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History: Sunday, August 16, 2020 10:22 AM

History is the study of the past through written documents and evidence. It has traditionally focused on wars, revolutions, and other important events. However, restricting historical evidence to only written sources discriminates against groups not well-represented in writing. Historiography studies how historians have approached the practice of history over time, using different sources and methods. Positivism required empirical evidence from primary sources like records and eyewitness accounts. Post-colonialism emerged to allow formerly colonized nations to understand their history and identity separate from colonial influences. Historians must interpret shreds of evidence and facts, and organize them into a coherent narrative, while following techniques to properly use sources. Primary sources were created during the time under

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30 views

History: Sunday, August 16, 2020 10:22 AM

History is the study of the past through written documents and evidence. It has traditionally focused on wars, revolutions, and other important events. However, restricting historical evidence to only written sources discriminates against groups not well-represented in writing. Historiography studies how historians have approached the practice of history over time, using different sources and methods. Positivism required empirical evidence from primary sources like records and eyewitness accounts. Post-colonialism emerged to allow formerly colonized nations to understand their history and identity separate from colonial influences. Historians must interpret shreds of evidence and facts, and organize them into a coherent narrative, while following techniques to properly use sources. Primary sources were created during the time under

Uploaded by

junquelala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Sunday, August 16, 2020 10:22 AM

History
• Historia; greek; meaning "knowledge aquired through inquiry and investigation"
• Known as the study of the past
• Is the account of the past of a person/group of people through written documents and historical
evidences
• Focused on writing about wars, revolutions and other important breakthroughs

No document, no history
• Means that unless a written documents can prove a certain historical event, then it cannot be
considered as a historical fact
Ex. If valid historical documents
○ Government records
○ Chronicle's accounts
○ Personal letters
○ Receipts
○ Etc
Discrimination in the validity of history
• Restricting historical evidence as exclusively written is a discrimination against other social
classes who were not recorded in paper
• Others got their historical documents burned or destroyed in the events of colonialization

Histography
• Is the history of history
• It covers how historians have studied and developed history including its sources, techniques
and theoretical approaches
• Should not be confused with history
• Focuses how a certain historical text was written, who wrote it, what was the context of its
publication, what historical method was employed, what sources were used

Positivism
• Is the school of thought that emerged between 18th and 19th century
• This thought require empirical & observable evidence before one can claim that a particular
knowledge is true
• Historians were required to show written primary documents in order to write a particular
historical narrative
Post-colonialism
• Is the school of thought that emerged in the early 20th century when formerly colonized
nations grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies
against the shadows of their colonial past
In writing history:
a. Tell the story of their nation that will highlight their identity free from colonial
discourse and knowledge
b. to criticize the methods, effects, and ideas of colonialism

History and the Historian


• Facts cannot speak for themselves
• it is the historian’s job not just to see historical shreds of evidence and facts but also to
interpret them
• it is their job to give meaning to these facts and organize them into timeline, established
causes and right history

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causes and right history
• it comprises of certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize
sources and historical evidence in writing history

Historical sources
1. Primary source
○ Are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being
studied
ex (commonwealth, 1935)
▪ Minutes
▪ newspaper clippings
▪ Records
▪ Photographs
▪ eyewitness/es
2. secondary sources
○ Sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material
ex (Phil Revolution,1935)
▪ Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the masses, 1956

Historical sources: criticism


1. External criticism
○ Is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining the physical
characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was
produced and the materials used for evidence
2. Internal criticism
○ Is the examination of the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence
○ it looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstances of its production
○ it could be done by looking at the author, its context, agenda, and purpose behind its
creation

deception cases in Philippine history


1. Hoax code of Kalantiaw
○ The code was a set of rules contained in an epic maragtas which was allegedly written
by Datu Kalantiaw. the document was sold to the national library and was regarded as
an important pre-colonial document
○ in 1968, and American historian Wiliam Henry Scott debunked the authenticity of the
code due to the lack of evidence to prove that the code existed in pre-colonial Philippine
society
2. Ferdinand Marcos as a world war ii soldier
○ This is widely believed by students of history and marcos had war medals to show
○ this was however this proven when historian countercheck marcos claims with the war
records of the united states

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