MOLAR MASS

From the previous lesson, you knew that a mole is aSI unit tomeasure the amount of a
substance. For different substances, one mole always contains 6.02 x 10 23 particles and has different
masses. Refer to the given table below for the examples.

SUBSTANCE CHEMICAL NUMBER OF MOLAR MASS

FORMULA PARTICLES (g/mole)
Sodium chloride NaCl 6.02 x 1023 58.45
( Table salt)
Water H2 O 6.02 x 1023 18.00

Activity 1
Consider a part of the Periodic Table below. Try to locate the elements and identify their
atomic mass and complete the given table below.

H He
1.0
0
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.9 9.01 10. 12. 14. 16. 19. 20.1
4 81 01 00 00 00 8
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22. 9.01 26. 28. 30. 32. 35. 39.9
98 98 08 97 06 45 5
K Ca S Ti V Cr M F Co Ni C Z Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39. 40.0 c n e u n
10 8

NAME SYMBOL MASS (g)

Example: Boron B 10.81
1. Carbon C
2. Sodium Na
3. Potassium K

What Is It
It would be helpful in teaching this topic if you going to unlock difficulties through the
definition of some terminologies such as atomic mass and molar mass.

Atomic and Molecular Mass

The atomic mass of an element is the mass of one atom of the element expressed in atomic
mass units (amu). It accounts for the abundance of the various isotopes of the element and assigns
an average value to the mass of one atom of the element.For example, the atomic mass of carbon is
12.011 atomic mass units since carbon samples generally contain 98.89% of the carbon-12 isotope,
1.11% of carbon-13, and trace amounts of carbon-14. However, the atomic masses of these isotopes
are different.
 The atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom is 12 atomic mass units, but that of a carbon-13 atom is
13 amu. The atomic mass of an element is roughly equal to the sum of all the protons and neutrons
present in its nucleus.
The molecular mass of an element is the sum of the atomic masses of all its constituent
elements. This quantity is also represented in terms of atomic mass units. Therefore, the molecular
mass of water is equal to the sum of the atomic masses of its constituents – hydrogen and oxygen.
The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00794 amu and that of oxygen is 15.9994. Since water molecules
contain 2 hydrogen atoms and only one oxygen atom, the molecular mass of H 2O is 18.0154 amu.

Molar Mass
The molar mass of a substance is defined as the total mass of one mole of the substance. It is often
represented in terms of ‘grams per mole’ (g/mol). However, the SI unit of this quantity is kg/mol. Molar
mass can be represented by the following formula:

Molar mass of a Substance = (Mass of the Substance in grams)/(Number of Moles)

For example, the molar mass of water is approximately 18.015 g/mol, which is the mass of NA
number of water molecules.

Before we proceed, answer the following activity seriously using the given periodic table.

Practice 1:

Element name Mole Molar mass Grams (g)

23
Sodium 1 or 6.02 x 10
Hydrogen 1 or 6.02 x 10 23

Steps to follow to calculate for the molar mass:

1. Identify the elements in the

compound.

2. Determine the number of

atoms of each element.

3. Write the atomic mass of each

element.

4. Multiply the atomic mass with 5. Get the sum of the product in
the number of atoms. g/mole.

Activity:
This time you will calculate the molar mass of the compound. Fill-up the given table below. You
can use the periodic table as a reference.
 COMPOUND ELEMENT NO. OF ATOMIC MOLAR MASS
ATOMS MASS ( g/mole)
Example: NaCl Na 1 23.00 58.45
Cl 1 35.45
1.hydrogen
peroxide,H2 O2
2.Baking
soda,NaHCO3
3.Lime,CaO
4.Lye,NaOH

What I Have Learned

Complete the given table by applying the concepts you have learned.

SUBSTANC REPERESENTATIVE MOLAR No. of

E PARTICLE MASS(g/mole) moles
1.Silver ,Ag 107.87 1
2.Oxygen molecules
gas ,O2
3.Sulfur 64.06 2.0
dioxide, SO2

Activity:
Learner this is now your chance to show your skill in what you have learned in this lesson.

SUBSTANCE Representative Molar No. of No. of

particle mass(g/mole) moles particles
1.mercury(Hg) 1
2.nitrogen 1
gas(N2 )
3.sucrose(C12 2
H22 O11 )

Summary:

 The mole is defined as the number of atoms contained in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 (the
isotope ). There are 6.0221415 x 1023 particles in a mole. Remember, a mole is just a number
(like dozen) and you can have a mole of anything.
 The concept of a mole is based on Avogadro’s Hypothesis (equal volumes of all gases at the
same temperature and pressure contained the same number of molecules) and the number of
particles in a mole (6.0221415 x 1023) is commonly referred to as Avogadro’s number
(typically rounded to 6.02 x 1023 for most calculations).
 Because atomic masses, and the number of particles in a mole, are both based on the isotopic
atomic mass of the isotope carbon-12, the mass of any substance expressed in atomic mass
units is numerically equal to the molar mass of the substance in grams per mole. Thus, exactly
12 grams of carbon-12 contains exactly a mole of carbon atoms; likewise, 31.9988 grams of
O2 contains 6.02214 x 1023 oxygen molecules (note, six significant figures)
  To convert the number of moles of a substance into the mass of a substance, you simply need
to multiply (moles x molar mass).
 To convert the mass of a substance into the number of moles, you simply need to divide the
mass by the molar mass.
 To convert the number of moles of a substance into the number of particles of that substance,
you simply need to multiply (moles x Avogadro’s number).

 Summary:

 The mole is defined as the number of atoms contained in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 (the
isotope ). There are 6.0221415 x 1023 particles in a mole. Remember, a mole is just a number
(like dozen) and you can have a mole of anything.
 The concept of a mole is based on Avogadro’s Hypothesis (equal volumes of all gases at the
same temperature and pressure contained the same number of molecules) and the number of
particles in a mole (6.0221415 x 1023) is commonly referred to as Avogadro’s number
(typically rounded to 6.02 x 1023 for most calculations).
 Because atomic masses, and the number of particles in a mole, are both based on the isotopic
atomic mass of the isotope carbon-12, the mass of any substance expressed in atomic mass
units is numerically equal to the molar mass of the substance in grams per mole. Thus, exactly
12 grams of carbon-12 contains exactly a mole of carbon atoms; likewise, 31.9988 grams of
O2 contains 6.02214 x 1023 oxygen molecules (note, six significant figures)
 To convert the number of moles of a substance into the mass of a substance, you simply need
to multiply (moles x molar mass).
 To convert the mass of a substance into the number of moles, you simply need to divide the
mass by the molar mass.
 To convert the number of moles of a substance into the number of particles of that substance,
you simply need to multiply (moles x Avogadro’s number).

Quiz- 17 (Thursday)
Find the molar masses of the following compounds:

1) LiI _________________________

2) PbCO4 _________________________

3) Mg(OH)2 _________________________

4) K3PO4 _________________________

5) (NH4)3PO4 _________________________

6) C6H12O6 _________________________

7) Fe2(SO4)3 _________________________

8) Na3P _________________________

9) AgF _________________________

10) NH4C2H3O2 _________________________