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Fma3602 Fi Concession Examination 2020

This document contains a 5 question exam on hydraulic machines with a total of 100 marks. It includes concepts related to Pelton wheels, Francis turbines, axial flow turbines, and centrifugal pumps. For each question, students are asked to calculate various parameters like hydraulic power, rotational speed, flow rate, efficiency, diameter, and power required. It also includes a formula sheet with 19 relevant equations related to hydraulic machines.

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Shadreck Ndlovu
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59 views3 pages

Fma3602 Fi Concession Examination 2020

This document contains a 5 question exam on hydraulic machines with a total of 100 marks. It includes concepts related to Pelton wheels, Francis turbines, axial flow turbines, and centrifugal pumps. For each question, students are asked to calculate various parameters like hydraulic power, rotational speed, flow rate, efficiency, diameter, and power required. It also includes a formula sheet with 19 relevant equations related to hydraulic machines.

Uploaded by

Shadreck Ndlovu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDRAULIC MACHINES III (FMA3602)

FI CONCESSION EXAMINATION 2020


Duration: 3 Hours Total Marks:100
Examiner: Ms Mlangeni PH
Instructions:
1. This paper consists of 2 pages + 1 formula sheet.
2. Answer all questions
3. Non-programmable pocket calculator may be used
4. Closed book examination
Note: If you are of the opinion that insufficient information has been supplied to solve a problem,
make a realistic assumption, motivate it and the solve the problem,

Question 1 [20 Marks]


A Pelton wheel installation uses a water jet of 75 mm diameter to drive a wheel with the
buckets on a diameter of 0.9 m. The deflection angle of the buckets is 160°. The relative
velocity of the water is reduced by 12% while moving across the buckets. The rotational speed
is 320rpm, the total pressure behind the nozzle is 0.7MPa and the velocity coefficient of the
nozzle is 0.98. Determine,

1.1. The hydraulic power developed by the wheel,


1.2. The hydraulic efficiency of the wheel and,
1.3. The overall efficiency of the turbine if the mechanical efficiency of the wheel is 96%.

Question 2 [20 Marks]


The total pressure head in the spiral casing of a Francis turbine is 50 m. The inner and outer
diameters of the rotor are 300 mm and 500 mm respectively, the rotor is 75 mm wide at the
inlet, the rotor inlet angles are 90° in relation to the guide vanes and the exit angle of the guide
vanes is 25°. Water leaves the rotor blades radially at the same height as that of the incoming
water. The velocity of flow through the rotor is constant. The rotor blades take up 8% of the
circumference. Take the losses in the guide vanes as 1.2 m and in the rotor 1.8 m of water
and the pressure at the exit of the rotor as atmospheric. Calculate,

2.1. the rotational speed of the rotor,

2.2. the exit angle of the rotor blades,

2.3. the power transferred to the rotor,

2.4. the pressure at the inlet to the rotor,

2.5. the flow rate.

1
Question 3 [20 Marks]
An axial flow turbine with fixed with guide vanes upstream of the rotor has an outer diameter
of 1.44 m and hub diameter of 0.6 m. The rotational speed is 150 rpm, the water enters the
rotor at mean diameter at an angle of 40° and the inlet angle of the rotor blades of 30°, both
angles measured from the direction of movement of the rotor blades. The water flows as a
free vortex upstream of the rotor. Determine,

3.1. the volumetric flow rate,

3.2. the exit angle of the rotor for the water to leave the rotor axially,

3.3. the hydraulic power transferred.

Question 4 [20 Marks]

A centrifugal pump rotates at 1200 rpm and discharges 80 l/s at a manometric head of 22m.
The inlet velocity is radial and the velocity of flow is constant at 3.4 m/s. The velocity in the
discharge pipe is 2.55 m/s. The diffuser has an efficiency of 70%. The exit diameter of the
impeller is double that of the inlet diameter and the width of the impeller at the exit is 10% of
the outer diameter of the impeller. Determine the,

4.1. diameter and the width of the impeller at the inlet and exit, as well as the

4.2. inlet and exit angles of the impeller and the diffuser inlet angle. Ignore losses in the
impeller.

Question 5 [20 Marks]

The suction and discharge pipes of a centrifugal pump installation both have diameters of 125
mm. The suction head is 1.5 m and the delivery head 40 m. The pressure head losses in the
suction pipe can be taken as 2 m and on the delivery side as 8m. Assume the velocity head
in the discharge pipe is 2 m. The manometric efficiency of the pump can be taken as 78% and
the overall efficiency of the pump as 69%. The impeller diameter at exit is 310 mm and the
width is 16mm and the exit angle is 35°. The pump rotates at 1850rpm. Determine

5.1. the flow rate of water and,

5.2. the power required to drive the pump

Total:100

2
Formula Sheet
0,5
P
 

8. n s =  1, 25
1. P = Q (V1 − u ) [1 + nCos(180 −  )] u (gH )

2 (V1 − u ) [1 + nCos(180 −  )] u Q 0,5


2.  hidrwheel = 9. n s =
(gH )0,75
2
V1

3.  m =  vm mm 10. P = pQ

Vm nm 2 rT
4.  vm = 11.  mm =
Q pmVm

2 r nmT ( a + b) 0, 6
5.  m = 12. Dq = 1,265
pQ ( a + b) 0, 2

NP 1 / 2 13. 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉
6. N s =
H 5/ 4
60𝑓
14. 𝑁 = where f is the frequency and p the
𝑝
NQ 1 / 2
7. N s = number of poles
H 3/ 4 𝐹
15. 𝑃 =
𝐴

16. 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔
17. 𝑉 = 𝐴 × 𝑆 (where V is the volume, A is the
piston area and S is the stroke length)
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
18. 𝑣𝑟 =
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡

19. 𝐹 = 𝜂𝑚 𝑃𝐴

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