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2Q-S1 Polynomial Functions

1. A polynomial function is defined as a function represented by a polynomial with real number coefficients and non-negative integer exponents. 2. Polynomial functions are classified according to their degree, such as quadratic (degree 2) or cubic (degree 3). 3. The zeros of a polynomial function are the values that make the function equal to 0. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra states that every polynomial function has at least one zero.

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Alice Krode
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55 views

2Q-S1 Polynomial Functions

1. A polynomial function is defined as a function represented by a polynomial with real number coefficients and non-negative integer exponents. 2. Polynomial functions are classified according to their degree, such as quadratic (degree 2) or cubic (degree 3). 3. The zeros of a polynomial function are the values that make the function equal to 0. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra states that every polynomial function has at least one zero.

Uploaded by

Alice Krode
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polynomial Functions

Learning Objectives:
1.0. Define polynomial function.
1.1. Illustrate polynomial function.
1.1. Classify polynomial functions according to degree.
1.2. Describe the zeros, roots and x – intercepts of polynomial functions.
2.0. Solve for the zeros and equation of the polynomial function.
3.0. Develop positive thinking towards new topic in math.
Philippians 4:13 “I can do all things through him who strengthens me.”
2
Polynomial Functions
Polynomial Functions: P(x)

✔ Is a function defined by a polynomial in one variable.


✔𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝒏−𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 ,
where 𝒂𝒏, 𝒂𝒏−𝟏, 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 , … , 𝒂𝟏 , 𝒂𝟎 are real numbers, 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0, and n
is a nonnegative integer.
Polynomial Functions: P(x)

✔A function is a polynomial if;


○ The exponents are all positive. No fractional exponents.
○ There is no variable inside a radical symbol ( )
○ There is no positive exponent in the variable of the denominator, nor a
negative exponent in the numerator.
Polynomial Functions: P(x)
✔ It is classified according to their degree.
○ Constant Function, 𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒂𝟎 , where 𝑎0 ≠ 0, has degree 0
○ Linear Function, 𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 , where 𝑎1 ≠ 0, has degree 1
○ Quadratic Function, 𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 , has degree 2 or can be
written as well as 𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄, where 𝑎 ≠ 0
○ Cubic Function, 𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙𝟑 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄𝒙 + 𝒅, where 𝑎 ≠ 0, has degree 3
○ Quartic Function, a polynomial function of degree 4.
Polynomial Functions: P(x)
✔ x – intercept is the value of x for which y is equal to 0. These values
are also called solutions or roots of the corresponding polynomial
equation.
✔ Zeros of polynomial function are the values of x for which
𝑃(𝑥) = 0.
Polynomial Functions: P(x)
Example 1: Determine if the given equation is a polynomial function or
not. If it is, classify it according to its degree.

a. 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 3
5
b. r 𝑎 = 𝑎2 − + 1
𝑎
c. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2
Polynomial Functions: P(x)
Example 2: Determine whether the following are zeros of the
polynomial function, 𝑃 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 13𝑥 2 + 12𝑥.

a. 0 b. 1 c. -3
Fundamental Theorem Algebra
Fundamental Theorem Algebra
✔ tells usthat every polynomial function has at least one complex zero.
Note that a complex zero is a zero of a polynomial function that is
either real or imaginary.

Example 3: Determine the zeros of the function, 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 36𝑥.

(See Page 111 for the answer)


Linear Factorization Theorem
Linear Factorization Theorem
✔ tells us that a polynomial function will have the same number
of factors as its degree, and that each factor will be in the
form (𝒙 − 𝒄) or a linear factors, where c is a complex
number.

Example 4: Write a cubic polynomial function whose zeros are 1, 0, and -2.
(See Page 112 for the answer)
Activity:

1. Determine if the given function is a polynomial.


a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3
b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 3 𝑥
2. Determine if -2 is a zero of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ?
3. What are all the zeros of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0?
4. Write a polynomial function whose zeros -1, 1, 3, and 4.
Answer Key

1. Determine if the given function is a polynomial.


a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3
❑ YES, since it follows all the conditions that makes a
polynomial function.
b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 3 𝑥
❑ No, since there is a variable inside the radical symbol.
Answer Key
2. Determine if -2 is a zero of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ?
❑ Substitute -2 to x in the given function.
𝒇 −𝟐 = (−𝟐)𝟒 − 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟑 − −𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟒(−𝟐)
𝒇 −𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟒 −𝟖 − 𝟒 − 𝟖
𝒇 −𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟑𝟐 − 𝟒 − 𝟖
𝒇 −𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
-2 is not a zero of the function since 𝒇 −𝟐 ≠ 𝟎.
Answer Key
3. What are all the zeros of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0?
❑ Solution:
𝒙(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐) = 𝟎
𝒙 𝒙+𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 =𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒙 = −𝟐, 𝒙 = 𝟏

The zeros of the function are 0, -2 and 1.


Answer Key
4. Write a polynomial function whose zeros -1, 1, 3, and 4.
❑ Solution:
𝒇 𝒙 = (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝒇 𝒙 = (𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 −𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐)
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟒 −𝟕𝒙𝟑 +𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟒 −𝟕𝒙𝟑 +𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐

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