Scribd
Upload
116 views

CH2 Hand Processes

This document discusses various hand tools used in engineering. It describes subtractive manufacturing processes and introduces common hand tools like files, hacksaws, cold chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, taps, and dies. For each tool, it explains the purpose, parts, usage techniques, and safety considerations. The document also contrasts power hand tools with traditional hand tools.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Adnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
116 views

CH2 Hand Processes

This document discusses various hand tools used in engineering. It describes subtractive manufacturing processes and introduces common hand tools like files, hacksaws, cold chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, taps, and dies. For each tool, it explains the purpose, parts, usage techniques, and safety considerations. The document also contrasts power hand tools with traditional hand tools.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Adnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Chapter 2: Hand Processes

Eng. Luqman Herzallah


2020

1
Objectives

Knowledge of
the engineering
tools

Knowledge of
Experience
manufacturing
using the tools
processes

2
1. Introduction
• Subtractive manufacturing
• Tools

3
2. Engineer’s Files
• Aim
▪ Removal of sharp edges
▪ Producing intricate shapes
▪ Reducing dimension

4
2. Engineer’s Files
• Grade of cut
▪ Bastard
▪ Second cut
▪ smooth

5
2. Engineer’s Files
• Single cut
• Double cut

6
2. Engineer’s Files
• File identification
➢Hand file
➢Pillar file
➢Flat file
➢Square file
➢Three-square file
➢Round file
➢Half-round file
➢Knife file
➢Dreadnought file
➢Needle file

7
2. Engineer’s Files
• Filing
➢Making flat surfaces
➢Two-handed operation
➢Forward stroke only
➢High to low cut degree
• Care of files

8
3. The hacksaw
• Cut large amounts of
waste
• Blade fit
• Teeth direction
• Blade choice
➢More teeth for hard
material
➢More teeth for thin
workpiece

9
3. The hacksaw
• Blade types
➢All hard
➢Flexible
➢bimetallic

10
4. Cold chisels
• Chisels are used for
cutting metal.
• It is made of high
carbon steel.
• The cutting end is
hardened and
tempered.
• The opposite end is not
hardened.

11
4. Cold chisels
• Classification:
➢Flat
➢Cross-cut

12
4. Cold chisels
• Using the chisel
➢The sheet metal is to be supported in a
vice.
➢Large sheet metal needs tow metal bars to
support it.
➢Mark out the shape to be cut.
➢Drill a series of holes in the waste
material.
➢Use the chisel to break through between
the holes.

13
4. Cold chisels
• Using the chisel
➢Hold it firmly but not too
tight.
➢Strike it with sharp blows.
➢Keep your eye in the cutting
edge.
➢Hold it at 40° approximately.
➢Grind off any mushroom
head as it develops.

14
5. Engineer’s hammers
• Hardened and tempered
steel head.
• The pein is used for riveting
over the ends of pins and
rivets.
• Hammers with soft material
is used for soft workpiece.
• Length of the handle is
appropriate for the head
mass.
15
6. Screwdrivers
• Most common types :
slotted, Philips, pozidriv
and torx.
• Use the correct size.
• Never hold the work in
your hand while
tightening or loosening a
screw.
• Never use it as a chisel.

16
7. Taps
• Cutting internal thread.
• Tapping using a set of
three tap degrees.
• Degrees differ in lead.
• Drill a hole, use the first
tap held in the tap
wrench, rotate CW and
CCW 2 to 3 times. Use the
2nd degree and the 3rd
degree taps.
17
8. Dies
• Cutting external thread.
• Center screw to open the
die (adjust the size).
• Hold the die in the die
holder, rotate with
downward pressure then
without pressure, rotate
CW and CCW 2 to 3 times.
Adjust the center screw
when needed.

18
9. Power hand tools
• High speed of production, high cost of tool, low accuracy, low fatigue
for the worker. In comparison with hand tools.
➢Hand drills.
➢Screwdriver.
➢Impact wrench.
➢Grinder.
➢Metal shears.
➢Hammer.

19
9. Power hand tools

20

You might also like