cautions
CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS
CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS
In this case, the explosive appears not to be the most suitable design choice,
due to the persistency of rock discontinuities which affect the success of the
Blasts ( Class IV RMR)
CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS

Same charge, different rock mass


CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS
CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS
CONTOUR BLASTING AND ROCK MASS
② Civil tunnel under construction in Northern Brazil
Both parallel holes and V-cuts were used

Scheme of parallel holes cut; Pull: 2.5 m; Surface: 30 m2; Total charge: 119 kg;
Detonating cord 40 g/m: 90 m; Powder factor: 1.32 kg/m3; Holes diameter: 45 mm.
Delay time: 25 ms. Numbers refer to the delay sequence.
② Civil tunnel under construction in Northern Brazil
Both parallel holes and V-cuts were used

Scheme of a V-cut. Pull: 3.0 m; Surface: 30 m2; Total charge: 119 kg; Detonating cord
40 g/m: 90 m; Powder factor: 1.32 kg/m3; Holes diameter: 45 mm. Delay time: 25 ms.
Numbers refer to the delay sequence.
② Civil tunnel under construction in Northern Brazil
Smooth blasting: øf = 45 mm, spacing S = 510 mm (S = 11 øf). The
contour holes were weakly loaded
Parallel hole cut; charge/hole 0.21 kg; Parallel hole cut; charge/hole 0.21 kg;
n contour holes: 28 n contour holes: 28

V – Cut; charge/hole 0.21 kg; n contour V – Cut; charge/hole 0.43 kg; n contour
holes: 28 holes: 28

Details of the charges employed in contour holes. Tunnel face is on the left of the
picture
Commercial products in Chile

Densidad 1,11 +/- 3% g/cc

Velocidad de detonación min.* 3.500 m/s

Velocidad de detonación con cordón


6.000 m/s
detonante min.

Presión de detonación 69 Kbar


Energía 3.371 KJ/Kg
Resistencia al agua Excelente
Volumen de gases 997 L/Kg
0,89 En peso
Potencia relativa al ANFO
1,27 En volumen
Commercial products in Chile

Densidad lineal 40 +/- 3% g/m

Velocidad de detonación* 7.000 – 7.500 m/s IT must be primed


Presión de detonación 145 Kbar
with 1 cartridge
Dynamite,
Energía 322 KJ/Kg
Emultex® CN or
Resistencia al agua Excelente Horas
Miniblaster®
Volumen de gases 43 L/Kg

Equivalente en ANFO 47 (2)


Exercise Add to this blast a contour line to
protect the perimeter
1. Drilling diameter
• The blast is drilled with fprod= 3” ½
• I choose to drill smooth blasting with fsmooth= 2” for the drilling bit to
be easily mounted on the same rods
2. Charge
0.88 kg/m

Largo metros

kg/m
Diametro
pulgadas

Unidades por caja

Peso unidad (kg)


Peso neto caja
(Kg)
1¼ 8 4 5.8 23.2 0.73
fsmooth= 2” = 51 mm 1¼ 2 10.5 21 0.88
12
I will use the smallest RD = 1m
1½ 2 11.85 23.7 1.19
diameter available: 10
fexp = 1”1/4 1½ 11 1 13 13 1.18
to ensure decoupling 1½ 1 15.5 15.5 1.29
12
1½ 16 1 19.6 19.6 1.23

1¾ 15 1 25 25 1.67

2 8 1 18.3 18.3 2.29

I choose an explosive that is


specially designed for contour
holes.
2. DRILL MESH
0.88 kg/m

RD = 1m

Burden = 1.1 RD =1.1 m

Spacing = 0.8 m
460

410
TABLE OF PRODUCTS

ITEM UNIT AMOUNT


Hole diameter inches/mm 2/51
n. Holes n. 51
ENALINE 1"1/4 x 12m n. 51
DET CORD 10 g/m m 41
Exercise
FINAL WALL OF
Design this production blast protecting the UPPER BENCH
final wall:
• Production holes
• Smoothing holes

H = 6m
1 line production
30 m holes

SMOOTHING HOLES

You might also like