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BSCS 3B

The document discusses peripheral devices, input/output techniques, and differences between memory-mapped and isolated input/output. It also covers how processors determine which device issued an interrupt and what processors do when direct memory access modules control the bus.

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Mike Davies Guadalquiver
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26 views

BSCS 3B

The document discusses peripheral devices, input/output techniques, and differences between memory-mapped and isolated input/output. It also covers how processors determine which device issued an interrupt and what processors do when direct memory access modules control the bus.

Uploaded by

Mike Davies Guadalquiver
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. List three broad classifications of external, or peripheral, devices.

 Human Readable
 Machine Readable
 Communication

2. What is the International Reference Alphabet?

 It is an international telecommunication Union-Telecommunication recommendation T.50


standard.

3. What are the major functions of an I/O module?

 Control and Timing


 Device Communication
 CPU Communication
 Data Buffering
 Error Detection

4. List and briefly define three techniques for performing I/O.

 Programmed I/O. The process of programmed I/O manages the data transmission between the
attached devices and the server.
 Interrupt-Based I/O. The I/O process, based on interrupts, governs the operation of data
transmission to and from attached I/O devices.
 Direct Memory Access (DMA) I/O. It is used in multi-core processors for intra-chip data transfer.

5. What is the difference between memory-mapped I/O and isolated I/O?

 For memory locations and I/O applications, memory mapped I/O corresponds to a single
address space. The processor considers as memory locations the state and data records of I/O
modules and uses the same computer instructions to access all memory and I/O files. Whereas
isolated I/O refers to a mode isolating memory addresses such that no operations influence the
location of values.
 In terms of managing space for memory sites, they vary. In order to access memory location,
memory mapped I/O uses single address space while isolated I/O uses separate instructions to
access memory locations.

6. When a device interrupt occurs, how does the processor determine which device issued the
Interrupt?

 By running a test for interruption, the processor identifies which device issued the interrupt. It
determines the type of interrupt with the on-going execution of the test and sends an
acknowledgement signal to the device that issued the interrupt. This allows it to remove its
interrupt signal from the device.

7. When a DMA module takes control of a bus, and while it retains control of the bus, what does
the processor do?

 The DMA module only uses the bus when it is not needed by the processor, or it must force the
processor to temporarily suspend operation. Because the DMA module in effect steals a bus
cycle, this method is referred to as cycle stealing. If this occurs, the processor deals with other
things and continues to work, while the bus operation is handled by the DMA.

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