POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET

LIGHT

FINAL REPORT SUBMITTED FOR

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SOCIETY

STUDENT MENTORSHIP PROGRAMME

BY:-
1. PRABHAT KUMAR (BE/10265/17)
2. VIPLAW KUMAR (BE/10077/17)
3. AHMAD FAROOQUE (BE/10086/17)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MESRA, RANCHI - 835215 (INDIA)
 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the contents of the report entitled “POWER

SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT” is a bonafide
work carried out by these students. The contents of the report have not
been submitted earlier for the award of any other degree or certificates
and we hereby commend the work done by them in this
connection.

Dr. S. Shiva Kumar

Assistant Professor (Faculty Advisor, EEESOC),
Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.
 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express deep regards to our project mentor SONU SINGH

under whose guidance we were able to learn and apply the concepts
presented in this project. His consistent supervision, inspired us to
study deeply for this project and in carrying out this project work with
success.

We are very grateful to Dr. S. Shiva Kumar, Faculty Advisor

of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Society (EESOC), Birla
Institute of Technology for providing us with a platform to learn and
apply concepts to build something new through Student Mentorship
Programme organized by EEESOC, BIT Mesra.

We are very grateful to Dr. P.R. Thakura, Professor and Head

of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla
Institute of Technology for providing facilities and opportunities for
participating in Student Mentorship Programme.

We are also thankful to Prof.(Dr.) M. K. Mishra, Vice

Chancellor, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi for
providing important facilities, required for carrying out this project.
 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is to design such system through which we can
save the electricity of the street light on the highways using arduino.
We have build an innovative street lighting system with optimized
management and efficiency. The system allows substantial energy
savings with increased performance and maintainability.
In this project we are proposing a simpler, multipurpose, cost-
effective design. The main objective is to control the street lights (dim
during dawn and dusk time as well as bright during night time).IR
sensors have been used here for sensing whether any vehicle is on the
track or not,or any person is on pedestrian or not, by making use of
arduino it automatically turns on and off the street light.
 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

CONTENTS

i. Introduction
ii. Aim of project
iii. Description of Project
iv. Hardware Required
v. Arduino Code
vi. Working Model & Working
vii. Applications
viii. Advantages & Disadvantages
ix. Extra Developments
x. Conclusion
xi. Reference
 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

INTRODUCTION

“Power Saving Street Light” zones. Experiments have shown

is an embedded project. And that objects like trees can
we are presenting in this project interrupt wireless
how the power could be saved communication between
using power saving street light lampposts and that inaccuracy
which automatically gets off of global positioning system
in day time and gets on in night. position detection can lead to
It also sense moving vehicles unexpected lighting effects.
and people travelling on road In power saving street lights a
and gets on at that time. Since system is designed through
automation is the need of hour, which we can save the
technology is enhancing and electricity of the street light on
hence we have designed a the highways using the arduino.
system for electricity saving of
the street lights on the highway.
This system shows the
advancement in technology as
well as it also saves the energy.
Embedded is the combination
of both hardware and software.
Hardware in this field is
electronics hardware where as
the software is the programming
of the arduino. As discussed by
many researchers power can be
saved by using smart street Fig. 1: A block diagram
lights. The most common representation of work
objective function using smart
street lights is dynamic
switching of street lamps based
on pedestrians’ locations and
desired safety (or “fear”).
 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

PROJECT AIM AND SCOPE

The main consideration in the present field technologies are
Automation, power consumption and cost effectiveness. Automation
is intended to reduce manpower with the help of intelligent systems.
Power saving is the main consideration forever as the source of power
are getting diminished due to various reasons. The main aim of this
project Automatic street power system with LDR and IR sensors, this
is to save power. We want to save power automatically instead of
doing manual. This saved power can be used in some other cases. So
in villages, towns we can design intelligent systems for the usage of
street lights.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The model comprises of a sensor, LED brightens up for
road in which street lights are that street lamp and the one
present, IR sensors(one for ahead of it. When that
each street light) and LDR vehicle has passed that street
are attached. The working of light its LED again come in
this setup is that when there dim condition. Suppose in a
is not sufficient light LDR condition when a vehicle has
detects it and all the street passed one IR sensor and it
light are in on condition but didn’t crossed the one ahead
they are dim. When a vehicle of it, then both LEDs will
passes through one IR brighten up.

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

HARDWARE REQUIRED
In this project the components used are:-
S.No. COMPONENETS SPECIFICATION

1. Arduino uno 5-12V,40mA

2. LDR 100V,5kΩ,50mW

3. IR Sensors 12V,15W,0-10cm

4. Transformer 220V/12V

5. Voltage Regulator LM7805

6. Veroboard -

7. Capacitors 0.1 µ F,470 µ F

8. Bread Board 125/130V,10/10A,20mΩ

9. Screw Terminals 125/130V,10/10A,20mΩ

10. Resistors 1KΩ

11. Jumper wires 125/130V,10/10A,20mΩ

12. DC Jack 125/130V,10/10A,20mΩ

13. LEDs 1.5V

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button.

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

IR SENSORS
Features of IR Sensor Module:-

• When the module detects obstacles in front of the signal, the

circuit board green indicator light level, while the OUT port
continuous output low-level signals, the module detects a
distance of 2 ~ 10cm, detection angle 35 °, the detection
distance can be potential adjustment with adjustment
potentiometer clockwise, the increase in detection distance;
counter clockwise adjustment potentiometer, the detection
distance decreased.

• the sensor active infrared reflection detection, target reflectivity

and shape of the detection distance of the key. The black
minimum detection range, white maximum; small area object
distance is small, a large area from the large.

• The sensor module output port OUT can be directly connected

with the microcontroller IO port can also be driven directly to a
5V relay; Connection: VCC-VCC; GND-GND; OUT-IO.

• The comparator using LM393, stable.

• 3-5V DC power supply module can be used. When the power is

turned on, the red power LED is lit.

• With the screw holes of 3mm, easy to install.

• Board size: 3.1CM * 1.5CM.

• Each module in the delivery has threshold comparator voltage

adjustable via potentiometer, special circumstances, please do
not adjust the potentiometer.

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Interface(3-wire):-

• VCC external 3.3V-5V voltage (can be directly connected with

the a 5v microcontroller and 3.3v microcontroller).

• GND external GND.

• OUT board digital output interface (0 and 1).

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR(LDR)

An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes

with the light intensity that falls upon it. This allows them to be used
in light sensing circuits.

Variation in resistance with changing light intensity

Typical LDR resistance vs light intensity graph

The most common type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an
increase in the light intensity falling upon the device (as shown in the
image above). The resistance of an LDR may typically have the
following resistances:
Daylight = 5000Ω

Dark = 20000000Ω

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

TRANSFORMER

• Stepdown transformer which converts 220v AC to 12v AC

• At primary side given input as 220v and secondary side output 12v
AC

VOLTAGE REGULATOR(7805)

Voltage regulator are used to Voltage regulators also work to

generate a steady output voltage shield and protect your
of a circuit in response to electronic circuitry from any
variations in an input voltage potential damage.
conditions. If we have 9V in,
Output Current is limited to 1.5
but if we only want 5V out,
A in the voltage regulator used.
then we’ll need to step it down
with a voltage regulator.

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

KBL406

KBL406 is a bridge rectifier. A Direct Current (DC)

bridge rectifier is an converter that rectifies mains
arrangement of four or more AC input to DC output. Bridge
diodes in a bridge circuit Rectifiers are widely used in
configuration which provides power supplies that provide
the same output polarity for necessary DC voltage for the
either input polarity. It is used electronic components or
for converting an alternating devices. They can be
current (AC) input into a direct constructed with four or more
current (DC) output. A bridge diodes or any other controlled
rectifier provides full-wave solid state switches.
rectification from a two-wire Depending on the load current
AC input, therefore resulting in requirements, a proper bridge
lower weight and cost when rectifier is selected.
compared to a rectifier with a 3- Components’ ratings and
wire input from a transformer specifications, breakdown
with a center-tapped secondary voltage, temperature ranges,
winding. A Bridge rectifier is an transient current rating, forward
Alternating Current (AC) to current rating, mounting

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

requirements and other rectifier power supply for an

considerations are taken into appropriate electronic circuit’s
account while selecting a application.

Specifications

• Bridge Type: Single Phase

• Diode Type: Bridge Rectifier
• Peak Average Forward Current: 4 A
• Peak Forward Voltage: 1.1 V
• Peak Non Repetitive Forward Surge Current: 150 A
• Peak Reverse Current: 10 μA
• Peak Reverse Repetitive Voltage:600 V
• Peak RMS Reverse Voltage:420 V
• Squared Current Time Rating: 166 A2s
• Mounting Type: Through Hole
• Pin Count: 4
• Operating Temperature Range: -65 to +125 °C
• Dimensions: 19.5 x 6.5 x 16.3 mm

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

VEROBOARD

Veroboard is a brand of board which was originated and

stripboard, a pre-formed circuit developed in the early 1960s by
board material of copper strips the Electronics Department of
on an insulating bonded paper Vero Precision Engineering Ltd.

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

BREAD BOARD
A breadboard is a solderless board and connect the holes on
device for temporary prototype the top of the board. The metal
with electronics and test circuit strips are laid out as shown
designs. Most electronic below. Note that the top and
components in electronic bottom rows of holes are
circuits can be interconnected connected horizontally and split
by inserting their leads or in the middle while the
terminals into the holes and remaining holes are connected
then making connections vertically.
through wires where
appropriate. The breadboard has
strips of metal underneath the

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

SCREW TERMINALS
A screw terminal is a type of electrical connector where a wire is held
by the tightening of a screw.

Fig: Circuit Diagram of Power Source

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

ARDUINO CODE

int led[]={2,4,7,8,12,13};
int ir[]={A0,A1,A2,A3,A4};
int irvalue[5];
//int full,half,bright=50;
int a=0,b=0;
int ldrValue=0;
int ldr=A5;
void setup() {
for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
{
pinMode(led[i],OUTPUT);
}
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{pinMode(ir[i],INPUT);}
pinMode(ldr,INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
ldrValue=analogRead(A5);
if (ldrValue<500)
{

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

for(int a=0;a<5;a++)
{digitalWrite(led[a],LOW);}
}
else
{
if (analogRead(A0)<200)
{
digitalWrite(led[0],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[1],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[2],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[3],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[4],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[5],LOW);
}
if (analogRead(A1)<200)
{
digitalWrite(led[0],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[1],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[2],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[3],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[4],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[5],LOW);
}
if (analogRead(A2)<200)
{

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

digitalWrite(led[0],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[1],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[2],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[3],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[4],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[5],LOW);
}
if (analogRead(A3)<200)
{
digitalWrite(led[0],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[1],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[2],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[3],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[4],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[5],LOW);
}
if (analogRead(A4)<200)
{
digitalWrite(led[0],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[1],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[2],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[3],LOW);
digitalWrite(led[4],HIGH);
digitalWrite(led[5],HIGH);
}}}

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

Working of the Project

The circuit is used to save the Energy consumption and also

monitoring the Lighting System. By using the step down
transformer, a supply voltage is step down 220v/12v. The step
down voltage is then given to the rectifier unit circuit to get pure
DC voltage from the power supply. This circuit consist of bridge
rectifier, filter, regulator and harmonic distortion capacitors. If the
value of Light intensity is more than the precised value then Street
lights will be off. When light intensity is less than precised value it
will turned on the street light. But at the same time it will check
output from IR sensor, If any vehicle is detected and also light
intensity is less than the precised value, then only it will turn on the
Street light and it will glow brightly. If the Light intensity is less
than the precised value but the vehicle is not detected by the IR
sensor , then it will glow the street light dim i.e. 30%-50%..
Suppose in a condition when a vehicle has passed one IR sensor
and it didn’t crossed the one ahead of it, then both LEDs will
brighten up.

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

WORKING CIRCUIT

APPLICATIONS
• It can be used in highways and other roads where it is not
possible to switch off each and every street light.

• This technology can also be used in all streets and lanes in a

municipal area, factories, university campus, smart cities etc.

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

WORKING MODEL

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 POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHT

ADVANTAGES

• It provides an effective measure to save energy by preventing

unnecessary wastage of electricity, caused due to manual
switching or lighting of street-lights when it is not required.
• It helps in saving huge amount of power.
• It is a low cost, remote controlling and monitoring of the street-
lights and installation cost can be recovered in short span of
time.

DISADVANTAGES

• It may not be efficient in areas of high temperature or during

heavy rainfall.
• If not installed properly it may get damaged and this will
increase cost.

EXTRA DEVELOPMENTS

During maintenance work or any abnormal condition working of

these smart street lights can be manipulated by the message sent by
the operator person of the electricity board which will be received by
the SIM inserted in the GSM Module of the system.

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CONCLUSION

Now a days, in urban areas , Street Lights consume the largest amount
of electricity and can increase up to 40% of total budget. If every
urban and suburban city installed proposed mechanism then a lot of
power can be saved and the project is Power saving Mechanism for
street light using IR sensors and LDR. This scheme is a Low cost,
remote controlling capability, and can be used to monitor the street
lights. Using this technique, the power consumption is reduced to
great extend and also the operational cost get reduce. In future,
Electricity Department might adopt this kind of systems in order to
save power as well as the cost. It is a most reliable and time efficient
way to switch ON-OFF the street lights. While in practical
applications, this scheme is used to control lighting scheme of
industrial areas , colleges and also used in university campus.

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REFERENCES

• Power Saving Mechanism for Street Lights- IJSDR, Volume 2,

Issue 5- May 2017

• AUTOMATION OF STREET LIGHT CONTROL USING

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION- International Journal For
Technological Research In Engineering Volume 3, Issue 4,
December-2015

• Power Saving Street Lights Using Advance Sensors- MIT

International Journal of Electrical and Instrumentation
Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2013

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