Scribd
Upload
132 views

Introduction To Combined Footing.

This document discusses the design of combined footings. Combined footings are used to support multiple columns or walls that are closely spaced. They are also used when an exterior column's footing would project into a neighboring property. The combined footing must have its centroid aligned with the resultant of the column loads. The footing can be rectangular or trapezoidal depending on space restrictions. Design considerations include determining the footing dimensions, thickness, steel reinforcement, and addressing punching shear and bending moments.

Uploaded by

Omkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
132 views

Introduction To Combined Footing.

This document discusses the design of combined footings. Combined footings are used to support multiple columns or walls that are closely spaced. They are also used when an exterior column's footing would project into a neighboring property. The combined footing must have its centroid aligned with the resultant of the column loads. The footing can be rectangular or trapezoidal depending on space restrictions. Design considerations include determining the footing dimensions, thickness, steel reinforcement, and addressing punching shear and bending moments.

Uploaded by

Omkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Design of Combined Footing

INTRODUCTION

The combined footings are the spread footings


which support more than one column or a wall.

In case, two interior columns carrying loads P1


and P2 are so closely spaced and the bearing
capacity of the soil q is small, the isolated
(single) footing areas, AF1 and AF2 are large
and overlap as shown in Fig. then, the
combined footing is used.
The combined footing is also used, in case, the
projection of footing of an exterior column is
likely to project into the others property line.

In such cases, a combined rectangular footing


or a combined trapezoidal footing in plan as
shown in Fig. is used so that the projection
from the footing remain within the own
property line.

In each case the centroid of the combined


footing must coincide with the resultant of
the two column loads marked as O.
The combined footing is also used in case
(i) insufficient bearing capacity of sub-soil requiring large areas, or
(ii) sensitivity of the superstructure to differential settlements

Combined footing are either rectangular or trapezoidal


A rectangular footing is provided in the following circumstances
1) When width of foundation is restricted.
2) The projection of the footing parallel to the length of the footing is
restricted on one side

Trapezoidal Footing is adopted when the projection parallel to the


length of footing is restricted on both side.
i.e. the trapezoidal footing is adopted when length of footing
itself is restricted.
Details about rectangular combined footing
Let A and B represents two columns carrying
load Wa and Wb respectively.
Let the left column A with the exterior column
and let B be the interior column.
let the columns be ‘L’ apart between centre.
Due to boundary limitations let the offset on
the left side of exterior column A be restricted
to ‘xa’.
Now the plan dimension of footing can be
fixed as follows..
Total Column Load = Wa + Wb =  W

Weight of the foundation

( this may be taken as 10% of  Wa approximately)

= Wf

 
Total load transmitted to the soil =  W   Wf
 

 
 W   Wf
 Area of foundation = Af =  
SBC
Distance of c.g. of column loads
Wb * l
from axis of column A = x  m from A
W

Distance of the c.g. of column loads


from left edge of the footing = xa + x

In order the intensity of a soil reaction on the


footing may be uniform, the condition to be
satisfied is that c.g. of column load in plan and
c.g. of foundation plan must co-inside.
Net upward pressure on the footing
To satisfy this condition
Length of footing = L = 2  xa  x  Total column load 
W
p  KN / m2
Area of footing Af
After determining the length L of the footing
and offset xb on the right side of the column B
can be easily determined.

xb 
L
2

 lx 
Since the area of foundation is already
calculated we can determine the width ‘b’ of
the footing.
Thus the plan dimensions of footing and exact
positions of columns on the footing are
established.
Thickness of footing

This is determined from punching shear and


bending moment consideration

Punching shear consideration under column A


If D be the over all depth required, equating
the punching resistance to the punching load,
we get,

 perimeter of column A   D 
safe punching shear stress = Wa-  p  area of column A 
Thus we can find D from above relation.
Punching shear consideration under column B

 perimeter of column B  D 
safe punching shear stress = Wa-  p  area of column B 
Thus we can find D from above relation.
Bending Moment consideration

Net upward reaction per unit length of


footing
w  p * b KN/m

Provide a clear cover of 60 mm and using a


suitable diameter 20 mm to 22 mm of bars
overall thickness D = d + half the dia. Of bar +
clear cover.
Greater of overall depth is calculated from punching
shear and bending moment consideration should be
adopted
Now we can determine the Steel required for the
above critical bending moments

shear analysis
Let ‘qc’ be the permissible shear stress.
In the zones where nominal shear stress is less than
‘qc’ nominal eight legged stirrups will be provided at
a nominal spacing of 300 mm c/c.
shear analysis
Let ‘qc’ be the permissible shear stress.
In the zones where nominal shear stress is less than
‘qc’ nominal eight legged stirrups will be provided at
a nominal spacing of 300 mm c/c.

Where the nominal shear stress stresses are greater


than ‘qc’, 12 legged stirrups may be provided.
Sufficient longitudinal Steel shall also be provided to
support the stirrups.
To support 8-legged stirrups at least five longitudinal
pass are needed at top and at bottom as shown in
figure.

To support 12- legged stirrups, at least 7 longitudinal


bar are needed at the top and at the bottom as
shown in figure
Deposition of top and bottom longitudinal bars

Minimum Steel requirement for flexure is 0.15 %


of gross area
however in case of the footing to cover other
considerations a minimum of 0.3% of grass area
shall be provided.
If the reinforcement calculated for BM
consideration is less than the above limit then at
least minimum requirement specified above may
be provided.
Disposition of top bar

The top bars which have been determined


from maximum hogging bending moment may
be provided between outer face of one column
to outer face of other column.

Beyond this region as much longitudinal Steel


as may be needed to support the stirrup may
be provided.
Disposition of bottom bars

The bottom bar under any of the column shall be


extended into the interior of the footing to the
greater of the following distances

1) 42* diameter from the outer face of the


column.
2) up to the point of contraflexure.
Transverse bending
Footing has also a tendency to bend in a transverse
direction. However such bending is likely to occur for
a certain region in the neighborhood of each column.

For design purpose it may be assume that such


transverse bending will occur for a distance equal to
the effective depth measured from the face of the
column.
Now we can calculate the transverse Steel
required for this bending moment that transfer
steel is placed over the bottom longitudinal
Park In the zone of transverse bending

You might also like