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Statistics

The document discusses statistics which is the study of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and presenting data. It covers descriptive and inferential statistics, the functions of statistics including condensation, comparison, forecasting and estimation. It also discusses the scope and limitations of statistics.

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Mari Lourelen C. Patalinghug
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28 views2 pages

Statistics

The document discusses statistics which is the study of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and presenting data. It covers descriptive and inferential statistics, the functions of statistics including condensation, comparison, forecasting and estimation. It also discusses the scope and limitations of statistics.

Uploaded by

Mari Lourelen C. Patalinghug
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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- study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation

of data.

- branch of mathematics which is concerned with facilitating wise decision-making


in the face of uncertainty and that, therefore develops and utilizes techniques for
collection, effective presentation, and proper analysis of data.

Basic Concepts

- Descriptive Statistics - concerned with the description and summarization of


data. deals with the techniques used in the collection, presentation, organization,
and analysis of the data on hand.

- Inferential Statistics - concerned with the drawing of conclusions from data.


deals with the techniques used in generalizing from samples to populations,
performing estimations and hypothesis tests, and making predictions.

Functions of Statistics

- Condensation - to reduce or to lessen. mainly applied to a huge mass of data by


providing only few observations.

- Comparison - Classification and tabulation are the two methods that are used to
condense the data. They help us to compare data collected from different sources.

- Forecasting - to predict or to estimate beforehand.

- Estimation - drawn inference about a population from the analysis for the sample
drawn from that population.

- Tests of Hypothesis - statement about the probability distribution,


characterizing a population on the basis of the information available from the
sample observations.

Scope of Statistics

- Statistics and Industry - In industries, control charts are widely used to


maintain a certain quality level. In production engineering, to find whether the
product is conforming to specifications or not.
- Statistics and Commerce - Any businessman cannot afford to either by under
stocking or having overstock of his goods.
- Statistics and Economics - measuring numerical changes in complex groups and
interpreting collective phenomenon.
- Statistics and Education - Statistics is necessary for the formulation of
policies to start new course, consideration of facilities available for new courses
etc.
- Statistics and Planning - g. In the modern world, which can be termed as the
“world of planning”, almost all the organizations in the government are seeking the
help of planning for efficient working.
- Statistics and Medicine - to test the efficiency of a new drug or medicine. to
compare the efficiency of two drugs or two medicines.
- Statistics and Modern Applications - to integrate their models and thus make
statistics a part of decision making procedures of many organizations.

Limitations of Statistics

- not suitable to the study of qualitative phenomenon - qualitative phenomenon like


honesty, poverty, beauty, intelligence etc, cannot be expressed numerically and any
statistical analysis cannot be directly applied on these qualitative phenomenon.
- does not study individuals - Statistics deals with an aggregate of objects.
- Statistical laws are not exact - But statistical laws are not exact and
statistical laws are only approximations. Statistical conclusions are not
universally true. They are true only on an average.
- Statistics table may be misused - Statistics must be used only by experts. The
use of statistical tools by the inexperienced and untraced persons might lead to
wrong conclusions.
- only one of the methods of studying a problem -

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