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Module 2-LINES

Engineering drawing module

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10 views

Module 2-LINES

Engineering drawing module

Uploaded by

Mac KY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2: Lines

Lines, whether hand-drawn or plotted, shall be opaque and of uniform width for each
type of line. Two widths of lines, i.e., thin and thick, with their widths in the proportions of 1:2,
shall be used. The actual width of each type of line shall be governed by the size and style of the
drawing; the relative widths of the lines shall approximate those shown in Figure 4.1.

Types of Lines

1. Center Lines
Center lines shall be composed of long and short dashes, alternately and evenly spaced, with a
long dash at each end. Center lines shall cross without voids. See figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2

Very short center lines may be unbroken if there is no confusion with other lines. Center lines
shall also be used to indicate the travel of a center. As shown in figure 4.3.
Figure 4.3 Alternate Position

2. Dimension Lines
Dimension lines shall terminate in arrowheads at each end. They shall be unbroken except where
space is required for the dimension.

3. Leaders
Leaders shall be used to indicate a part or portion to which a number, note, or other reference
applies and shall be an unbroken line terminating in an arrowhead, dot, or wavy line.
Arrowheads should always terminate at a line; dots should be within the outline of an object.

4. Break Lines
Short breaks shall be indicated by solid freehand lines. For long breaks, full ruled lines with
freehand zigzags shall be used. Shafts, rods, tubes, etc., which have a portion of their length
broken out, shall have the ends of the break drawn as indicated in Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.4 Break Lines

5. Phantom Lines
Phantom lines shall be used to indicate the alternate position of parts of the item delineated,
repeated detail, or the relative position of an absent part and shall be composed of alternating one
long and two short dashes, evenly spaced, with a long dash at each end. See Figure 4.5.

Figure 4.5 Repeated Details

6. Sectioning Lines
Sectioning lines shall be used to indicate the exposed surfaces of an object in a sectional view.
They are generally thin full lines, but may vary with the kind of material shown in section.

7. Extension Lines
Extension lines are used to indicate the extension of a surface or to point to a location outside the
part outline. They start with a short, visible gap from the outline of the part and are usually
perpendicular to their associated dimension lines.

8. Hidden Lines
Hidden lines are used to show the hidden features of a part. They shall always begin with a dash
in contact with the line from which they begin, except when such a dash would form a
continuation of a full line. Dashes shall touch at corners, and arcs shall begin with dashes on the
tangent points.

9. Stitch Lines
Stitch lines shall be used to indicate the stitching or sewing lines on an article and shall consist of
a series of very short dashes, approximately half the length of dash or hidden lines, evenly
spaced. Long lines of stitching may be indicated by a series of stitch lines connected by phantom
lines.

10. Outlines or Visible Lines


The outline or visible line shall be used for all lines on the drawing representing visible lines on
the object. See figure 4.2.

11. Datum Lines


Datum lines shall be used to indicate the position of a datum plane and shall consist of one long
dash and two short dashes evenly spaced.

12. Cutting-Plane/Viewing-Plane Lines


The cutting-plane lines shall be used to indicate a plane or planes in which a section is taken. The
viewing-plane lines shall be used to indicate the plane or planes from which a surface or surfaces
are viewed. On simple views, the cutting planes shall be indicated as shown in Figure 4.6. View
shall be shown in back of the cutting plane (3rd angle).

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