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Unit 2 Atoms, Elements and Compounds: Summary Questions

This document provides information about essential chemistry for the Cambridge IGCSE including units on atoms, elements, compounds and isotopes. It includes summary questions, practice questions and answers on these topics.

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Lei Yin
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26 views

Unit 2 Atoms, Elements and Compounds: Summary Questions

This document provides information about essential chemistry for the Cambridge IGCSE including units on atoms, elements, compounds and isotopes. It includes summary questions, practice questions and answers on these topics.

Uploaded by

Lei Yin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

Unit 2 Atoms, elements and


compounds
SUMMARY QUESTIONS:
1 (a) (i) Nucleus
(ii) 1
(iii) +1
(b) (i) Nucleus
(ii) 1
(iii) 0 / none
(c) (i) Outside nucleus
(ii) Negligible / 0.00054 / ALLOW: none
(iii) −1
2
p n e
8 8 8
82 125 82
1 0 1
17 20 17

(a) The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.


(b) Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
(c) Two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined. They can be separated by
physical means.
(d) A substance containing two or more different types of atom chemically bonded together.
4 Electrons in two shells around the nucleus; 2 electrons in the inner shell and 3 in the outer
shell; nucleus containing 5 protons and 6 neutrons.
5 Isotopes – atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
Element – substance containing only 1 type of atom
Compound – a substance containing two or more different types of atom chemically bonded
together
Proton – a positively charged particle in the nucleus
6 (a) Conducts heat: metal
(b) Is Brittle: non-metal
(c) Is an insulator: non-metal
(d) Has a dull surface: non-metal
(e) Gives a ringing sound when hit: metal
(f) Conducts electricity: metal

© OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute
E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
1 C It has 6 electrons and 8 neutrons
2 D Graphite is a non-metal which conducts electricity
1 2
3 D The isotope 1H has the same chemical properties as the isotope 1H
4 (a) Atoms of the same element which have a different number of neutrons.
(b) Cl-35 = 18
Cl-37 = 20
(c) Small nucleus in centre of atom labelled; three shells of electrons outside nucleus;
correct number of electrons in each shell, i.e. 2,8,7
(d) Stable electronic configuration / less chemically reactive than isolated chlorine atom.
5 (a) Substance containing two or more types of atom chemically combined / bonded.
(b) Any two of:

Compound Mixture
Bonds between Fe and S No bonds between Fe and S
Composition is constant Composition can vary
Have different properties to Fe and S alone Has same properties as Fe and S
Fe and S can’t be separated by physical Fe can be separated from S by physical
means, e.g. magnet means, e.g. magnet
Heat change when compound is formed No heat change when mixture is formed

(c) (i) 2,8,6


(ii) Number of electrons in outer shell = 6, Group number = 6
(iii) Proton number
(d) Any three of:

Iron Sulfur
Conducts electricity Doesn’t conduct electricity
Conducts heat Doesn’t conduct heat
Malleable Brittle
Is sonorous Not sonorous
Ductile Not ductile
Lustrous / shiny Dull surface

6 (a) Idea of breakdown of nucleus / unstable nucleus. ALLOW: different elements formed.
(b) (i) Any medical use, e.g. thyroid treatment / cancer therapy / radioactive tracer for faulty
metabolism etc.
(ii) Any suitable use, e.g. measuring thickness of paper / checking for leaks in pipe.
(c) (i) Electron shell on outside and small nucleus in centre; nucleus labelled; one proton and
one neutron in nucleus; one electron outside nucleus + labelled.
(ii) Normal hydrogen does not have a neutron / deuterium has a neutron.

© OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute
E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

7 (a) (i) Any three of:


Metals conduct electricity / metals conduct heat / metals are malleable / metals are
ductile / metals are lustrous (shiny) / metals are sonorous.
(ii) Any two of:
Sodium is soft / sodium does not ring when hit (not sonorous)
ALLOW: has a low melting or boiling point
(b) Any two of:
It is a gas (or has low boiling point or melting point) / it does not conduct electricity (or
heat) / is not shiny (do not accept other differences since these do not apply to a gas).
(c) Sodium chloride is white whereas a mixture of sodium and chlorine would be green and
silver; sodium chloride has a high melting point but sodium has a relatively low melting
point and chlorine has a very low melting point.
(d) (i) 2,8,1
(ii) 2,8,7
8 (a) A 2,8,2
2 electrons in outer shell
(b) B 2,8,6 and E 2,6
(c) B 2,8,6
(d) (i) Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
(ii) 16
(e) Any three of:
Lithium has higher melting (or boiling) point than oxygen / lithium conducts electricity (or
heat) oxygen doesn’t / lithium is shiny, oxygen is not (or colourless) / lithium is a solid but
oxygen is a gas.

© OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute

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