ARYABHATA ASHRAM

CLASSROOM PROGRAMME FOR CIVIL SERVICES/IFoS MATHEMATICS OPTIONAL

FLUID DYNAMICS
TOP 90 QUESTIONS OF FLUID DYNAMICS
FOR MAINS MATHEMATICS OPTIONAL 2020
Note : ** questions are critically important and have the highest chances of
appearing in civil services mains 2020 .Doing these questions are sufficient to
score full marks in the examination.
This sheet is especially designed to cater to the needs and demands of the
candidates facing problem in fluid dynamics. It is an attempt to streamline the
preparation and help students score well in this topic. If you are facing
problem with regard to conceptual clarity of topic or finding difficulty in solving
problems , you can ask your doubts on our telegram channel :
https://t.me/arya0ashram or whatsapp number 8742913119.
Unit 1 :kinematics of fluids
𝑥
Q1)**.Find the streamlines and path lines of the two dimensional velocity field 𝑢 = 1+𝑡 , 𝑣 =
𝑦 ,𝑤 = 0 .

Q2)**. The velocity vector in the flow field is given by 𝑞⃗ = (𝑎𝑧 − 𝑏𝑦)𝑖̂ + (𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐𝑧)𝑗̂ + (𝑐𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥)𝑘̂

Where a , b, c are non zero constants. Determine the equation of vortex lines. [IFos 2017]
𝐴
Q3)**. Show that if the velocity potential of an irrotational fluid motion is 𝜙 = 𝜓 cos 𝜃 where
𝑟2

(𝑟, 𝜃 , 𝜓) are the spherical polar coordinates of any point , the lines of flow lie on the surface

𝑟 = 𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 , k being a constant.

Q4)**. At the point in an incompressible fluid having spherical polar coordinates 𝑟, 𝜃 , 𝜓) , the
velocity components are (2𝑀𝑟 −3 cos 𝜃 ,2𝑀𝑟 −2 sin 𝜃 , 0) where M is constant . show that velocity
is of potential kind . Find the velocity potential and the equation of streamlines.
2𝑥𝑦𝑧 (𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 )𝑧 𝑦
Q5)**. Define irrotational and rotational flow . Show that 𝑢 = − (𝑥 2 +𝑦2 )2 , 𝑣 = (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )2
, 𝑤 = 𝑥 2 +𝑦2
are the velocity components of a possible liquid motion. Examine this for irrotational motion.

Q6)**. Consider the flow field given by 𝜓 = 𝑎(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ), 𝑎 being a constant. Show that flow is
irrotational. Determine the velocity potential for this flow and show that the streamlines and
equivelocity potential curves are orthogonal.

Q7)**. If a , b ,c ,d ,e, f are arbitrary constants what type of fluid does the velocity

(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑐𝑧 , 𝑑 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑒𝑧 , 𝑓 + 𝑐𝑥 − 𝑒𝑦) represents ?

Q8)**. Show that 𝜙 = (𝑥 − 𝑡)(𝑦 − 𝑡) represent the velocity potential of an incompressible fluid.
Further show that the streamlines at time t are the curves (𝑥 − 𝑡)2 − (𝑦 − 𝑡)2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

.show that the path line of the fluid particle have the equations

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1
log(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 2 {(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦)−1 } + 𝑏

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
Q9)**. Determine the restriction on 𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 if 𝑓 (𝑡) + 𝑏2 𝑓2 (𝑡) + 𝑐 2 𝑓3 (𝑡)
𝑎2 1
= 1 is a possible
boundary surface of liquid.
(𝑥 𝑗̂ −𝑦𝑖̂)
Q10)**. Is 𝑞⃗ = 𝑘 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
a possess velocity vector of an incompressible fluid motion ? if so , find the
stream function and velocity potential of the motion.

Q11)**. Suppose 𝑣⃗ = (𝑥 − 4𝑦)𝑖̂ + (4𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑗̂ represent a velocity field of an incompressible and
irrotational flow. Find the stream function of the flow.
𝑥2 𝑦2
Q12)**. Prove that 𝑎2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡 + 𝑏2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑡 = 1 is a possible form for the bounding surface liquid and
find the velocity component
𝑥2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
Q13)**. Show that the ellipsoid 𝑎2 𝑘2 𝑡 2𝑛 + 𝑘𝑡 𝑛 [(𝑏 ) + (𝑐 ) ] = 1 is a possible form of boundary
surface of liquid.

Q14)**.In a steady fluid flow , the velocity component are 𝑢 = 2𝑘𝑥 , 𝑣 = 2𝑘𝑦 , 𝑤 = −4𝑘𝑧 . Find the
equation of streamline passing through (1,0,1)
1
Q15)**. Show that the velocity potential 𝛷 = 2 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 2 )satisfies the Laplace equation and
determine the stream lines
𝑧 𝑦
Q16)**. If the velocity potential of a fluid is 𝛷 = 𝑟3 tan−1 𝑥 ; 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 then show that
2⁄
stream lines lie on the surfaces 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑐(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 3 ; 𝑐 being constant.

Q17)**. For an incompressible fluid flow, two components of velocity (u ,v ,w) are given by

𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑧 2 , 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 .Determine the third component w so that they satisfy

equation of continuity. Also find the z component of acceleration. [IAS 2018]

Q18)**. If the velocity of an incompressible fluid at the point (x , y ,z ) is given by

3𝑥𝑧 3𝑦𝑧 3𝑧 2 −𝑟 2
( 𝑟5 , 𝑟5
, 𝑟5 ) , 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 .Then prove that the liquid motion is possible and that the
𝑧
velocity potential is 𝑟3
. Further determine the streamline.

Q19)**. For an incompressible homogeneous fluid at the point ( x ,y , z ) the velocity distribution is
𝑐 2𝑦 𝑐 2𝑥
given by 𝑢 = − 𝑟2
,𝑣 = 𝑟2
, 𝑤 = 0 where r denotes distance from Z-axis. Show that it is a possible
fluid motion and determine the surface which is orthogonal to stream lines.

Q20)**. Show that 𝛷 = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑟) is a possible form for the velocity potential for an incompressible
fluid motion. If the fluid velocity 𝑞 → 0 as 𝑟 → ∞, find the surface of constant speed.

Unit 2 : EULER’S EQUATION OF MOTION /BERNOULLI’S EQUATION

Q21).State the condition under which Euler’s equation of motion can be integrated. Show that
𝜕𝜙 𝑞2 𝑑𝑝
− 𝜕𝑡 + 2
+𝑉+∫ 𝜌
= 𝑓(𝑡) , where symbols have their usual meaning.

Q22)**. Air, obeying boyle’s law is in motion in a uniform tube of small section , prove that if 𝜌 be
the density and v be the velocity at a distance x from a fixed point at time t,

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𝜕2 𝜌 𝜕2 𝑝
𝜕𝑡 2
= 𝜕𝑥 2 {𝜌(𝑣 2 + 𝑘)} , where 𝑘 = 𝜌 [IFoS 2019]

Q23). Prove that the equation of motion of a homogeneous inviscid liquid moving under
𝜕𝑞⃗⃗ 𝑝 1
conservative force may be written as − 𝑞⃗ × 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑞⃗ = −𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 [ + 𝑞 2 + 𝛺 ⃗⃗] [IFoS 2009]
𝜕𝑡 𝜌 2

Q24)**. A sphere is at rest in an infinite mass of homogeneous liquid of density 𝜌, the pressure at
infinity being P. If the radius R of the sphere varies in such way that 𝑅 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 cos 𝑛𝑡 where 𝑏 < 𝑎 ,
then find the pressure at the surface of the sphere at any time . [IFoS 2016]

Q25)**. A sphere of radius a is surrounded by infinite liquid of density 𝜌 , the pressure at infinity
being Π .The sphere is suddenly annihilated. Show that pressure at a distance r from the centre
𝑎
immediately falls to Π(1 − 𝑟 ) [IFoS 2004, IAS 1996]

Q26)**. An infinite mass of fluid is acted by a force 𝜇𝑟 −3/2 per unit mass directed to the origin. If
initially the fluid is at rest and there is a cavity in the form of sphere 𝑟 = 𝑐 in it, show that cavity will
2 1/2 5/4
be filled up after an interval of time {5𝜇} 𝑐 . [IAS 2003 ,2009]

Q27)**. Liquid is contained between two parallel planes, the free surface is a circular cylinder of
radius 𝑎 whose axis is perpendicular to the planes. All the liquid within a concentric circular cylinder
of radius 𝑏 is suddenly annihilated. Prove that if 𝑃 be the pressure at the outer surface, the initial
log 𝑟−log 𝑏
pressure at any point of the liquid distance 𝑟 from the centre is 𝑃 [IAS 2006]
log 𝑎−log 𝑏

Q28). Show that the velocity field

𝐵(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 2𝐵𝑥𝑦
𝑢(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 2 2 2
; 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2 , 𝑤(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 0
(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2
satisfies the equation of motion for are invicid incompressible flow. Determine the pressure
associated with its velocity field. 𝐵 is a constant. [IFoS 2012]

Q29)**. The particle velocity for a fluid motion referred to rectangular axes is given by the
components
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑧 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑧
𝑢 = 𝐴 cos (2𝑎 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑎) , 𝑣 = 0 , 𝑤 = 𝐴 sin (2𝑎 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑎)

where 𝐴 , 𝑎 are constants. Show that this is possible motion of an incompressible fluid under no
body force in an infinite fixed rigid tube −𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 ,0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑎. Also, find the pressure associated
with this velocity field. [IAS 1994]

Q30)**. A quantity of liquid occupies a length 2𝑙 of a straight tube of uniform small bore under the
action of a force to a point in the tube varying as a distance from that point. Determine the motion
and pressure.

Q31)**. A mass of homogeneous liquid is moving so that the velocity at any point is proportional to
𝑝 1
the time , and that the pressure is given by 𝜌 = 𝜇𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 2 𝑡 2 (𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) prove that this
motion may have been generated from rest by infinite natural forces independent of time; show
that if the direction of motion at every point coincides with the direction of acting forces , each
particle of the liquid describes a curve which is the intersection of two hyperbolic cylinders.

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Q32)**. A pulse travelling along a fine straight uniform tube filled with gas causes the density at time
t and distance x from the origin where the velocity is 𝑢0 to become 𝜌0 𝜙(𝑣𝑡 − 𝑥). Prove that the
(𝑢0 −𝑣)𝜙(𝑣𝑡)
velocity u (at time t and distance x from the origin ) is given by 𝑣 + 𝜙(𝑣𝑡−𝑥)

Q33)**. stream in a horizontal pipe, after passing a contraction in the pipe at which its sectional
area is 𝐴 is delivered at atmosphere pressure at a place where the sectional area is 𝐵. Show that if a
side tube is connected with the pipe at the former place water will be sucked up through it into the
𝑠2 1 1
pipe from a reservoir at a depth 2𝑔 (𝐴2 − 𝐵2 ) below the pipe, s being the delivery per second. [IAS
1997]

Q34)**. A steady inviscid incompressible blow has a velocity field 𝑢 = 𝑓𝑥 , 𝑣 = −𝑓𝑦

And 𝑤 = 0, where 𝑓 is any constant. Derive an expression for the pressure field 𝑃(𝑥 , 𝑦, 𝑧), if the
pressure 𝑃(0 ,0,0) = 𝑃0 and . 𝑔⃗ = −𝑔 𝑘̂ [IAS2006]

Q35)**. A steam is rushing from a boiler through a conical pipe, the diameters of the ends of which
are D and 𝑑. If 𝑉 and 𝑣 be the corresponding velocities of the stream and if the motion is assumed to
𝑣 𝐷2 2 −𝑉 2 )/2𝐾
be steady and diverging from the vortex of the cone, then prove that 𝑉 = 𝑑2 𝑒 (𝑣

Where K is the pressure divided by the density and is constant.

Unit 3.1 : Motion in 2 dimension

Q36). For a two dimensional potential flow the velocity potential is given by 𝜙 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 +
1
(𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 ). Determine the velocity components along the directions 𝑥 and 𝑦. Also determine the
3
stream function 𝜓 and check whether 𝜙 represent a possible case of flow or not [IAS 2018]

Q37)**.Find the value of a and b in the 2 –D vector field 𝑣⃗ = (3𝑦 2 − 𝑎𝑥 2 )𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 𝑗̂ so that the flow
becomes incompressible and irrotational. Find the stream function of the flow. [IFoS 2013]

Q38)**.If q is the resultant velocity at any point of a fluid which is moving irrotationally in two
𝜕𝑞 2 𝜕𝑞 2
dimensions , prove that (𝜕𝑥) + (𝜕𝑦) = 𝑞∇2 𝑞
𝑥
Q39).Show that the streamlines associated with the flow whose velocity potential is 𝜙 = 𝐴 tan−1 𝑦
are circular.
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑐𝑦 2
Q40).The stream function for a two dimensional incompressible flow is 𝜓 = 2
+ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 − 2

Where a, b, c are known constants. Find the condition for the flow to be irrotational and thus find
the velocity potential for the flow.
1 (𝑥+𝑎)2 +𝑦 2
Q41)**. Given the velocity potential 𝜙 = 2 log[(𝑥−𝑎)2 +𝑦2 ] , Determine the stream lines and show
also that the curves of equal speed are the ovals of cassini given by 𝑟𝑟 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 [IAS 2014]

Q42). Find the lines of flow in the two dimensional fluid motion given by
1
𝜙 + 𝑖𝜓 = − 2 𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2 𝑒 2𝑖𝑛𝑡 . [IAS 1992]

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Q43). Show that velocity field given by 𝑢 = 2𝑐𝑥𝑦 , 𝑣 = 𝑐(𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) represent the velocity
vector of an incompressible fluid flow. Hence determine the stream function and discuss.

Q44)**. Let Γ be a closed curve in xy plane and let S denotes the region bounded by the curve Γ
𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕2 𝑤
. Let + = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)∀(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜖 𝑆 if f is prescribed at each point (x, y) of S and w is prescribed on
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
the boundary Γ of S , then prove that any solution 𝑤 = 𝑤(𝑥, 𝑦) satisfying these conditions is unique.

Q45). Find the condition that 𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝜆) = 0 should be a possible system of stream lines for steady
irrorational motion in two dimensions, where 𝜆 is a variable parameter [IFoS 2014]

Q46)**. A two dimensional flow field is given by 𝜓 = 𝑥𝑦 . show that i) the flow is irrorational

ii) 𝜓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜙 satisfy laplace equation. Symbols 𝜓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜙 convey the usual meaning. [IFoS 2010,
2006]

Q47). Discuss the flow whose complex velocity potential is given by 𝑧 = 𝑐 cos 𝜔 ; where c is a
constant.
𝜃
Q48)**. The velocity potential 𝜙1 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 and 𝜙2 = √𝑟 cos(2 ) are solutions of laplace
𝜃
equation. Prove that the velocity potential 𝜙3 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + √𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠( ) satisfies ∇2 𝜙3 = 0
2

Q49)**. If a homogeneous liquid is acted on by a repulsive force from the origin, the magnitude of
which at a distance 𝑟 from the origin is 𝜇𝑟 per unit mass, show that it is possible for the liquid to
move steadily without being constrained by any boundaries in the space between one branch of the
hyperbola 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 and the asymptotes and find the velocity potential.

Q50). Determine the condition for which the velocity vector 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 , 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 will
represent the flow of an incompressible fluid. Show that the streamlines of this motion are conic
sections in general and rectangular hyperbolas when the motion is irrotational.

Unit 3.2 : Sources and sink

Q51).In the region bounded by a fixed quadrilateral arc and its radii, deduce the motion due to a
source and an equal sink situated at the ends of the bounding radii. Show that streamlines leaving at
either end at angle 𝛼 with the radius is. 𝑟 2 sin(𝛼 + 𝜃) = 𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 − 𝜃) [IAS 1996]

Q52). A simple source of strength m is fixed at the origin O in a uniform stream of incompressible
𝑚
fluid moving with velocity U 𝑖⃗ . Show that velocity potential ∅ at any point P of the stream is 𝑟 −
𝑈𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, where 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑟 and 𝜃 is the angle which ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 makes with the direction 𝑖⃗ . Find the
differential equation of the streamlines and show that they lie on the surfaces 𝑈𝑟 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 −
2𝑚 cos 𝜃 = constant. [IAS 2016]
𝜋 𝜋
Q53)**. Between the fixed boundaries 𝜃 = 4 and 𝜃 = − 4 there is a 2 D liquid motion due to a
source of strength 𝑚 at the poin(𝑟 = 𝑎 , 𝜃 = 0) and an equal sink(𝑟 = 𝑏 , 𝜃 = 0) at the point. Show
𝑟 4 (𝑎 4 −𝑏4 ) sin 4𝜃
that the stream function is −𝑚 tan−1 { } and show that the velocity at (𝑟, 𝜃)
𝑟 8 −𝑟 4 (𝑎 4 +𝑏4 ) cos 4𝜃+𝑎 4 𝑏4
4𝑚(𝑎 4 −𝑏4 )𝑟 3
is (𝑟8 −2𝑎4 𝑟4 cos 4𝜃+𝑎8 )1/2 (𝑟 8 −2𝑏4 𝑟4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝜃+𝑏8 )1/2 . [IAS 98,94,91]

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Q54)**. If fluid fills the region of space on positive side of the x- axis, which is a rigid boundary and if
there be a source m at (0, a) and an equal sink at (0,b) and if the pressure on negative side be the
same as the pressure at infinity. Show that the resultant pressure on the boundary is
𝜋𝜌𝑚2 (𝑎−𝑏)2
.where 𝜌 is density of fluid. [IAS 2013]
{2𝑎𝑏(𝑎+𝑏)}

Q55)**. Use the method of images to prove that if there be a source m at point 𝑧0 in a fluid
𝜋 3
bounded by the lines 𝜃 = 0 and 𝜃 = 3 , the solution is 𝜙 + 𝑖𝜓 = −𝑚 log{(𝑧 3 − 𝑧0 3 )((𝑧 3 − 𝑧0 ′ )}
where 𝑧0 = 𝑥0 + 𝑖𝑦0 ; 𝑧 ′ = 𝑥0 − 𝑖𝑦0 [IAS 1997] [IFoS 2008]

Q56).Show that image system for a source outside the circle consists of an equal source at the
inversion point and equal sink at the centre of the circle. [IFoS 2004]

Q57)**. A source of strength m and a vortex of strength k are placed at origin of 2 D motion of
unbounded liquid. Prove that pressure at infinity exceed that pressure at distance r from origin
1 (𝑚2 +𝑘 2 )
− 𝜌 [IAS 1992]
2 𝑟2

Q58). A source and a sink of equal strength m are placed at the point (a ,0) , (-a ,0) within a fixed
circular boundary |𝑧| = 2𝑎 . Show that the streamlines are given by 16𝑎2 𝑦 2 + 𝜆𝑦(𝑟 2 − 4𝑎2 ) =
(𝑟 2 − 16𝑎2 )(𝑟 2 − 𝑎2 ). Where𝜆 is a constant and that the velocity at the point (2𝑎, 𝜃)
20 𝑚 sin 𝜃
Is 𝑎(17−8 cos 2𝜃) [IAS 1987]
𝜋 𝜋
Q59)**. Between the fixed boundaries 𝜃 = and 𝜃 = − there is a 2 D liquid motion due to a
6 6
source at the point (𝑟 = 𝑐 , 𝜃 = 𝛼) and a sink at the origin absorbing water at the same rate as the
source produces. Find the stream function and show that one of the stream lines is part of the curve
𝑟 3 sin 3𝛼 = 𝑐 3 sin 3𝜃
𝑎2
Q60). What arrangement of sources and sinks will give rise to the function 𝑤 = log (𝑧 − ).Prove
𝑧
that two of the stream lines subdivide into the circle 𝑟 = 𝑎 and the axis of Y.

Unit 4 :Axisymmetric Motion

Q61. A rigid sphere of radius a is placed in a stream of fluid whose velocity in the undisturbed state is
V. Determine the velocity of fluid at any point of the disturbed stream. [ IAS 2012]

Q62. A uniform stream flows past a stationary sphere of radius a. Find the velocity components and
streamlines equation of the sphere.

Q63)**. A solid sphere of radius a moves with constant velocity U in an unbounded fluid at rest.
Find the velocity components, and streamline equation. [IAS 1981]

Q64)** Consider a uniform flow U0 in the positive x-direction. A cylinder of radius a is located at the
origin. Find the stream function and the velocity potential. Find also the stagnation points. [IAS
2015]

Q65)**.with Usual notations , show that 𝜙 and 𝜓 for a uniform flow past a stationary cylinder are
𝑎2 𝑎2
given by : 𝜙 = 𝑈 cos 𝜃 (𝑟 + 𝑟
) ; 𝜓 = 𝑈 sin 𝜃 (𝑟 − 𝑟
) [IFos 2011]

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Q66)**.A circular cylinder of radius a is moving with velocity U along the x axis. Show that the
motion produced by the cylinder in a mass of fluid at rest is given by the complex function
𝑎2 𝑈
𝑤 = 𝜙 + 𝑖𝜓 = , where z=x+iy. Find the magnitude and direction of velocity in the fluid and
𝑧−𝑈𝑡
deduce that for a marked particle fluid , whose polar coordinates are (𝑟, 𝜃) referred to the centre of
1 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑈 𝑎2 𝑎2
cylinder as origin 𝑟 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑟2 (𝑟2 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 ) and sin 𝜃 (𝑟 − 𝑟
) =𝑏 [IFos 2008]

Q67)**. In an axisymmetric motion, show that stream function exists due to equation of continuity.
Express the velocity components in terms of the stream function. Find the equation satisfied by the
stream function if the flow is irrotational. [IAS 2015]

Q68). The space between two infinitely long coaxial cylinders of radii a and b (b>a ) respectively is
filled by a homogeneous fluid of density 𝜌 . The inner cylinder is suddenly moved with velocity 𝑉
perpendicular to this axis , the outer being kept fixed . Show that the resultant impulsive pressure
𝑏2 +𝑎2
On a length 𝑙 of inner cylinder is 𝜋𝜌𝑎2 𝑙 𝑉 𝑏2 −𝑎2 [IAS 2004]

Q69)**. The Space between two concentric spherical shells of radii a, b ( a < b ) is filled with a liquid
of density p. If the shells are set in motion, the inner one with velocity U in the x-direction and the
outer one with velocity V in the y-direction, then show that the initial motion of the liquid is given by
1 1
{𝑎 3 𝑈[1+ 𝑏3 𝑟 −3 ]𝑥−𝑏3 𝑉[1+ 𝑎 3 𝑟 −3 ]𝑦}
2 2
velocity potential ∅ = (𝑏3 −𝑎 3 )
where r2 = x2 + y2 + z2, the coordinates being
rectangular. Evaluate the velocity at any point of the liquid. [IAS 2016]

Q70). In the case of two dimensional motion of a liquid streaming past a fixed circular disc , the
velocity at infinity is 𝑢 in a fixed direction where 𝑢 is a variable. Show that the maximum value of
velocity at any point of the fluid is 2𝑢. Prove that the necessary pressure to hold the disc at rest is
2𝑚𝑢̇ where 𝑚 is the mass of liquid , displaced by the disc. [IFoS 2018]

Unit 5 : Vortex Motion

Q71).Prove that the necessary and sufficient condition that the vortex lines may be at right angles to
𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜓
the streamlines (𝑢 , 𝑣 , 𝑤) = 𝜇 ( , , ) where 𝜇 and 𝜓 are function of (𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧 , 𝑡)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
[IAS 2013]
2𝑥 2𝑦 2𝑧
Q72). Does a fluid with velocity 𝑞⃗ = [𝑧 − 𝑟
, 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 − 𝑟
,𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑟
]possess vorticity , where 𝑞⃗ (u
2 2 2 2
, v , w ) is the velocity in the Cartesian frame , 𝑟⃗ = (𝑥 , 𝑦, 𝑧) and 𝑟 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ? What is the
circulation in the circle𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9 , 𝑧 = 0 ? [IAS 2017]

Q73)**. An infinite row of equidistant rectilinear vortices are at a distance a apart. The vortices are
of the same strength k but are alternatively of opposite signs. Find the complex function that
determines the velocity potential and the stream function. [IAS 2011]

Q74). If n rectilinear vortices of the same strength k are symmetrically arranged as generators of a
circular cylinder of radius a in an infinite liquid. Prove that vortices will move round the cylinder
8𝜋2 𝑎 3
uniformly in time (𝑛−1)𝑘. Find the velocity at any point of the liquid. [IAS 2013]

Q75)**. When a pair of equal and opposite rectilinear vortices are situated in a long circular cylinder
at equal distance from its axis. Show that the path of each vortex is given by

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(𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 )(𝑟 2 − 𝑎2 )2 = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃, 𝜃 being measured from the line through the centre
perpendicular to the joint of the vortices . [IAS 2010]

Q76)** . In an incompressible fluid the vorticity at every point is constant in magnitude and
direction. Show that the components of velocity u , v, w are solutions of Laplace equation.

[ IAS 2010 ,2004]

Q77). In a 2 D flow the velocity components are 𝑢 = 𝐶𝑦 , 𝑣 = 0 where C is a constant). Find the
circulation about the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑎𝑦 = 0 situated in the flow.

Q78). An infinite long line vortex of strength m , parallel to the axis of 𝑧 , is situated in infinite liquid
bounded by a rigid wall in the plane 𝑦 = 0. Prove that , if there be no field of force , the surface of
equal pressure are given by {(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 } {(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 + 𝑏)2 } = 𝐶{𝑦 2 + 𝑏 2 −
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 } where (a , b ) are the coordinate of the vortex and is a parametric constant.

Q79)**. A vortex pair is situated within a cylinder. Show that it will remain at rest if the distance of
either from the centre is given by (√5 − 2)1/2 𝑎 where a is the radius of the cylinder.

Q80)**. Three parallel rectilinear vortices of the same strength 𝑘 and in the same sense meet any
plane perpendicular to them in an equilateral triangle of side a. Show that the vortices all move
4𝜋2 𝑎 2
round the same cylinder with uniform speed in time .
3𝑘

Q81). When an infinite liquid liquid contains two parallel and equal vortices of the same strength at
a distance 2𝑏 apart and the spin is in the same sense in both , show that the relative stream lines
𝑟2
are given by log(𝑟 4 + 𝑏 4 − 2𝑏 2 𝑟 2 cos 2𝜃) − 2𝑏2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

Unit 6 : Navier - Stoke Equation

Q82)**. Find Navier stoke equation for a steady laminar flow of a viscous incompressible fluid
between two infinite parallel plates [IAS 2014]

Q83). A thin plate of very large area is placed in a gap of height h with oils of viscosities 𝜇′ and 𝜇′′
on the two sides of the plate . The plate is pulled at a constant velocity V . Calculate the position of
the plate so that

i) the shear force on the two sides of the plate is equal.

ii) the force required to drag the plate is minimum. [ends effects are neglected] [IAS 2007]
𝜕 𝜕(𝜓 ,𝛻2 𝜓)
Q84). Prove that (𝑣∇2 − 𝜕𝑡 ) ∇2 𝜓 = 𝜕(𝑥 ,𝑦)
where v is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid and 𝜓 is
the stream function for a two dimensional motion of a viscous fluid. [IAS 2002]

Q85)**.Show that the velocity distribution in axial flow of viscous incompressible fluid along a pipe
2
1 𝑑𝑝 2 𝑟2 2 −𝑟1 𝑟
of annular cross section ,radii 𝑟1 < 𝑟2 is given by 𝑤(𝑟) = {𝑟 − 𝑟1 2 + 𝑟 log ( )}
4𝜇 𝑑𝑧 log( 2⁄𝑟1 ) 𝑟1

[IAS 2001]

Q86)**. Consider that the region 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ ℎ between the planes 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = ℎ is filled with
viscous incompressible fluid . The plane 𝑧 = 0 is held at rest and the plane 𝑧 = ℎ moves with
constant velocity 𝑉𝑗̂ . when the conditions are steady , assuming there is no slip between the fluid
and either boundary ,and neglecting body forces , show that the velocity profile between the plates

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are parabolic. Find the tangential stress at any point 𝑃(𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) of the fluid and determine the drag
per unit area on the both planes . [IFos 2019 , 2000]

Q87)**. Prove that the vorticity vector ⃗Ω

⃗⃗ of an incompressible viscous fluid moving in the absence
⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝛺
of external force satisfies the differential equation ⃗⃗. ⃗∇⃗)𝑞⃗ + 𝑣∇2 𝛺
= (𝛺 ⃗⃗ where 𝑞⃗ is the velocity
𝐷𝑡
⃗⃗ = ⃗∇⃗ × 𝑞⃗
vector with 𝛺 where 𝑣 is Kinematic viscosity [IFos 2014]

Q88) **.For a steady Poiseuille flow through a tube of uniform circular cross section , show that
1 𝑝
𝑤(𝑅) = ( ) (𝑎2 − 𝑅 2 ) [IFos 2011]
4 𝜇

Q89). Show that for an incompressible steady flow with constant viscosity , the velocity components
𝑈 ℎ2 𝑑𝑝 𝑦 𝑦
𝑢(𝑦) = 𝑦 ℎ + 2𝜇 (− 𝑑𝑥 ) ℎ (1 − ℎ) , 𝑣 = 0 , 𝑤 = 0 satisfy the equation of motion , when the body
𝑑𝑝
force is neglected , h , U , 𝑑𝑥 are constants and 𝑝 = 𝑝(𝑥) [IFoS 2009]

Q90).Incompressible viscous liquid is moving steadily under pressure between planes 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 = ℎ .

The plane 𝑦 = 0 has a constant velocity 𝑈 in the direction of x axis , and the plane 𝑦 = ℎ is fixed.
The planes are porous , and the liquid is sucked in uniformly , over one and ejected uniformly over
ℎ 𝑦
(𝑈𝑒 𝑎 +𝐴ℎ)−(𝑈+𝐴ℎ)𝑒 𝑎
𝜈
the other. Show that a possible solution is given by 𝑢 = ℎ + 𝐴𝑦 , 𝑣 = 𝑎
𝑒 𝑎 −1

Where 𝜈 is the kinematic coefficient of viscosity .

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