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Oracle Programming Using PL/SQL: Level 2 WWW - Micros.umsl - Edu

This document provides an overview of advanced PL/SQL programming concepts including writing stored procedures, functions, and packages. It discusses using different parameter types, composite data structures like records and associative arrays, and triggers. The document also covers managing PL/SQL applications through data dictionaries and privileges. Exercises with solutions are included to help reinforce the concepts.

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Satya Dubba

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

83 views

Oracle Programming Using PL/SQL: Level 2 WWW - Micros.umsl - Edu

Uploaded by

Satya Dubba

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Oracle Programming Using PL/SQL: Level 2

What You Will Learn...................................................................................................................... 1

Working with Subprograms............................................................................................................ 2

Comparing Subprograms and Anonymous Blocks................................................................... 2
Writing Modularized Code ....................................................................................................... 3
Understanding a Subprogram’s Structure................................................................................. 3

Writing Stored Procedures.............................................................................................................. 5

Creating a New Procedure ........................................................................................................ 5
Compiling the Code .................................................................................................................. 7
Invoking the Procedure ............................................................................................................. 9
Modifying and Recompiling the Procedure.............................................................................. 9

Exercise 1: Writing Basic Stored Procedures ............................................................................... 11

Using Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 13

Using IN Parameters ............................................................................................................... 14
Passing Parameters to a Procedure ......................................................................................... 15
Assigning Default Values for IN Parameters.......................................................................... 17
Using OUT Parameters ........................................................................................................... 18
Using IN OUT Parameters...................................................................................................... 21
Comparing Parameter Modes ................................................................................................. 23
Streamlining Your Procedure ................................................................................................. 23

Exercise 2: Writing Stored Procedures with Parameters .............................................................. 26

Writing Functions ......................................................................................................................... 29

Developing Functions ............................................................................................................. 29
Writing a New Function.......................................................................................................... 30
Invoking a Function ................................................................................................................ 32
Applying What You’ve Learned............................................................................................. 35

Exercise 3: Writing Functions ...................................................................................................... 37

Writing Local Modules ................................................................................................................. 39

Declaring Local Modules........................................................................................................ 39
Modularizing Complex Procedures ........................................................................................ 40

Working with Composite Data Structures .................................................................................... 43

Classifying PL/SQL’s Composite Data Structures ................................................................. 43
Working with Records ............................................................................................................ 43
Working with Associative Arrays........................................................................................... 47

Exercise 4: Working with Composite Data Structures ................................................................. 53

Oracle Programming Using PL/SQL: Level 2 2/6/09

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Working with Packages ................................................................................................................ 55
Understanding the Package Structure ..................................................................................... 56
Creating and Using Packages.................................................................................................. 57
Developing a Package Specification....................................................................................... 58
Developing a Package Body ................................................................................................... 61
Referencing Packaged Elements............................................................................................. 66
Testing Your Procedures......................................................................................................... 67
Modifying Packages................................................................................................................ 68

Exercise 5: Organizing Your Code in Packages ........................................................................... 69

Developing More Sophisticated Packages.................................................................................... 71

Understanding Package Variables .......................................................................................... 71
Initializing a Package.............................................................................................................. 72
Making Forward Declarations ................................................................................................ 73
Overloading Subprograms ...................................................................................................... 75
Using Packaged Cursors ......................................................................................................... 76
Working with Built-In Packages............................................................................................. 78
Designing Effective Packages................................................................................................. 79

Exercise 6: Developing Sophisticated Packages........................................................................... 80

Writing Triggers............................................................................................................................ 82
Using DML Triggers............................................................................................................... 82
Designing DML Triggers........................................................................................................ 83
Developing Statement-Level DML Triggers .......................................................................... 83
Creating Row-Level DML Triggers ....................................................................................... 88
Creating INSTEAD OF Triggers ............................................................................................ 93
Creating Database Triggers..................................................................................................... 95

Exercise 7: Writing Triggers......................................................................................................... 97

Managing Your PL/SQL Applications ......................................................................................... 99

Using the DESCRIBE Command ........................................................................................... 99
Using Data Dictionaries.......................................................................................................... 99
Understanding Privileges ...................................................................................................... 102

Exercise 8: Managing PL/SQL Program Units........................................................................... 104

Appendix A: Fads Through the Decades Museum ..................................................................... 105

Appendix B: SQL*Plus Commands and SQL Developer .......................................................... 107

Appendix C: Solutions to Exercises 1-8 ..................................................................................... 108