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Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562 www.materialstoday.com/proceedings

ICMPC 2017

Stress Analysis And Design Optimization Of A Pressure

Vessel Using Ansys Package
B. Siva kumara*, P. Prasannab, J. Sushmac, K.P. Srikanthd
a*,c,d
Assistant Professors, Department of Mechanical Engineeirng, VNR vignana jyothi institute of engineering &
technology(autonomous), Hyderabad - 500090, Telangana, India
b
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineeirng, JNTUH College of Engineering (Autonomous), Hyderabad -
500085,Telangana, India

Abstract

The pressure vessels are closed containers used to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different
from the ambient pressure. The pressure inside the vessel is different and may changes by the conditions. The
vessels are too dangerous and fatal accidents have occurred in the history of pressure vessel development and
operation. Accordingly vessel design, manufacture, and operation are regulated by engineering authorities
backed by legislation.
The main objective of this paper is to design and analysis of pressure vessel. While designing various
parameters of Pressure Vessel checked and designed according to the principles specified in American Society
of Mechanical Engineers [1] (A.S.M.E) Sec VIII Division 1.
The stress development in the pressure wall critical points are analyzed by using Ansys 15 and an optimized
model is modelled to overcome the stresses produced in the vessel. For designing we used Pro-E Creo. Both
model parts are [2] designed and analyzed individually with ASME three different materials with the results
the best suitable material with good design is developed.

© 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of 7th International Conference of Materials Processing and
Characterization

Keywords: ASME, Ansys, Creo, head, Pressure vessel and shell ;

1. Introduction
Pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure. The fluid being stored may undergo a
change of state inside the pressure vessel as in case of steam boilers or it may combine with other
reagents as in a chemical plant. The pressure vessels are designed with great care because rupture
of pressure vessels means an explosion which may cause loss of life and property. The material of
pressure vessels may be brittle such that cast iron or ductile such as mild steel. Cylindrical or
spherical pressure vessels are commonly used in industry to carry both liquids and gases under
pressure. When the pressure vessel is exposed to this pressure, the material comprising the vessel is
subjected to pressure loading, and hence stresses, from all directions. The normal stresses resulting
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected]

2214-7853© 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of 7th International Conference of Materials Processing and
Characterization.
4552 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562

from this pressure are functions of the radius of the element under consideration, the shape of the
pressure vessel as well as the applied pressure.
1.1 Amine pressure vessel
Amine gas treating also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to
a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to
simply asamines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from gases. It is a
common unit process used in refineries, and is also used in petrochemical plants, natural gas
processing plants and other industries.

Processes within oil refineries or chemical processing plants that remove hydrogen sulfide are
referred to as "sweetening" processes because the odor of the processed products is improved by
the absence of hydrogen sulfide. An alternative to the use of amines involves membrane
technology. However, membrane separation is less attractive due to the relatively high capital and
operating costs as well as other technical factors.
Many different amines are used in gas treating:
• Diethanolamine (DEA)
• Monoethanolamine (MEA)
• Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)
• Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)
• Aminoethoxyethanol (Diglycolamine) (DGA)
The most commonly used amines in industrial plants are the alkanolamines DEA, MEA, and
MDEA shown in figure 1.1. These amines are also used in many oil refineries to remove sour
gases from liquid hydrocarbons such as liquified petroleum gas (LPG).

Fig 1.1 Amine pressure vessel

1.2 Component of pressure vessel
There are three main Type are given below
1. Shell
2. Head
3. Nozzle
 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562 4553

2. Design criteria [4]:

2.1 Factors influencing the design
Regardless of the nature of application of the vessels, a number of factors usually must be
considered in designing the unit. The most important consideration often is the selection of the type
of vessel that performs the required services in the most satisfactory manner. In developing the
design, a number of other criteria must be considered such as the properties of material used, the
induced stresses, the elastic stability, and the aesthetic appearance of the unit. The cost of fabricated
vessel is also important in relation to its service and useful life [3].

2.2 Design of pressure vessels to code specification

[10] American, Indian, British, Japanese, German and many other codes are available for design of
pressure vessels. However the internationally accepted for design of pressure vessel code is
American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME). Various codes governing the procedures
for the design, fabrication, inspection, testing and operation of pressure vessels have been
developed; partly as safety measure. These procedures furnish standards by which, any state can be
assured of the safety of pressure vessels installed within its boundaries. The code used for unfired
pressure vessels is Section VIII of the ASME boiler and pressure vessel code. It is usually
necessary that the pressure vessel equipment be designed to a specific code in order to obtain
insurance on the plant in which the vessel is to be used. Regardless of the method of design,
pressure vessels within the limits of the ASME code specification are usually checked against these
specifications [5].

2.3 Input data [7]

• Material: SA516 Gr60
• Max Allowable Stress, S 118 MPa
• Design Pressure, P =3.434 Mpa
• Design Temperature, T =343 K
• Ellipsoidal top head is selected. [8] (According to UG 31 of ASME Section VIII Div 1)
[11] As per ASME standard calculations the output dimensions of the pressure vessels are shown in
following figures 2.3.1 to 2.3.5.

Fig 2.3.1 Top head and bottom head of pressure vessel Fig 2.3.2 Top shell of pressure vessel
4554 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562

Fig 2.3.3 Bottom shell of pressure vessel Fig 2.3.4 Skirt model of pressure vessel

Fig 2.3.5 Pressure vessel model

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3. Modelling by using pro-e creo [12]:

3.1 Actual pressure vessel individual parts modelling are shown in following figures 3.1.1 to 3.1.4.

3.1.1 Top head 3.1.2 Bottom head

3.1.3 Top shell 3.1.4 Bottom shell

3.2 Reinforced pressure vessel parts modelling shown in following figures 3.2.1 to 3.2.4.

3.2.1 Top head 3.2.2 Bottom head

3.2.3 Top shell 3.2.4 Bottom shell

4556 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562

4. Results and discussion [9]:

4.1 Model: Bottom head
The [6] stress distribution in the bottom head of the pressure are observed in the following figures
4.1.1 to 4.1.3
4.1.1 Material: SA516GR60

4.1.1(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.1.1(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.1.2 Material: SA516GR70

4.1.2(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.1.2(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.1.3 Material: SA516GR65

4.1.3(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.1.3(b) Reinforced model stress intensity
 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562 4557

4.2 Model: Top head

The stress distribution in the top head of the pressure are observed in the following figures 4.2.1 to

4.2.1Material: SA516GR60

4.2.1(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.2.1(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.2.2 Material: SA516GR70

4.2.2(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.2.2(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.2.3 Material: SA516GR65

4.2.3(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.2.3(b) Reinforced model stress intensity
4558 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562

4.3 Model: Top shell

The stress distribution in the top shell of the pressure are observed in the following figures 4.3.1 to
4.3.3
4.3.1Material: SA516GR60

4.3.1(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.3.1(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.3.2 Material: SA516GR70

4.3.2(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.3.2(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.3.3 MATERIAL: SA516GR65

4.3.3(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.3.3(b) Reinforced model stress intensity
 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562 4559

4.4 Model: Bottom shell

The stress distribution in the bottom shell of the pressure are observed in the following figures 4.4.1
to 4.4.3

4.4.1 Material: SA516GR60

4.4.1(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.4.1(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.4.2 Material: SA516GR70

4.4.2(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.4.2(b) Reinforced model stress intensity

4.4.3 MATERIAL: SA516GR65

4.4.3(a) Actual model stress intensity 4.4.3(b) Reinforced model stress intensity
4560 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562

5. Summary of results

The overall stress distribution in all the parts are tabulated in the following tables 5.1 to 5.4

Table 5.1 Top head results

S.NO Materials Stress intensity
Actual model Reinforced model
1 SA516GR60 236.349 203.546
2 SA516GR70 235.91 203.074
3 SA516GR65 235.521 202.673

Table 5.2 Bottom head

S.NO Materials Stress intensity

Actual model Reinforced model

1 SA516GR60 190.197 182.521

2 SA516GR70 190.136 182.117

3 SA516GR65 190.15 181.65

Table 5.3 Top shell

S.NO Materials Stress intensity
Actual model Reinforced model
1 SA516GR60 344.985 232.579
2 SA516GR70 344.582 232.45
3 SA516GR65 344.026 232.137
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Table 5.4 Bottom shell

S.NO Materials Stress intensity
Actual model Reinforced model
1 SA516GR60 1688.09 1108.74
2 SA516GR70 1684.47 1108.18
3 SA516GR65 1679.99 1106.06

6. Conclusion

Designing the parts of the vessel as per the ASME is successful. The analysis is performed on both
model parts with three different materials and the results are compared.
By the results we observed that the stress and deformed values of the modified model is better than
the actual model because of the reduction of the stress values the life time of the vessel may
increase.
In the analysis part we used three materials as per the regulations of ASME in observation of results
SA516GR65 has the stress values less compared to all other materials by this we conclude that the
for pressure vessel design SA516GR65 may be used and with the small modifications in design the
life time of the pressure vessel may increases.

7. References

[1.] ASME CODE BOOK 2004.

[2.] John F.Henvey “Pressure Vessel Design -Nuclear and Chemical Applications” An East-west Edition, Newyork,

Chapter 5 and Chapter 7.

[3.] K. Linghaiah: Machine Design Handbook (Vol .1),

[4.] Fino, A.F., “Economic Considerations for High Pressure vessel Design” pp-101-104.

[5.] Harvey John.H: Pressure Vessel Design

[6.] Ansys Users Manual, Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc.1995.

[7.] Chuse Robert: Pressure Vessel ASME CODE Simplified

[8.] R.S.Khurmi and J.K.Gupta, “A Test Book of Machine Design” S.Chand publications.

[9.] R.W Nichole: Pressure Vessel Engineering Technology Siva Krishna Raparla1 ,T.Seshaiah2”

[10.] Design and analysis of multilayer high pressure vessels” IJERA, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2012, pp. 355-361.
4562 B. Siva kumar et al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 4551–4562

[11.] Vinod Kumar, Navin Kumar, Surjit Angra, Prince Sharma” Design of Saddle Support for Horizontal Pressure Vessel”

International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:8, No:12,

2014

[12.] M. Pradeep Kumar, 2K. Vanisree, 3Sindhuja Raj ”Design and Implementation of Circular Cross Sectional Pressure

Vessel Using Pro-E and Ansys” IJMER, Vol. 3, Issue. 4, Jul. - Aug. 2013 pp-2350-2355