COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

BAIS CITY CAMPUS 2

ED 203

FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED

TEACHING

(T-TH 2:00-4:30 PM)

GROUP 7

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

I. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING

II. STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENTS

SUBMITTED BY:

SILANGON, IRENE M.

SULIGAN, REAH LEN A.

TINGHIL, JERICHO

TOMAS, SUNNY K.

BSED-II SOCIAL STUDIES

SUBMITTED TO:

MA’AM MA. CYNTHIA T. MATAS

PROFESSOR
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

I. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING

II. STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENTS

DEFINITIONS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

• Individual differences are found in all psychological

characteristics physical mental abilities, knowledge, habit,
personality and character traits.

Woodworth,R.S.and Marquis, D.G

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
 We, in spite of belonging to a common species known as human
beings, have our own individuality which contributes towards
the variation and differences found in us.
 It is these differences that
are entitled as “individual
differences” in the languages
of sociology.

 The psychology of
individual differences is
concerned with the systematic study of intelligence and
 abilities associated with personality of learner, learning
styles and needs and interests of learner.

TYPES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

 Physical differences
 Differences in intelligence
 Differences in attitude
 Differences in achievement
 Differences in motor ability
 Differences in account of sex
 Racial differences
 Differences due to economic status
 Differences in interest
 Emotional differences
 Personality differences
 Differences due to nationality

PHYSICAL DIFFERENCES
 Shortness or tallness of stature, darkness or fairness of
complexion, fatness, thinness, or weakness are various physical
individual differences.

DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE
 There are differences in intelligence level among different
individuals. We can classify the individuals from super-normal
(above 120 I.Q) to idiots (from 0 to 50 I.Q) on the basis of their
intelligence level.

DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDE
  Individuals differ in their attitudes towards different people,
objects, institutions and authority.

DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT

 It has been found through achievement test that individuals

differ in their achievement abilities. These differences are very
much visible in reading, writing and in learning mathematics.

DIFFERENCES IN MOTOR ABILITY

 There are differences in motor ability. These differences are
visible at different ages. Some people can perform mechanical
tasks easily, while others even though they are at the same level,
feel much difficulty in performing these tasks.

DIFFERENCES ON ACCOUNT OF SEX

 The general results of all studies made point of the fact that the
differences between sexes are quite insignificant. In detail, the
exact measurements of intellectual abilities show a relatively
slight superiority of the women in receptively of memory, and
relatively slight superiority of men in control of movement and
in grasp of concrete mechanical situation.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES

 There are different kinds of racial differences. On the average

differences between the races, the mental age of a particular
individual cannot be calculated since this difference is based on
environment.

DIFFERENCES DUE TO ECONOMIC STATUS

  Differences in children's interest, tendencies and character are
caused by economic differences.

DIFFERENCES IN INTEREST
 Factors such as sex, family background level of development,
differences of race and nationality etc., cause differences in
interest.
EMOTIONAL DIFFERENCES
 Individual differ in their emotional reactions to a particular
situation. Some are irritable and aggressive and they get angry
very soon. There are others who are of peaceful nature and do
not get angry easily.

PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES
 There are differences in respect of personality. On the basis of
differences in personality, individuals have been classified into
many groups. Theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political,
and religious. JUNG classified people into three groups,
introverts, extroverts, and ambiverts.
DIFFERENCES DUE TO NATIONALITY
 Individuals of different nations differ in respect of physical and
mental differences, interest and personality etc., “Russians are
tall and stout” “Ceylonese are short and slim” “Germans have
no sense of humors “ and the like observations enter into our
common talk.

I. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING

 Some learn more easily and are able to make use of their
learning more comfortably than others.
 For some, one method of learning or memorizing is more
suitable, while for others a different method suits.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF INDIVIDUALS WHICH
AFFECTS ON LEARNING.
1. Socioeconomic status
2. Thinking/ learning styles
3. Exceptionalities

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
The millionaire's lifestyle differs from that of the middle income or
lower group.

THINKING/LEARNING STYLE

Some of you learn better by seeing something, others by just listening,

and still others by manipulating something.
EXCEPTIONALITIES

In class there maybe one who has difficulty in spoken language

comprehension or in seeing, hearing, etc.,.

WHAT IS YOUR
LEARNING STYLE?

STRATEGIES IN TEACHING
o Differentiate instruction
o Capitalize on learning styles
o Incorporate multiple intelligences into curriculum
 o Capitalize on students interest
o Involve students in educational goals
o Use computerized instruction
o Group students effectively
o Consider outside placement options

III. STANDARD ASSESSMENT

( STANDARD BASED-ASSESSMENT)

WHAT IS STANDARDS BASED ASSESSMENT?

An approach that compares students performance to the standards
rather than comparing them with other students.

(Dorothy Strater 2006)

 The measurement of students learning performance according to

predetermined educational content and performance standards.

(Sana Raflq 2008)

  The standards define the skills and knowledge context which
will need to be mastered by each student in a certain time frame.
 Assessment is aligned to the attainment of the standards through
the defined skills or competencies.

The key principles of effective assessment and the common

weaknesses of assessment systems are primarily concerned with…..

linkages between outcomes, the design of assessment

tasks,criteria, marking procedures and feedback.

ELEMENTS OF STANDARDIZED TESTING

1. It has a uniform procedure for administration, design, scoring,
and reporting.
2. It has a systematic procedure that through repeated
administration and ongoing research, demonstrate criterion and
construct validity.
3. It presuppose an accepted set of standards on which to base the
procedure(the most important one)

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY FROM INDIVIDUAL

DIFFERENCES, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN
LEARNING, STANDARD ASSESSMENT.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(IMPORTANCE)

Individual differences are the ways in which people differ from each
other. Every member of an organization has its own way of behavior.
It is important for managers or teachers to understand individual
differences because they influence the feelings, thought, and behavior
of employees or a students.

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING

(IMPORTANCE)

It is important for teachers to know variables such as physical

characteristics, intelligence, perception, gender, ability, learning
styles, which are individual differences of the learners. An effective
and productive learning teaching process can be planned by
considering these individual differences of the student.

STANDARD ASSESSMENT
(IMPORTANCE)

The purpose and importance of standard based assessment is to let

students know against which criteria you will judge their work, and
the standards attached to each of these criteria. It tells students what
performance is required and allows you to make comparisons between
students based on their achievement.

REFERENCES:

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/NJ_Jamali/individual-difference-
and-its-effects-on-learning
https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres/article/view/299

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/dominae24/standards-based-
assessment-67944923

PREPARED BY GROUP 7

Irene M. Silangon

Jericho Tinghil

Reah Len A. Suligan

Sunny K.Tomas

THE END