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Lec 17-Intro To Airport Engineering - Runway Engineering

This document provides an overview of runway engineering and airport components. It discusses the importance of air transportation and limitations. It also defines key terms like aerodrome, runway, taxiway, apron, and introduces organizations like ICAO and IATA that govern international aviation. Finally, it outlines some of the main components of an airport including terminals, hangars, runways classified by instrument approach capabilities, and differences between visual and instrument flight rules.

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75 views

Lec 17-Intro To Airport Engineering - Runway Engineering

This document provides an overview of runway engineering and airport components. It discusses the importance of air transportation and limitations. It also defines key terms like aerodrome, runway, taxiway, apron, and introduces organizations like ICAO and IATA that govern international aviation. Finally, it outlines some of the main components of an airport including terminals, hangars, runways classified by instrument approach capabilities, and differences between visual and instrument flight rules.

Uploaded by

mwaqas250
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transportation Engineering

(CE-421)

Engr. Muhammad Faisal


[email protected] 1
Quaid -E- Azam College Of Engineering & Technology
LEC
17

Runway Engineering
Ref Book: Planning & Design of airports by Robert Horonjeff

2
Introduction
Importance of Air Transportation
▪ Accessibility to inaccessible areas

▪ Fastest mode of transportation

▪ Connectivity over land and water

▪ Enhance international travel (tourism etc.)

▪ Relief during emergencies and natural disasters (2005


earthquake, 2010 floods), Firefighting

3
Introduction
Limitations of air transport
▪ Requires huge funds
o High initial construction cost (land cost)
o High maintenance cost
▪ Requires highly skilled workforce and sophisticated
equipment
▪ Operations highly dependent on weather conditions
▪ Safety in air
▪ Designation of flight paths and territories

4
Introduction

Airport Engineering: is the planning, design,


construction, operation and maintenance of facilities
provided for the landing and takeoff, loading and
unloading, service, maintenance, and storage of aircraft.

5
Introduction

Concern of Civil Engineer:


Civil Engineers are concerned with airports and allied
facilities right from feasibility study to maintenance,
renovation and extension.

Concern of Transportation Engineer:


His concern is much more. He should also possess
sufficient knowledge of air traffic and airport
elements affecting air traffic
6
International Aviation Organizations

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO):


The International Civil Aviation Organization, a UN
Specialized Agency, is the global forum for civil
aviation. ICAO works to achieve its vision of safe,
secure and sustainable development of civil aviation
through cooperation amongst its member States.

7
International Aviation Organizations

International Air Transport Association (IATA)


An international industry trade group of airlines
headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where
the International Civil Aviation Organization’s also
headquartered.
IATA’s stated mission is to represent, lead and serve
the airline industry. All the Airline rules and regulations
are defined by IATA . The main aim of IATA is to provide
safe and secure transportation to its passengers

8
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)

Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)


It is one of two major categories of flying, representing all non-
military aviation, both private and commercial.
History
a. Aviation matter were handled by Civil Aviation Department
since independence till an autonomous and regulatory body
created in December 1982 to handle all matters related to civil
aviation in Pakistan.
b. CAA ensures conformity to the standards laid down by the
international civil aviation organization (ICAO).
c. Mission: To provide, for the promotion and regulation of civil
aviation activities and to develop an infrastructure for safe,
efficient, adequate, economical and properly coordinated civil
air transport service in Pakistan. 9
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)
FUNCTIONS:
▪ Plans and develops airport infrastructure ahead of
demand.
▪ Enforces high performance standards for efficiency and
service in airport operations.
▪ Promotes and facilitates the development of air cargo
industries.
▪ Promotes safe and efficient – commercial aviation, in a
competitive environment.
▪ Develops services and aviation infrastructure.
▪ Provides air traffic control service to ensure a safe,
orderly and expeditious flow of aircraft movements
within the Pakistan flight information regions.
10
▪ Provide search and rescue.
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)
FUNCTIONS:
▪ Regulate the operations of Pakistan registered aircraft.
▪ Ensure the certification and surveillance activities of all
Pakistani operators.
▪ Certification of aviation training centers.
▪ Regulates / monitor general aviation activities.
▪ Ensure airworthiness of all civil aircrafts, certification
and surveillance of aircraft engineering activities.
▪ Regulates the operation of aerospace industries.
▪ Ensures medical fitness of all operational personnel.
▪ Advises the government on matters related to civil
aviation authority.
11
Airport Components

12
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Hanger

13
AIRPORT COMPONENTS
Aerodrome A defined area on land or water (including any
building, installations, and equipment) intended to be used
either wholly or in part of the arrival, departure and surface
movement of aircraft.
Aeroplane Reference Field Length. The minimum field
length required for takeoff at maximum certified takeoff
mass, sea level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air
and zero runway slope, as shown in appropriate aero-plane
flight manual.
Apron/Ramp. A defined area, on a land aerodrome,
intended to accommodate aircraft for purpose of loading or
unloading passenger, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or
maintenance.
14
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Terminal Building
Provides facilities for all passenger arriving and departure
from airport and allowed airline and admin’s personnel's.
It includes followings facilities:

• Booking office
• Custom’s office
• Restaurants
• Weather bureau
• Luggage and mails rooms
• Communication systems (telephone/telegraph office
etc.)
• Air traffic control tower
15
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Hangars

Large sheds erected on airport for housing & repairing


airplanes. It may be storage or service hangers.

16
AIRPORT COMPONENTS
Taxiways
❑ Defined parked path for taxiing aircraft to & from the
runway
❑ Object is to provide access to the aircraft for runway to
Terminal areas & service hangers in such a way that
aircraft that just landed don’t interfere with the aircraft
taxiing to take off.

➢ Parallel Taxiways ➢ Entrance Taxiways

➢ Bypass Taxiways ➢ Exit Taxiways

17
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

❑ All taxiways should have centerline marking and


runways holding position markings whenever they
intersect a runway.

❑ Taxiways lighting is provided at many airports to


facilitate the movement of aircrafts at night or in poor
visibility conditions

❑ Taxiway edge lights are used to outline the edges of


the taxiway and emit blue light. Taxiways centerline
emit a green light.

18
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Runway

According to the International Civil Aviation


Organization (ICAO), a runway is a;

“Defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome


prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft".

19
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

20
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

21
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

22
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Runway Classification:

1. Non-Instrument
Visual Approach Procedures Only.
2. Non-Precision
Instrumental Approach with horizontal Guidance
Only
3. Precision
Instrument approach utilizing Instrument Landing
System (ILS), Microwave Landing System(MLS)
or GPS.

23
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

• Means the weather conditions are good enough


for the aircraft to be operated by visual reference
to the ground.
• In VFR conditions, there is no “ on route traffic
control” and aircraft are allowed to fly on a “see
& be seen” principle.

24
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

• Conditions prevails when the visibility or the


ceiling falls below those prescribed for flight
under visual flight rules.
• Essentially these rules require the assignment of
specific altitude and routes and minimum
separation of aircraft at the same altitude and
flying in the same direction.

25
AIRPORT COMPONENTS

Pakyong Airport, Sikkim, India


Runway: 1,700 m × 30 m (5,577 ft × 98 ft)
Taxiway: 116 m (381 ft) 26
Appron: 106 by 76 metres (348 ft × 249 ft)

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