CHAPTER 5

COMPONENT PROPERTIES

In this chapter, we will discuss the Component Properties tab in detail. PERFORM 3D has
several element types (bar, column, beam, wall, seismic isolators etc.) That are made up of one
or more components. To specify the properties to elements we must specify properties to
components that make up these elements.

5.1 Introduction to NL components in PERFORM 3D

The Component Properties tab further contains six tabs as follows.

 Materials

It includes steel, concrete and shear materials.

 Cross Sections

It includes beam, column and wall sections. The properties of some cross sections depend on
properties of materials.

 Strength Sections
These are not structural components. Their purpose is to allow us to calculate strength demand-
capacity ratios at interior point in beam and column elements.

 Elastic

It includes components that do not dissipate energy. Elastic components are mostly linear but can
be non-linear.

 Inelastic

It includes components that yield and dissipate energy. Inelastic components are always non-
linear and much more.

 Compound

A compound component is made up of several cross section, basic or/and strength section
components. For Example, a compound component for a beam might consist of an elastic end
zone component, a plastic hinge component, an elastic segment with a uniform cross section, a
second plastic hinge, and an end zone. It might also have shear strength sections at the plastic
hinge locations, to check that the shear strength is not exceeded.

Note: Nonlinear components can have complex properties, and the forms for input of component
properties may appear to be complex. You do not nave to specify values for all possible
properties. For example, you may choose to specify elastic-perfectly-plastic behavior rather than
the more complex trilinear behavior; you may not need to consider brittle strength loss; and
unless you are an advanced user you will not need to specify upper/lower bounds. It is usually a
good idea to start with relatively simple component properties, and to add more complex
properties later.

If you are a new user, you might link to experiment with the component properties task before
starting a complete structure. The forms for input of component properties contain a lot of
information, so be sure to look at them carefully.

All the six types in Component Properties Tab are explained here in detail.

5.1.1 Materials
There are two types of material lists in Materials tab, Inelastic and Elastic. These both are
further having multiple types as follows.

 Inelastic Materials
 Inelastic Steel Material, Non-Buckling
 Inelastic Steel Material, Tension Only
 Inelastic Steel Material, Buckling
 Inelastic 1D Concrete Material
 Inelastic Shear Material for a Wall
 Diagonal Shear Material for a Wall

When we define an Inelastic material of one of the above types. We are required to provide
Stress-Strain Model for the material (i.e. Mander Model for Concrete and Park Model for
Steel). we also get option to choose what information we are going to consider for this material.
PERFORM 3D provides some of the following options for each material.

A dialogue box in front of these options, require further detail based on our selection along with
material sample curve above it.

Shape of Relationship (E-P-P/Trilinear)

E-P-P / Trilinear: We are required to decide, either we want to define an Elastic Perfectly
Plastic curve for our material or a Trilinear.

Symmetry (Yes/No):

Strength Loss (Yes/No)

Tension Strength (Yes/No)

Upper/Lower Bounds (Yes/No): (It is an advanced option and will not be discussed in this
document)

Strain Capacities (Yes/No)

Cyclic Degradation (None/YULRX/XX+3)

 Elastic
 Elastic Material for Fiber Section
 Elastic Shear Material for a Wall
 Elastic Material for a Slab or Shell

When we define an Elastic material of one of the above types. We are required to provide the
Stiffness and we also get option to choose what information we are going to consider for this
material. PERFORM 3D provides following options
A dialogue box in front of these options, require further detail based on our selection along with
material sample curve above it.

Symmetry (Yes/No)

Stress Capacities (Yes/No)

Upper/Lower Bound (Yes/No)

5.1.2 Cross Sections

5.1.3 Strength Sections

5.1.4 Elastic
5.1.5 Inelastic

5.1.6 Compound

5.2 Defining Material Properties

We will define all the Elastic and Inelastic Materials here, that we are going to use in this
structure. We normally use Nominal Strengths in Linear Analysis in ETABS. Here, we will use
Expected Strength for both Concrete and Steel. There are a number of Inelastic Material
Models available for both steel and concrete. We will use Mander Model for concrete and Park
Model for Steel.

Material Models can be obtained from ETABS.

In order to define materials in perform 3d we need to enter parameters of idealized stress strain
curve.

At first, we need to extract stress strain curve from ETABS then export it into ms excel and then
overlap a new idealized curve (compatible with perform 3d) on actual curve.

First of all, go to ETABS and define a material for which you need stress strain curve.

Now go to Modify/Show Materials

Then Click on Nonlinear Materials Data
A new window will appear

Then go to Stress Strain Definition Options and select Parametric then mender model and
convert to user define.
By clicking convert to user define a new table will be displayed with values of stress strain
curve. You can easily select and export this table to MS EXCEL.
In order to draw stress strain curve, just click on “Show Plot” to see plotted curve.
For R.C.C columns we need a stress strain curve of confined concrete material. For this purpose,
at first you need to select an appropriate column cross section and then you can display confined
stress strain curve against this cross section in ETABS.

Simply as for unconfined you need to select mender model in nonlinear material data and then
select “Show Stress Strain Plot”.
A new window will appear with stress strain curve along with a list by which you can easily
select your cross section against which you are looking for confined stress strain curve.
But for confined material stress strain curve you need to get coordinates of each point from
plotted curve. Coordinates can be easily obtained against each point by pointing curser on
respective point.

Now export data of these curves into MS excel and plot these curves.

Now in MS excel you also need to plot an idealized stress strain curve which would be
compatible with PERFORM 3D.
But make sure that area under the curve for actual and idealized curve would be the same “By
principal of equivalent Energy”.
Now you can easily define this curve in PERFORM 3D by obtaining different required
parameters from this curve.

By using same procedure as defined above you can easily define different materials (like,
Concrete Steel etc.) in PERFORM 3D with the help of ETABS.

Click on “Material Tab” in component properties option on tool bar.

There is a list of Materials available Type menu. Chose the type of material you want to define.
Here, we are going to define concrete materials so, we chose 1D concrete Material option.

 Click on “New” button to define the name of new material.

 Click “OK” after writing the name.
After assigning the proper name to the new material. We have to assign the properties to this
material.

Properties of the material contain the backbone curve of Stress-Strain relation for the material,
Tensile strength and Strain Capacities etc. All the detail is explained below.

Upper/lower bound and cyclic degradation is not considered for this material

 Click on “Check” Button, after adding all the required values.

On clicking check, there might occur some Error. You are required to slightly modify the values
based on rules of PERFORM 3D.

Once all the errors are fixed, on clicking “Check” button again, the Status tab will show the
status as “New Property Set, No Error, Not Yet Saved”. Be careful about the Units, while
adding the values in each tab. Finalized values for our material after fixing all the errors are
shown here.

We are using a Trilinear curve for our concrete material.

Strength Loss is considered here for this material.
Three Strain Capacities for both sides (Tension and Compression) are used here.

 Click on “Graph” button to see the final graph generated by PERFORM3D using the
input provided.

If everything looks fine and you are satisfied with all the inputs for the material property.

 Click on “Save” button.

Our 1st concrete material of Inelastic 1D Concrete Type is saved and ready to be assigned to
any Element.
Using the same Method, we have defined all the required Inelastic 1D Concrete Materials.
Steel Material

Similar to the concrete material, we are required an Inelastic Steel Material, Non-Buckling.

By using same procedure as defined above for concrete you can easily define different materials
(like, Concrete Steel etc.) in PERFORM 3D with the help of ETABS.
Using the same method discussed above for concrete, we have Saved inelastic steel material.

5.3 Defining Cross Sections

Following the Similar Approach, we first decide the type and define a name for the cross section.

We are defining our all Column, Reinforced Concrete Section Type cross sections here.

 Click “New”, define a Name for cross Section and click “Ok”

 Click on “Calculate” after filling in the Shape and Dimensions form

PERFORM 3D will calculate all the Section Properties by itself using the Shape and
Dimension detail.
  Click “Check” button after adding the values of Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s
Ration.

Shear Modulus will be calculated automatically by clicking Check button. If there is no error in
any value, our cross section is ready to be saved.
By Following the same method, we can define all the required cross sections.
5.4 Defining Fibers for Columns

Fiber Modeling is used for columns in this structure. We divide cross section of each column in
fibers in such a way that concrete portion is divided in to 9 or 16 fibers. Steel reinforcement is
divided in fibers in such a way that each longitudinal bar is considered as one fiber, or we can
combine multiple bars into one fiber. We used the later condition when total number fibers in
one cross section become more than 60. As PERFORM 3D provide option to add maximum 60
fibers for one cross section.

We are required to mention the local coordinates of each fiber in cross section along with their
areas. We can either calculate the area and coordinates of every fiber manually or we can use
Section Designer Tool of SAP200 as a short cut.

TO DEFINE COLUMN FIBERS IN PERFORM 3D

To define fiber sections of columns in PERFORM 3D, you need to use “SECTION
DESIGNER” available in SAP 2000 which will help you to define and cut your cross section
into number of fibers of concrete and steel, and also provides different cross-sectional properties
which needs to be defined in PERFORM 3D.

At first you need to define your materials in SAP 2000 same as you define in ETABS.

Then, go to Define -> Section Properties -> Frame Sections -> Add new Property.
A window will appear, select other from drop down list and then select “SECTION
DESIGNER”.
By clicking section designer, a form will appear where you need to define cross section name
and its base material and then click on “SECTION DESIGNER”.
Now section designer will be open, it has a user-friendly interface.
You needs to draw your column cross section along with rebars by using different drawing tools
available in section designer.
After drawing rectangular section right click on it and set its dimensions and base material.

Now draw rebars on it as per your column cross section.

Now by selecting rebar ring, right click on it, it will allow you set concrete cover and material for
rebars.
You may also adjust bar size in diameter by right click on individual/set of bars.
After drawing your column cross section in section designer go to Define -> Fiber Layout And
adjust number of fibers in x and y direction.
By clicking OK a table will be displayed along with area, material and coordinates of each fiber
that will be used to define fibers of column in perform 3d.

You can also display fibers by clicking Display->Show Fibers

For other required cross sectional properties, you may go to Section Properties of this cross
section build in section designer.
  Click “Cross Section” tab in Component properties tab.

Choose Column Inelastic Fiber Section from Types menu.

 Click “New” to define a fiber section by writing a name for it.

 Click “Ok” to define fiber section
Select the defined Column, Inelastic Fiber Section and fill in all the requirements.

For Structural Fibers, chose Material Type, Material Name, Fiber Area, it’s coordinates
and click on “Add” button to add a fiber in the fibers list. There are other options of Insert,
Replace and Delete to be used to complete the lost of Fibers as required. Similarly fill in the
other required forms of Capacities, Shear and Torsion and Other Properties.
Click on “Check” after completing all the required details. If there is no error, our fiber section
is ready to be “Saved”.

All the requirements filled for our fiber section here are shown below.

In strain Capacity section, we define two concrete and two steel fibers and monitor fibers. We
usually chose fibers of two edges for both concrete and steel fibers are chosen from same edges.
Chosen edges should be diagonal as shown.
  Click “Save” to save the section after completing all these details.

Duplicate Fiber section can be made by using Save as option.

By following the same method, Fiber sections for all the cross sections are made.