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OPAMP Lab Report

The phase relationship between the input and output signals is inverting as predicted by the equation Vo=-Rf/RiVin. The input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase with each other as the op-amp is configured in the inverting mode.

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sara khan
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89 views8 pages

OPAMP Lab Report

The phase relationship between the input and output signals is inverting as predicted by the equation Vo=-Rf/RiVin. The input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase with each other as the op-amp is configured in the inverting mode.

Uploaded by

sara khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab Title:

“Operational Amplifier (OPAMP) Gain”


Objective:
The objectives of this lab are:
 To investigate OP-AMP with and without feedback.
 To measure the voltage gain of an inverting OP-AMP.

Background theory:
The Operational Amplifier (op amp) was invented in the 40’s. Bell Labs filed a patent
in 1941 and many consider the first practical op amp to be the vacuum tube K2-W
invented in 1952 by George Philbrick.
An operational amplifier ("op amp") is a direct-coupled, differential-input, high gain
voltage amplifier, usually packaged in the form of a small integrated circuit. The term
"operational" dates back to the early days of analog computers when these devices
were employed in circuits that performed mathematical operations such as addition,
subtraction, integration, and the solution of differential equations. Today's op amps are
used in a much wider variety of circuits and operate at considerably lower voltages and
powers; however, the name remains.
An Operational Amplifier, or op-amp for short, is fundamentally a voltage amplifying
device designed to be used with external feedback components such as resistors and
capacitors between its output and input terminals. These feedback components
determine the resulting function or “operation” of the amplifier and by virtue of the
different feedback configurations whether resistive, capacitive or both, the amplifier can
perform a variety of different operations, giving rise to its name of “Operational
Amplifier”.
The Voltage Gain (AV) of the operational amplifier can be found using the following
formula

and in Decibels or (dB) is given as:


An Operational Amplifier is basically a three-terminal device which consists
of two high impedance inputs. One of the inputs is called the Inverting
Input, marked with a negative or “minus” sign, (–). The other input is called
the Non-inverting Input, marked with a positive or “plus” sign (+).
Equivalent Circuit of an Ideal Operational Amplifier

Operational Amplifier General Conditions:


• The Operational Amplifier, or Op-amp as it is most commonly
called, can be an ideal amplifier with infinite Gain and Bandwidth
when used in the Open-loop mode with typical DC gains of well over
100,000 or 100dB.
• The basic Op-amp construction is of a 3-terminal device, with 2-
inputs and 1-output, (excluding power connections).
•  An Operational Amplifier operates from either a dual positive (+V)
and an corresponding negative (-V) supply, or they can operate from
a single DC supply voltage.
• The two main laws associated with the operational amplifier are that it
has an infinite input impedance, (Z = ∞) resulting in “No current
flowing into either of its two inputs” and zero input offset
voltage V1 = V2.
• An operational amplifier also has zero output impedance, ( Z = 0 ).
• Op-amps sense the difference between the voltage signals applied to
their two input terminals and then multiply it by some pre-determined
Gain, (A).
• This Gain, (A) is often referred to as the amplifiers “Open-loop Gain”.
• Closing the open loop by connecting a resistive or reactive
component between the output and one input terminal of the op-amp
greatly reduces and controls this open-loop gain.
• Op-amps can be connected into two basic
configurations, Inverting and Non-inverting.

Circuit diagram:

Tasks:
1. Make a circuit as shown. First measure the actual
−R f
resistance values and find a relation i.e. V o =
Ri i
V
For Actual Resistance:
= Rf/Rin
=2k/1k
=2
So,
Vo=(-Rf/Rin)Vin
Vo=-2Vin
The output voltage is equal to -2 of input voltage this means that the
output voltage will be -2 time greater in magnitude than Vin. Here
the Vin is equal to 2.
Vo=-2x2
=-4V
2.Start with Ri = 1kΩ and Rf = 10kΩ. Use the function
generator LOW OUTPUT to supply a 1 kHz 0.4 V peak-to-
peak sine wave input as Vi?
find the relation:
Vo=(-Rf/Rin)Vin
Vo=(-10k/1k)Vin
Vo=-10vin
Vin=0.4
Vo=-10x0.4
Vo=-4V
3.Observe and record the input and output voltages as before for a closed-
loop gain of -10, -2.2, and -1. Use your own values such that you will need
to choose values of Ri and Rf for gains of -2.2 and -1.
For A=-2.2:
We take Rf=22k and Rin =10 .
=-Rf/RIN=-2.2
VOUT=(-Rf/RIN) x Vin
=(-22k/10k) x vin
Vout =-2.2Vin

Circuit for -2.2 gain. Recording the V out and Vin from oscilloscope.
Vo=3.129V ,Vin=-1.4V

For gain=-1 Rf=10k and Rin=10k


V out= -1.859V Vin=1.854V
4.Note the particularly the phase relationship between the function
generation output (which is the amplifier input) and amplifier output.
Compare your measurements to those predicted by equation in Vo=Rf/Ri
Vin?
Here Rf=10k and Rin=10k and Vin =1V
Vo=-Rf/Rin x Vin
=-1x1
Vo =-1V

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