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3 Balanced and Un Balanced Load

This document discusses three-phase electrical systems including: 1. Three-phase systems are produced by generators with three voltage sources 120 degrees out of phase. Balanced three-phase systems have equal magnitude voltages 120 degrees apart. 2. There are four possible connections for three-phase systems: Y-Y, Y-Δ, Δ-Δ, and Δ-Y. Balanced configurations have equal currents or voltages. 3. Three-phase systems require less material and have lower power losses than equivalent single-phase systems because the loads are more evenly distributed over the three phases.

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Mohd Azlan Harun
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views

3 Balanced and Un Balanced Load

This document discusses three-phase electrical systems including: 1. Three-phase systems are produced by generators with three voltage sources 120 degrees out of phase. Balanced three-phase systems have equal magnitude voltages 120 degrees apart. 2. There are four possible connections for three-phase systems: Y-Y, Y-Δ, Δ-Δ, and Δ-Y. Balanced configurations have equal currents or voltages. 3. Three-phase systems require less material and have lower power losses than equivalent single-phase systems because the loads are more evenly distributed over the three phases.

Uploaded by

Mohd Azlan Harun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5

Balanced and Unbalanced Load


Balance Three‐Phase Voltages
• A three‐phase generator consists of a 
rotating magnet (rotor) surrounded by a 
stationary winding (stator).

A three-phase The generated


Three‐Phase Circuit
A system produced by a generator consisting of three sources
having the same amplitude and frequency but out of phase
with each other by 120°.
Balance Three‐Phase Voltages
• Two possible configurations:

Three-phase voltage sources: (a) Y-connected ; (b)


Δ-connected
Balance Three‐Phase Voltages

• Balanced phase voltages are equal in 
magnitude and are out of phase with each 
other by 120°.

• The phase sequence is the time order in 


which the voltages pass through their 
respective maximum values.

• A balanced load is one in which the phase 
impedances are equal in magnitude and in 
Balance Three‐Phase Voltages
Example 1

Determine the phase sequence of 
the set of voltages.

van  200 cos(t  10)


vbn  200 cos(t  230)
vcn  200 cos(t  110)
Balance Three‐Phase Voltages
Solution:
The voltages can be expressed in phasor form as

Van  20010 V
Vbn  200  230 V
Vcn  200 110 V

We notice that Van leads Vcn by 120° and Vcn in turn 


leads Vbn by 120°.
Hence, we have an acb sequence.
Balance Three‐Phase Connection
Four possible connections

1. Y‐Y connection (Y‐connected source with a Y‐
connected load)

2. Y‐Δ connection (Y‐connected source with a Δ‐
connected load)

3. Δ‐Δ connection

4. Δ‐Y connection
Balance Three‐Phase Connection
• A balanced Y-Y system is a three-phase
system with a balanced y-connected source and
a balanced y-connected load.

VL  3Vp , where
Vp  Van  Vbn  Vcn
VL  Vab  Vbc  Vca
Balance Three‐Phase Connection
• A balanced Y-Δ system is a three-phase system
with a balanced y-connected source and a
balanced Δ-connected load.

IL  3Ip , where
IL  Ia  Ib  Ic
Ip  IAB  IBC  ICA
Balance Three‐Phase Connection

• A balanced Δ-Δ system is a three-phase


system with a balanced Δ -connected source and
a balanced Δ -connected load.
Balance Three‐Phase Connection
• A balanced Δ-Y system is a three-phase
system with a balanced y-connected source
and a balanced y-connected load.
Power in a balanced System
Comparing the power loss in (a) a single-phase system, and (b) a
three-phase system
If same power loss is tolerated in both system,
three-phase system use only 75% of materials
Application – Residential Wiring

A 120/240 household A typical wiring diagram of


Application – Residential Wiring

Single-phase three-wire
Since this value is well below
the rated value of 170 A rms,
the conductor is sized properly
and we can safely add the third

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