Scribd
Upload
29 views

Function

The document defines a function in mathematics as a relation between two sets where each element of the first set (the domain) is related to exactly one element of the second set (the codomain). Formally, a function f is defined by a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where x is drawn from the domain X and y is drawn from the codomain Y, such that each x is paired with exactly one y. The value of y for a given x is called the image or output of the function for that input value. Two functions are equal if they have the same domain and codomain sets and return the same output values for each input.

Uploaded by

Gokul Krish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views

Function

The document defines a function in mathematics as a relation between two sets where each element of the first set (the domain) is related to exactly one element of the second set (the codomain). Formally, a function f is defined by a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where x is drawn from the domain X and y is drawn from the codomain Y, such that each x is paired with exactly one y. The value of y for a given x is called the image or output of the function for that input value. Two functions are equal if they have the same domain and codomain sets and return the same output values for each input.

Uploaded by

Gokul Krish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Function (mathematics) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)

x ∈ X, y ∈ Y, and every element of X is the first component of


exactly one ordered pair in G.[6][note 3] In other words, for every x
in X, there is exactly one element y such that the ordered pair
(x, y) belongs to the set of pairs defining the function f. The set G
is called the graph of the function. Formally speaking, it may be
identified with the function, but this hides the usual
interpretation of a function as a process. Therefore, in common
usage, the function is generally distinguished from its graph.

Functions are also called maps or mappings, though some


authors make some distinction between "maps" and "functions"
(see section #Map).

In the definition of function, X and Y are respectively called the A function that associates any of the
domain and the codomain of the function f.[7] If (x, y) belongs to four colored shapes to its color.
the set defining f, then y is the image of x under f, or the value of
f applied to the argument x. In the context of numbers in
particular, one also says that y is the value of f for the value x of its variable, or, more concisely, that y
is the value of f of x, denoted as y = f(x).

Two functions f and g are equal, if their domain and codomain sets are the same and their output
values agree on the whole domain. More formally, f = g if f(x) = g(x) for all x ∈ X, where f:X → Y
and g:X → Y.[8][9][note 4]

The domain and codomain are not always explicitly given when a function is defined, and, without
some (possibly difficult) computation, one might only know that the domain is contained in a larger
set. Typically, this occurs in mathematical analysis, where "a function from X to Y " often refers to a
function that may have a proper subset[note 5] of X as domain. For example, a "function from the reals
to the reals" may refer to a real-valued function of a real variable. However, a "function from the reals
to the reals" does not mean that the domain of the function is the whole set of the real numbers, but
only that the domain is a set of real numbers that contains a non-empty open interval. Such a function
is then called a partial function. For example, if f is a function that has the real numbers as domain
and codomain, then a function mapping the value x to the value is a function g from the
reals to the reals, whose domain is the set of the reals x, such that f(x) ≠ 0.

The range of a function is the set of the images of all elements in the domain.[10][11][12][13] However,
range is sometimes used as a synonym of codomain,[13][14] generally in old textbooks.

Relational approach

Any subset of the Cartesian product of two sets and defines a binary relation
between these two sets. It is immediate that an arbitrary relation may contain pairs that violate the
necessary conditions for a function given above.

A binary relation is functional (also called right-unique) if

3 of 26 29-01-2021, 19:09

You might also like