Media and Information Literacy

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Week 5

TYPES OF MEDIA
Media is said to be a powerful force in the society. They are everywhere.
Voluntarily or involuntarily, Millions of individuals are exposed to it. Twenty-four hours,
seven days a week, whether in television or radio, in newspaper or magazine, or through
the Internet, people are affected by its enchanting media features.

In this lesson, different types of media will be discussed, which includes the
definition, its form, and characteristics. And also, the convergence of media in the age
of information will be given emphasis.

Different media have different forms and characteristics. The users of media must
understand its nature in order to maximize its use.

• Print Media - media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process
that is traditionally mechanical.

a. Book – the book is defined as a set of printed sheets of paper that are
held together inside a cover. It is long written work intended to inform
like reference book or entertain such as novels.
b. Newspapers- refers to as a document published regularly, consisting of
new reports, articles, photographs, and advertisement that are printed
on large sheets of paper folded together.
c. Magazines – is defined as a periodical publication containing articles
and illustrations, typically covering a particular subject or area of
interest.
d. Poster – is a bill or placard for posting, which is often placed in a public
place. Posters by nature are visual. It makes use of photos or graphics to
convey a message.
e. Brochure – The brochure is defined as a small thin book or magazine
that usually has many pictures and information about a product or a
place etc. It is typically used as a form of advertisement or promotion
f. Press Release – It is defined as an official statement that gives
information to news programs and radio stations.
 Characteristics of Print Media

1. A proponent of Literacy – print media is essentially written media. One

must be able to read to patronize print. By requiring literacy, print media
also promotes it.
2. Portable – print media is the most portable platform of media. Its size
and weight allow people to carry it everywhere.
3. Independent form of media – Unlike other forms of media, print does
not require a separate medium or technology to transmit or receive
information.
4. Structure – correct grammar and proper sentence construction is a must
in print media. Arranging material to follow a layout is required before
publishing. The structure is given emphasis in print media

Typical newspapers has the following sections;

1. News section
2. Photojournalism
3. Opinion Section
4. Sports Section
5. Entertainment Section
6. Classified or Classified Ads Section

• Broadcast Media - media such as radio and television that reach target
audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium.

a. Radio Broadcasting (AM Radio Amplitude Modulated, FM Radio

Frequency Modulation) – Radio is a tool that uses voice, sound, and
music. These three are called elements of radio. Because it lacks visual
elements, producers of information in radio bank on these three elements
to attract attention and covey the message.

b. TV Broadcasting (Audio Sound, music, and voice), Video or visual

(footage, graphics, and text) – In the current setting in the country,
television programs can be accessed through the free channel and
cable channel. The free channel offers a variety of TV programs that can
be access without paying for the networks of cable service provider.
Cable channel offers specialty programs that can be accessed by paying
cable service provider.

a. Dramatic Format
i. Drama Series iii. Sitcom
ii. Drama Special
 b. Non-dramatic format
i. News and public affairs programs
ii. Talk show, debate, discussion programs
iii. Contest, quiz show, game show program
iv. Educational program
v. Informative program
vi. Variety shows program

• New Media – The World Wide Web. Where ordinary people can go on their
computer screens and a few clicks of a mouse button, find a vast array of
information and entertainment that originates all around the world. Tim Berners
Lee Invented it back in 1989.

a. Networked Linkage: Vanishing of fixed place. Geographical separation is

no longer an issue with the new media.
b. Ubiquity: New media made information simultaneously present
everywhere.
c. Digital: Because of its digital nature, information in the new media became:
1. Infinite, where duplication and multiplication of information are
possible.
2. Easily altered or edited.
3. Easily retrievable, and machine readable
4. Frequently stored on magnetic or optical surfaces, which do not
have a proven permanence.
5. Space Binding and Distance Insensitivity. New media creates bridge
across continents.
6. Geographical Insensitivity: Distance makes little difference in the
time, cost or speed of getting information.
7. Prothesis and Telepresence: Studies show that personal gadgets like
smartphones and computers reveal a lot about its user.
8. Virtually, Virtual Community: New media has created a social
environment without having the need for proximity.
9. Hypertext: Links documents together is such a way that one need
not read documents in a prescribed order; authors, styles, and
permissible rules of content may vary as one reads linked
documents; responsibility and control are diffused – as is ownership
of the resulting content; form and structure are easily changed,
composed on demands for individuals.
10. Interactivity: It seeks user input to perform functions based upon it.
One example would be the function of cookies that stores personal
data and preferences as a tool to decipher what type of information
would be interesting to the user.
11. Push Vs Pull: New media contrast with older forms in that users/
audiences request custom content and are not programmed to in
 the usual sense of television and the press. Instead, content is
“pulled” by the consumer, not “pushed” by the media organization.
12. Convergent: Merged Modal Capabilities, multimedia and multiple
media. These terms denote that formerly separate technologies
(and the industries behind them) are blending together with a digital
common denominator.
13. “Smart” Server controlled functions, applications. Below are terminal
of new media:
i. Hot Java and implication
ii. Web TV and implications the core idea here is an “appliance”
computer for web access.
iii. Secure modes and transactions central here are conducting
financial and personal transactions in privacy and free from
possible fraud by the electronic intercept.
14. Wired, Wireless, terrestrial and Satellite -based. While not strictly
characteristics of new media, the digital and smart character of new
media make them more easily configured for a variety of
transmission methods
15. Electromagnetic V. Optical: Digitally based new media are more
readily converted to optical transmission (using magnetic pulses of
light), which affords advantages over conventional electronic
transmission (using magnetic pulses). In brief, electromagnetic
systems are more fragile, are often bulkier for a given capacity, more
subjects to interference, and often can be more easily tapped.
Optic fibers deliver gains in capacity, reliability and accuracy
compared with traditional copper wire and microwave radio
technologies.

The Convergence of Media in the age of Information

The age of information has posed threats to the traditional media platforms (print,
radio, and TV). In a time when the internet has become the media platform of choice for
many, the traditional have expanded their horizons to keep up with the times. They have
moved outside their original medium format and explored other available media
technologies. This phenomenon is called the convergence of media.

• Digital Print Media – There has been a considerable continues decline in

readership among all print mediums throughout the years. Although print has
remained to have a solid foothold in society, the need to revolutionize their
methods has never more necessary that it is today. This is why print has gone
where their readers all went, online.

Newspaper businesses like the Manila Bulletin, Philippine Daily Inquirer, and
Philippine Star have gone digital. These so called big three in the newspapers
print sector of the media are all running online news sites to supplement their
daily prints. As a means of reaching the smartphones population, these
newspapers have also launched apps.
• Teleradio – The two mass media technologies of the industrial age which are radio
and television have formed an alliance in the form of Teleradio. Teleradio or
television-radio is a program that combines the visual aspect of television with AM
or news radio. Filming of teleradio happens in radio booths and simultaneously
broadcasted on radio stations, television channels, and even online.

• Stream Media – in this context, refers to the transmission of television or radio

content online. In this scenario, allows these two traditional medial players to
 broaden their reach to internet media consumers. It provides access to those who
have limited or no access to television and radio but it is connected online.

• Mass Media and Social Media – websites are extremely popular in society. Billions
of people from all over the world are connected to several social media websites
and apps ay any given time of the day. Mass Media platforms sought to take
advantage of these numbers and bring their content to wider audience.

Activity # 1 (Cartoon Analysis)

Explain the answers in not less than 3 sentences.

1. What is media convergence?
2. Why media convergence a trend that cannot be done away?
3. What are other examples of media convergence?

10 9 8 7
Explanation is Explanation is Explanation Explanation is
very comprehensive. lacks details. unclear or
EXPLANATION comprehensive irrelevant to
the
drawing.

Activity # 2 (Media Personalities)

Explain the answers in not less than 3 sentences.

1. What do these two personalities have in common?

2. How did they become the “Queen of All Media?
3. What made them so famous?
4. What have they contributed to society?
5. How do these personalities influence the way the people see themselves and
others?
6. Discuss the responsibility of media content producers to their viewers.

Activity # 3 ( Sketch it up)

Using the application that you are most competent with, make a drawing/sketch on
how different media is affecting your everyday life. You can use any application that
you are most comfortable with (ex. SketchPro, sketch.io, Microsoft Paint, Photoshop,
others).

References

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Teaching Guide for Senior High School
Published by the Commission on Higher Education, 2016

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Edward D. Gonzales/JFS PUBLISHING SERVICES 2016

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