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BIO 2311 Lab Test 4 Study Guide Fall 2020

This study guide covers four topics for the BIO 2311 Lab Test #4: [1] gross anatomy of the muscular system, including identifying muscles and describing muscle anatomy; [2] microscopic anatomy and organization of skeletal muscle, such as labeling sarcomeres and describing muscle structure; [3] skeletal muscle physiology, including muscle contraction; and [4] histology of nervous tissue, such as identifying neuron types and describing synapse structure and function. The guide provides learning objectives for each topic to help students review key concepts to prepare for the test.

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Annabell Cheung
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123 views

BIO 2311 Lab Test 4 Study Guide Fall 2020

This study guide covers four topics for the BIO 2311 Lab Test #4: [1] gross anatomy of the muscular system, including identifying muscles and describing muscle anatomy; [2] microscopic anatomy and organization of skeletal muscle, such as labeling sarcomeres and describing muscle structure; [3] skeletal muscle physiology, including muscle contraction; and [4] histology of nervous tissue, such as identifying neuron types and describing synapse structure and function. The guide provides learning objectives for each topic to help students review key concepts to prepare for the test.

Uploaded by

Annabell Cheung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIO 2311 Lab Test #4 Study/Review Guide

On Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System


 Be able to identify the key superficial muscles listed in class
 Differentiate agonist from antagonist, origin from insertion
 Be able to enumerate the criteria for naming skeletal muscles and the example muscles

On Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle:


 Be able to label the structure of a sarcomere
 Know the hierarchical structures in a skeletal muscle, the connective tissue encircling them (where
applicable): whole muscle → muscle fascicles → muscle fibers → myofibrils → sarcomeres
 Know that epimysium surrounds the skeletal muscle, perimysium surrounds muscle fascicles and
endomysium surrounds muscle fibers; know the structures that you will see in a transverse section of
skeletal muscle.
 Know that each myofibril is a long cylinder of sarcomeres joined end to end
 Understand the sliding filament theory of contraction, the components of a sarcomere and which parts
change due to contraction: A band, I band etc.
 Know the structures at a neuromuscular junction

On Skeletal Muscle Physiology:


 Know what a single contraction of muscle is called, and the 3 phases: latent, contraction, and relaxation
 Be able to differentiate treppe, incomplete tetanus and complete tetanus

On Histology of Nervous Tissue:


 Be able to differentiate (based on structure) the 3 neuron types, that is, be able to differentiate unipolar,
bipolar and multipolar neurons based on the number of processes extending from the cell body
 Be able to label the structure of a multipolar neuron
 Be able to differentiate unmyelinated from myelinated axon and the propagation of action potential along
each respective type is continuous and saltatory
 Know that a nerve is a bundle of neuron fibers (axons)
 Know the parts of a typical neuron: dendrite, cell body, axon
 Note that motor neurons in the CNS are of the multipolar type
 Know the types of neuroglia: astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann
cells
 Know and be able to label the structure of a chemical synapse: the synaptic knob of the pre-synaptic cell,
synaptic vesicles and what they contain, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane.
 Know the mechanism of impulse transmission at a synapse
 Be able to differentiate between sensory, association and motor neuron; know that the sensory/ ascending/
afferent is the link between receptors and the CNS/, and the motor/ descending/ efferent is the link between
CNS and effectors.

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