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Runup Overtopping

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Khaled Mahdi
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44 views

Runup Overtopping

Uploaded by

Khaled Mahdi
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183 Run-Up For Permeable Rough Slopes and Crest Height Crest height of the rubble mound breakwater for no overtopping (or modcrate overtopping) is computed from the run-up (R,) value of the tesign wave height on the slope of the breakwater (Fig.15.4). Run-up distance is defined as the vertical distance measured from the SWL upto the run-up of wave on the face of the breakwater. Run-up depends on Sneture shape and roughness, water depth at structure toe (d,), bottom ‘ope in front of a structure, and incident wave characteristics. Orertopping Manual (EurOtop, 2018) recommends to consider 2% “ceeded Tun-up value (R,»,) in the design of rubble mound Walers. Similarly, Turkish Coastal Structures Planning and Design Technical Guidelines (AYGM, 2016) follows the same recommenda by the Overtopping Manual. tion » Point of maximum wave run up Figure 15.4 Definition sketch, wave run-up EurOtop (2018) presents the following equations for the prediction of 2% exceeded wave run-up. 1.75 ¥y Ye Ys Emo (15.12) Hy. s,t0e with an upper limit of R, Fo 710M Yes Ye (4.0-1.5/ 7, Em-10) (15.13) toe where; Ruz | 2% exceeded run-up level (m) Significant wave height at the toc of the structure (m) T Spectral mean energy wave period (sec) ™0 | In scope of this textbook, spectral mean energy wave period can Sen AT Rear [be calculated using the following relations; T,=1IT yap Surf similarity parameter usit sing spectral - calculated by mean energy wave period tana S10 = (2m / ge) Face slope angle of the structure (*) Correction factor for bermed structures Correction factor for rough slopes Correction factor for rough slopes (surging condition) that should be calculated using the following relationship: tree = 4 1.8)(1-y,) tug Ye 7 Correction factor for oblique waves For straight smooth slopes and perpendicular wave attack (B=0°) all of the correction factors are 1.0. Note that this prediction method is valid in a range oft 05<7,En4,9 <10. Correction Factor for Rough Slopes (yp: Atubble slope will dissipate significantly more wave energy than the equivalent smooth or non-porous slope. Run-up levels will therefore generally be reduced. This reduction is influenced by the permeability of the armor, filter and under layers, and by the wave steepness. In Table 15.2, correction factors for rough slopes are given. Correction Factor for Oblique Waves (yp): For oblique waves, the angle of wave attack, B (°), is defined as the angle between the direction of propagation of waves and the axis # perpendicular to the structure (for normal wave attack: B = 0°), The " correction factor can be calculated as: Yp =1-0.0063)8| for: 0° <|8] < 80° For angles of approach, B>80", the result of B=80" can be applied. Table 15.2: Correction Factors for Rough Slopes (EurOtop, 2018) Structure Type Ye Smooth impermeable surface 1.00 Rocks (1 layer, impermeable core) 0.60 Rocks (1 layer, permeable core) 0.45 Rocks (2 layers, impermeable core) 0.55 Rocks (2 layers, permeable core) 0.40 Cubes (1 layer, flat positioning) 0.49 Cubes (2 layers, random positioning) 0.47 | Antifers 0.50 HARO’s 0.47 Tetrapods 0.38 Dolosse 0.43 Accropode I 0.46 XBloc, Core-Loc, Accropode II 0.44 Cubipods one layer 0.49 Cubipods two layers 7 0.47 n Factor for Bermed Slopes (y): co permed slopes are not within the scope of this textbook; therefore, y can ge taken a8 76 =1- 15.4. Wave Overtopping Wave overtopping occurs mainly because of the waves running up the face of a rubble mound breakwater. The first form of the overtopping, known as green water overtopping, occurs when the wave run-up levels are high enough to reach and pass over the crest of the breakwater as a continuous sheet of water. The second form of the overtopping (which is generally the concern in the case of rubble mound breakwaters) occurs due to wave breaking on the seaward face of the structure. This wave preaking produces significant volumes of splash. These droplets may then be carried over the rubble mound breakwater cither under their own momentum or as a consequence of an onshore wind (EurOtop, 2018). In order to calculate wave overtopping discharge, the methodology given by the Overtopping Manual (EurOtop, 2018) can be employed. It is noted that Turkish Coastal Structures Planning and Design Technical Guidelines (AYGM, 2016) that is compulsory to use in Turkey follows the same recommendation by the Overtopping Manual. The methodology by the Overtopping Manual is given by Eq. 15.14 for face slopes between 4:3 and 1:2, and by Eq. 15.15 for face slopes milder than 1:2, When the face slope is milder than 1:2, one should calculate | requested values using both Eq. 15.14 and 15.15. If Eq. 15.15 gives larger results than Eq. 15.14, Eq. 15.14 is used in the design. For (1:2)

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