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LDCE Notes/Notes For LDCE-LGS/13

This document discusses various types of engineering surveys conducted before railway construction, including reconnaissance, preliminary, and final location surveys. Reconnaissance surveys are rough initial investigations to determine feasibility and costs using basic instruments. Preliminary surveys provide more detailed examinations of selected routes. Final location surveys are undertaken after traffic surveys. They precisely mark out the chosen alignment, including stations, bridges, and curves. Surveys are made to prepare plans, sections, and designs. Final location surveys involve staking out the center line, longitudinal and transverse leveling, plane table surveys within 100m of the line, rivers requiring bridges, and station sites. Alignment details like curves, gradients and vertical curves are also fixed.

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188 views

LDCE Notes/Notes For LDCE-LGS/13

This document discusses various types of engineering surveys conducted before railway construction, including reconnaissance, preliminary, and final location surveys. Reconnaissance surveys are rough initial investigations to determine feasibility and costs using basic instruments. Preliminary surveys provide more detailed examinations of selected routes. Final location surveys are undertaken after traffic surveys. They precisely mark out the chosen alignment, including stations, bridges, and curves. Surveys are made to prepare plans, sections, and designs. Final location surveys involve staking out the center line, longitudinal and transverse leveling, plane table surveys within 100m of the line, rivers requiring bridges, and station sites. Alignment details like curves, gradients and vertical curves are also fixed.

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R Sathish Kumar
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Part – II Professional Subject (Civil Engineering railway )

1. Survey & Construction

Q.1.- Write short notes on –


i. Reconnaisance Survey. [ LDCE 1992 ]
ii. Final Location Survey. [ LDCE 1992 ]
iii. Traffic Survey.
iv. Index plan & Section. [ LDCE 2012 ]

Ans.- Reconnaisance Survey –


This item should apply to all rough and rapid investigations of an area with a view to
determine the technical feasibility and approximate cost of one or more routes for a
projected railway line from a general and some what hazy examination with a help of
countered survey of India maps and other available material with out a more case for
investigation in the field and with a use of only those instruments that will rapidly give
approximate distance and heights such as prismatic compass hand levels etc.

Final Location Survey –


A final Location Survey is under taken on the completion of traffic survey to select the
final rout of the line to be constructed, taking into consideration all the circumstances of
the case including the probable expenses to ensure that alignment selected final is most
economical. During the course of the survey the center line finally located should be
marked out by pegs at every 30 meters. Survey is made in connection with all the
bridges waterways curves and stations proposed to be built and their plans, sections and
designs are also prepared.

Traffic Survey. –
Traffic Survey is a detailed study of the traffic conditions of an area or Section with a
view to assessing the traffic prospects and the financial implications of new line projects,
restorations, other traffic facilities like gauge conversions schemes, doublings or major
line, capacity works.

Index plan & Section-


Index plan & section prepared after final location survey of project. It should be on
tracing cloth. Project sheet size is 840 x 1020 mm.
Index Plan- Show all towns, roads, canals, rivers, hills, boundaries states & districts
within a distance of 10 km on either side of the line. Proposed alignment and stations
should be shown in RED. Draw plan above section.
Index Section- Show formation level by RED line, indicate height of formation above
mean sea level, gradients, position of important bridges, level crossing & their clause
with km from fix point.

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Q.2.- What are the different types of Engineering surveys under taken before
construction of a new line/ Explain their scope and significance. [LGS 1998 ]
Ans.- Different types of Engineering surveys –
Reconnaissance Survey – see in Q. 1
Preliminary survey –

Survey & Construction 1


A detailed instrumental examination of the rout or routes selected as a result of
Reconnaissance Survey in order to obtain a close estimate of the line is called
preliminary survey. It includes compass traverse along one or more routes longitudinal
and transverse levels are taken at required locations. Alignment need not be fully staked
out with theodolite. Stone pillars or permanent mark are provided on ground.
Final Location Survey - see in Q. 1

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Q.3.- What is final location survey and what details are to be covered for FLS of a new
line project. [ LGS 2003 ]

Ans.- Final Location Survey – see in Q. 1


Details covered for FLS of a new line project.-
Preliminary Investigation - In the case of construction of new lines a preliminary
investigation should be undertaken by the Railway Administration.
Terms of reference - The project Investigator should be supplied by the Railway
Administration with terms of reference, and should indicate the category of line.
Categories of Lines - Broad Gauge lines on Indian Railways are classified into various
categories indicated below, on the basis of future maximum permissible speed.
Scope of Survey Operations. -
(1) Staking out of the centre line;
(2) Levelling along with the centre line, with transverse levels where necessary and
cross sections of important rivers;
(3) Plane Table Survey of a Strip of country 100 meters on each side of the centre
line;
(4) Plane Table Survey of rivers requiring a provision of a water way of 1.10 sq. mts.
or upwards;
(5) Plane Table Survey of Station sites.
Alignment - In fixing the alignment of railway line such as Position of curves, Degree of
Curvature, Transition Curves, Gradients, Vertical Curves etc.

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Survey & Construction 2

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