Patch tests

2016
Software Release Number: R2b
Date: 30. 03. 2016.
Tested by: InterCAD
Page number:
File name: PatchMcNeal_Rigid-T1.axs

Topic Rigid body motion

Analysis Non-linear static

Type
Geometry

Node x [m] y [m] Node x [m] y [m]

1 0 0 7 0 0,12
t= 1 mm 2 0,12 0 8 0 0,06
a = 240 mm
b = 120 mm 3 0,24 0 9 0,04 0,02
4 0,24 0,06 10 0,18 0,03
5 0,24 0,12 11 0,16 0,08
6 0,12 0,12 12 0,08 0,08
Loads Prescribed displacement:
φz = 1,0 radian at node 1
Boundary ex = ey = ez = φx = φy = 0 at node 1
Conditions
2
Material E = 100 kN / cm
3
Properties ρ = 1000 kg / m
ν = 0,25
Element Shell elements
types
Target Check displacements of node 3 and prove that all stresses are zero.
Results
Reference:
Richard H. MacNeal and Robert L. Harder, “A Proposed Standard Set of Problems
to Test Finite Element Accuracy”, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1, pp. 3-20,
1985.

Displacements of node 3 AxisVM Analytical error [%]

ex [mm] -110,327 -110,327 0,0
ey [mm] 201,953 201,953 0,0
φz [rad] 1,00000 1,00000 0,0
 ex [mm] ey [mm] φz [rad]

All the stresses are zero up to eleven digits.

Software Release Number: R2b
Date: 30. 03. 2016.
Tested by: InterCAD
Page number:
File name: PatchMacNeel_Membrane.axs

Topic Patch test – membrane plate

Analysis Linear static

Type
Geometry

Node x [m] y [m] Node x [m] y [m]

1 0 0 7 0 0,12
t= 1 mm 2 0,12 0 8 0 0,06
a = 240 mm
b = 120 mm 3 0,24 0 9 0,04 0,02
4 0,24 0,06 10 0,18 0,03
5 0,24 0,12 11 0,16 0,08
6 0,12 0,12 12 0,08 0,08

Loads Prescribed displacements:

ex = x + y/2 ey = y + x/2

Node ex [m] ey [m]

1 0 0
2 0,12 0,06
3 0,24 0,12
4 0,27 0,18
5 0,30 0,24
6 0,18 0,18
7 0,06 0,12
8 0,03 0,06

Boundary -
Conditions
 2
Material E = 100 kN / cm
3
Properties ρ = 1000 kg / m
ν = 0,25
Element Shell elements – 4 mesh cases
types

rectangular and triangular elements mixed

triangular elements only rectangular elements only

Target Determine forces and displacements of inner nodes.

Results
Reference:

Richard H. MacNeal and Robert L. Harder, “A Proposed Standard Set of Problems

to Test Finite Element Accuracy”, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1, pp. 3-20,
1985.

Forces

Node AxisVM results Analytical solution

in four mesh cases

nx ny nxy nx ny nxy
[kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]
9 1333,33 1333,33 400,00 1333,33 1333,33 400,00
10 1333,33 1333,33 400,00 1333,33 1333,33 400,00
11 1333,33 1333,33 400,00 1333,33 1333,33 400,00
12 1333,33 1333,33 400,00 1333,33 1333,33 400,00

Displacements

Node AxisVM results Analytical solutions

in four mesh cases
ex [m] ey [m] ex [m] ey [m]
9 0,05 0,04 0,05 0,04
10 0,195 0,12 0,195 0,12
11 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20
12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12

Calculated displacements and forces are the same in each mesh case as the results in
AxisVM.
Software Release Number: R2b
Date: 30. 03. 2016.
Tested by: InterCAD
Page number:
File name: PatchMacNeel_Bending plate.axs

Topic Constant curvature patch test – bending plate

Analysis Linear static

Type
Geometry

Node x [m] y [m] Node x [m] y [m]

1 0 0 7 0 0,12
t= 1 mm 2 0,12 0 8 0 0,06
a = 240 mm
b = 120 mm 3 0,24 0 9 0,04 0,02
4 0,24 0,06 10 0,18 0,03
5 0,24 0,12 11 0,16 0,08
6 0,12 0,12 12 0,08 0,08

Loads -
Boundary Prescribed displacements:
Conditions
Node ez [m] φx [rad] φy [rad]
1 0 0 0
2 0,0072 0,06 -0,12
3 0,0288 0,12 -0,24
4 0,0378 0,18 -0,27
5 0,0504 0,24 -0,30
6 0,0216 0,18 -0,18
7 0,0072 0,12 -0,06
8 0,0018 0,06 -0,03
 2
Material E = 100 kN / cm
3
Properties ρ = 1000 kg / m
ν = 0,25
Element Shell elements – 4 mesh cases:
types

rectangular and triangular elements mixed

triangular elements only rectangular elements only

Target Determine moments and displacements of inner nodes.

Results
Reference:

Richard H. MacNeal and Robert L. Harder, “A Proposed Standard Set of Problems

to Test Finite Element Accuracy”, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1, pp. 3-20,
1985.

Moments
Analytical solution at each inner node:
mx = my = - 0,1111 kNmm/m
mxy = - 0,0333 kNmm/m

Results in AxisVM:

mx [kNmm/m] my [kNmm/m]

mxy [kNmm/m]
Displacements

Analytical solution:

Node x [m] y [m] ez [m] φx [rad] φy [rad]

9 0,04 0,02 0,00140 0,0400 0,0500
10 0,18 0,03 0,01935 0,1200 0,1950
11 0,16 0,08 0,02240 0,1600 0,2000
12 0,08 0,08 0,00960 0,1200 0,1200

Results in AxisVM:

ez [m]

φx [m] φy [m]

Calculated displacements and moments are the same in each mesh case as the results in
AxisVM.
Software Release Number: R2b
Date: 30. 03. 2016.
Tested by: InterCAD
Page number:
File name: Cantilever.axs

Topic In-plane and out-of-plane shear and bending patch test of shell element

Analysis Linear static

Type
Geometry

length: h = 6,0 m
width: w = 0,20 m
depth: d = 0,10 m

Loads Unit forces on the free end of the beam, each as a different load case:
A unit force in y direction, distributed on the edge: 5 kN/m
A unit force in z direction, distributed on the edge: 5 kN/m
A unit moment about axis x
Boundary Left edge is clamped:
Conditions ex = e y = e z = φ x = φ y = φ z = 0
2
Material E = 1000 kN / cm
Properties ν = 0,30
Element Shell elements – 3 mesh cases:
types
mesh a.)
rectangular elements

mesh b.)
parallelogram + trapezoidal elements

mesh c.)
trapezoidal elements

Target Determine the displacements of the free end of the beam.

Results
Analytical solution:

Reference:
Richard H. MacNeal and Robert L. Harder, “A Proposed Standard Set of Problems
to Test Finite Element Accuracy”, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1, pp. 3-20,
1985.
ey = 0,1081 m
ez = 0,4321 m
φx = 0,03411 rad *
 Mesh
AxisVM results Analytical solution e [%]
case
a 108,087 -0,01
ey
b 108,015 108,1 -0,08
[mm]
c 105,716 -2,21
a 428,189 -0,91
ez
[mm] b 428,743 432,1 -0,78
c 427,531 -1,06
a 0,03012 -11,7
φx
b 0,03006 0,03411* -11,87
[rad]
c 0,03011 -11,73

* In our opinion, the φx rotation result for torsion is the following:

Mx
ϕx = ∫ dx = 0,03411 [rad]
GI x
Software Release Number: R2b
Date: 30. 03. 2016.
Tested by: InterCAD
Page number:
File name: Plate_Distorted elements.axs

Topic Shell element test

Analysis Linear static

Type
Geometry The analyzed rectangular plates are of 2*2 and 2*10 meters. Only one quarter of the
plates are modeled:

length: L1 = 2,0 m, L2 = 10,0 m

width: D1 = D2 = 2,0 m
depth: t1 = t2 = 0,01 m
2
Loads Case 1: Distributed load on the whole plate: 0,1 kN/m
Case 2: Point load in z direction in the center of the plate: 0,4 kN
(0,1 kN on the modeled quarter plate)
Boundary At the left and bottom edge of the modeled plate:
Conditions Case 1: clamped edge: ex = ey = ez = φx = φy = φz = 0
Case 2: simple support: ex = ey = ez = φz = 0
In each case - because only one quarter of the original plate is modeled – symmetry
conditions are applied to the symmetry lines.
2
Material E = 1747,2 kN / cm
Properties ν = 0,30
Element Shell elements:
types arrangement of orthogonal and distorted elements, with different mesh density:

Mesh 1. Mesh 5.

Mesh 2. Mesh 6.

Mesh 3. Mesh 7.

Mesh 4. Mesh 8.
Target Determine the deflection in z direction in the center of the plate.
Results
Reference:

Richard H. MacNeal and Robert L. Harder, “A Proposed Standard Set of Problems

to Test Finite Element Accuracy”, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1, pp. 3-20,
1985.

Analytic results ez deflection [mm]

Distributed load Concentrated load
b/a=1 b/a=5 b/a=1 b/a=5
Clamped support 1,26 2,56 5,60 7,23
Simple support 4,06 12,97 11,60 16,96

Results in AxisVM

Clamped support ez deflection [mm]

Distributed load Concentrated load
b/a=1 b/a=5 b/a=1 b/a=5
Analytic results 1,26 2,56 5,60 7,23
1 1,24 2,62 5,40 6,31

Mesh 2 1,26 2,61 5,57 7,07

cases 3 1,27 2,60 5,61 7,10
4 1,27 2,61 5,62 7,24
Error of last row 0,8% 1,9% 0,4% 0,1%

Simple support ez deflection [mm]

Distributed load Concentrated load
b/a=1 b/a=5 b/a=1 b/a=5
Analytic results 4,06 12,97 11,60 16,96
1 4,17 12,97 16,78 16,78

Mesh 2 4,09 12,30 16,33 16,33

cases 3 4,08 12,97 16,88 16,88
4 4,08 12,97 16,97 16,97
Error of last row 0,5% 0% 0,3% 0,1%
 Clamped support ez deflection [mm]
distorted elements Distributed load Concentrated load
b/a=1 b/a=5 b/a=1 b/a=5
Analytic results 1,26 2,56 5,60 7,23
5 1,00 3,03 3,95 2,50

Mesh 6 1,16 2,57 5,07 5,47

cases 7 1,25 2,60 5,51 5,81
8 1,26 2,60 5,60 6,59
Error of last row 0% 1,5% 0% 9,7%

Simple support ez deflection [mm]

distorted elements
Distributed load Concentrated load
b/a=1 b/a=5 b/a=1 b/a=5
Analytic results 4,06 12,97 11,60 16,96
5 3,95 14,25 10,93 12,40

Mesh 6 4,07 12,95 11,36 13,83

cases 7 4,08 12,98 11,58 14,79
8 4,08 12,97 11,63 16,15
Error of last row 0,5% 0% 0,3% 4,8%