Chapter 6

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Chapter 6 Resource Masters
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 XXX 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
 Contents
Vocabulary Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii-viii Lesson 6-7
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Lesson 6-1 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Lesson 6-8
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Lesson 6-2 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Chapter 6 Assessment
Chapter 6 Test, Form 1A . . . . . . . . . . . . 249-250
Lesson 6-3 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1B . . . . . . . . . . . . 251-252
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1C . . . . . . . . . . . . 253-254
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . 255-256
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . . 257-258
Chapter 6 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . . . 259-260
Lesson 6-4 Chapter 6 Extended Response
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Chapter 6 Quizzes A & B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Chapter 6 Quizzes C & D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Lesson 6-5 Chapter 6 SAT and ACT Practice . . . . . 265-266
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Chapter 6 Cumulative Review . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Trigonometry Semester Test . . . . . . . . . 269-273
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet,
Lesson 6-6 10 Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet,
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 20 Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3-A19

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 A Teacher’s Guide to Using the
Chapter 6 Resource Masters

The Fast File Chapter Resource system allows you to conveniently file the
resources you use most often. The Chapter 6 Resource Masters include the core
materials needed for Chapter 6. These materials include worksheets, extensions,
and assessment options. The answers for these pages appear at the back of this
booklet.

All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing in
the Advanced Mathematical Concepts TeacherWorks CD-ROM.

Vocabulary Builder Pages vii-viii include a Practice There is one master for each lesson.
student study tool that presents the key These problems more closely follow the
vocabulary terms from the chapter. Students are structure of the Practice section of the Student
to record definitions and/or examples for each Edition exercises. These exercises are of
term. You may suggest that students highlight or average difficulty.
star the terms with which they are not familiar.
When to Use These provide additional
When to Use Give these pages to students practice options or may be used as homework
before beginning Lesson 6-1. Remind them to for second day teaching of the lesson.
add definitions and examples as they complete
each lesson.

Enrichment There is one master for each

lesson. These activities may extend the concepts
Study Guide There is one Study Guide in the lesson, offer a historical or multicultural
master for each lesson. look at the concepts, or widen students’
perspectives on the mathematics they are
When to Use Use these masters as learning. These are not written exclusively
reteaching activities for students who need for honors students, but are accessible for use
additional reinforcement. These pages can also
with all levels of students.
be used in conjunction with the Student Edition
as an instructional tool for those students who When to Use These may be used as extra
have been absent. credit, short-term projects, or as activities for
days when class periods are shortened.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Assessment Options Intermediate Assessment
The assessment section of the Chapter 6 • A Mid-Chapter Test provides an option to
Resources Masters offers a wide range of assess the first half of the chapter. It is
assessment tools for intermediate and final composed of free-response questions.
assessment. The following lists describe each • Four free-response quizzes are included to
assessment master and its intended use. offer assessment at appropriate intervals in
the chapter.

Chapter Assessments Continuing Assessment

• The SAT and ACT Practice offers
Chapter Tests
continuing review of concepts in various
• Forms 1A, 1B, and 1C Form 1 tests contain formats, which may appear on standardized
multiple-choice questions. Form 1A is tests that they may encounter. This practice
intended for use with honors-level students, includes multiple-choice, quantitative-
Form 1B is intended for use with average- comparison, and grid-in questions. Bubble-
level students, and Form 1C is intended for in and grid-in answer sections are provided
use with basic-level students. These tests
on the master.
are similar in format to offer comparable
testing situations. • The Cumulative Review provides students
an opportunity to reinforce and retain skills
• Forms 2A, 2B, and 2C Form 2 tests are as they proceed through their study of
composed of free-response questions. Form advanced mathematics. It can also be used
2A is intended for use with honors-level as a test. The master includes free-response
students, Form 2B is intended for use with
questions.
average-level students, and Form 2C is
intended for use with basic-level students.
These tests are similar in format to offer
comparable testing situations. Answers
• Page A1 is an answer sheet for the SAT and
All of the above tests include a challenging ACT Practice questions that appear in the
Bonus question. Student Edition on page 419. Page A2 is an
• The Extended Response Assessment answer sheet for the SAT and ACT Practice
includes performance assessment tasks that master. These improve students’ familiarity
are suitable for all students. A scoring with the answer formats they may
rubric is included for evaluation guidelines. encounter in test taking.
Sample answers are provided for • The answers for the lesson-by-lesson
assessment. masters are provided as reduced pages with
answers appearing in red.
• Full-size answer keys are provided for the
assessment options in this booklet.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Leveled Worksheets
Glencoe’s leveled worksheets are helpful for meeting the needs of every
student in a variety of ways. These worksheets, many of which are found
in the FAST FILE Chapter Resource Masters, are shown in the chart
below.
• Study Guide masters provide worked-out examples as well as practice
problems.
• Each chapter’s Vocabulary Builder master provides students the
opportunity to write out key concepts and definitions in their own
words.
• Practice masters provide average-level problems for students who
are moving at a regular pace.
• Enrichment masters offer students the opportunity to extend their
learning.

Five Different Options to Meet the Needs of

Every Student in a Variety of Ways

primarily skills
primarily concepts
primarily applications

BASIC AVERAGE ADVANCED

1 Study Guide

2 Vocabulary Builder

3 Parent and Student Study Guide (online)

4 Practice

5 Enrichment

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vi Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Reading to Learn Mathematics
Vocabulary Builder
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 6.
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description.
Remember to add the page number where you found the term.

Vocabulary Term Found Definition/Description/Example

on Page
amplitude

angular displacement

angular velocity

central angle

circular arc

compound function

dimensional analysis

linear velocity

midline

period

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Reading to Learn Mathematics
Vocabulary Builder (continued)

Vocabulary Term Found Definition/Description/Example

on Page
periodic

phase shift

principal values

radian

sector

sinusoidal function

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-1 Study Guide

Angles and Radian Measure
An angle of one complete revolution can be represented either
by 360
or by 2
radians. Thus, the following formulas can be
used to relate degree and radian measures.

180
1 radian  
Degree/Radian
 degrees or about 57.3

Conversion Formulas 1 degree  
 radians or about 0.017 radian
180

Example 1 a. Change 36
to radian measure in terms of
.

b. Change

radians to degree measure.
17
3

a. 36°  36°  
 b. 
 

17

17 18
0°
180° 3 3

 5
  1020

Example 2 Evaluate sin  3
.

4
The reference angle for  3

 is 
. Since 
  45
,
4 4 4
the terminal side of the angle intersects the unit
circle at a point with coordinates of
  , 
 .
2 
2 2
2
Because the terminal side of 3
 lies in Quadrant II,
4
the x-coordinate is negative and the y-coordinate is
3

positive. Therefore, sin  .
2
4 2

Example 3 Given a central angle of 147
, find the length

of its intercepted arc in a circle of radius
10 centimeters. Round to the nearest tenth.
First convert the measure of the central angle
from degrees to radians.
147
 147
 
 1 degree  

180° 180°


49
60
Then find the length of the arc.
s  r Formula for the length of an arc
s  10



60 
49 49
r  10,   
60
s  25.65634
The length of the arc is about 25.7 cm.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 225 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-1 Practice
Angles and Radian Measure
Change each degree measure to radian measure in terms
of
.
1. 250
2. 6
3. 145

4. 870
5. 18
6. 820

Change each radian measure to degree measure. Round to

the nearest tenth, if necessary.
7. 4
8. 

13 9. 1
30

3

10.   11. 2.56 7

12. 
16 9

Evaluate each expression.

13. tan 


4
3

14. cos 2
 3

15. sin 2


16. tan 

11 3

17. cos   5

18. sin 
6 4 3

Given the measurement of a central angle, find the length

of its intercepted arc in a circle of radius 10 centimeters.
Round to the nearest tenth.
19. 


6
20. 3


5
21. 
2

Find the area of each sector, given its central angle  and
the radius of the circle. Round to the nearest tenth.
22.   

, r  14
6
7

23.   4
, r  4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 226 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-1 Enrichment
Angle Measurement: The Mil
The mil is an angle measurement used by the military. The military
uses the mil because it is easy and accurate for measurements
involving long distances. Determining the angle to use to hit a target
in long-range artillery firing is one example.
1
In ordinary measurement, 1 mil =  inch. For angle
1000
measurement, this means that an angle measuring one mil would
subtend an arc of length 1 unit, with the entire circle being 1000
mils around. So, the circumference becomes 2
 1000, or about
6283.18 units. The military rounds this number to 6400 for
convenience. Thus,
1
1 mil =  revolution around a circle
6400

So, 6400 mil = 2
radians.

Example Change 3200 mil to radian measure.
6400 mil 2

 = 
3200 mil x
x =

Change each mil measurement to radian measure.
1. 1600 mil 2. 800 mil

3. 4800 mil 4. 2400 mil

Change each radian measure to mil measurement. Round your

answers to the nearest tenth, where necessary.

5

5.  6. 
8 4

7.  8. 
12 6

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 227 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-2 Study Guide

Linear and Angular Velocity
As a circular object rotates about its center, an object at the
edge moves through an angle relative to the object's starting
position. That is known as the angular displacement, or
angle of rotation. Angular velocity  is given by   t,
where  is the angular displacement in radians and t is time.
Linear velocity v is given by v  rt, where t represents the
angular velocity in radians per unit of time. Since   t, this
formula can also be written as v  r.

Example 1 Determine the angular displacement in radians

of 3.5 revolutions. Round to the nearest tenth.
Each revolution equals 2
radians. For
3.5 revolutions, the number of radians is
3.5  2
, or 7
. 7
radians equals about
22.0 radians.

Example 2 Determine the angular velocity if 8.2 revolutions

are completed in 3 seconds. Round to the nearest
tenth.
The angular displacement is 8.2  2
, or 16.4
radians.
  t
 16.4

   16.4
, t  3
3
  17.17403984 Use a calculator.
The angular velocity is about 17.2 radians per second.

Example 3 Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating

at an angular velocity of 13
radians per second
at a distance of 7 centimeters from the center of
the rotating object. Round to the nearest tenth.
v  r
v  7(13
) r  7,   13

v  285.8849315 Use a calculator.
The linear velocity is about 285.9 centimeters per second.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 228 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-2 Practice
Linear and Angular Velocity
Determine each angular displacement in radians. Round to
the nearest tenth.
1. 6 revolutions 2. 4.3 revolutions 3. 85 revolutions

4. 11.5 revolutions 5. 7.7 revolutions 6. 17.8 revolutions

Determine each angular velocity. Round to the nearest tenth.

7. 2.6 revolutions in 6 seconds 8. 7.9 revolutions in 11 seconds

9. 118.3 revolutions in 19 minutes 10. 5.5 revolutions in 4 minutes

11. 22.4 revolutions in 15 seconds 12. 14 revolutions in 2 minutes

Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at the given

angular velocity at a distance r from the center of the
rotating object. Round to the nearest tenth.
13.   14.3 radians per second, r  7 centimeters

14.   28 radians per second, r  2 feet

15.   5.4
radians per minute, r  1.3 meters

16.   41.7
radians per second, r  18 inches

17.   234 radians per minute, r  31 inches

18. Clocks Suppose the second hand on a clock is 3 inches long.

Find the linear velocity of the tip of the second hand.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 229 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-2 Enrichment
Angular Acceleration
An object traveling in a circular path experiences linear velocity and
angular velocity. It may also experience angular acceleration.
Angular acceleration is the rate of change in angular velocity with
respect to time.
At time t  0, there is an initial angular velocity. At the end of
time t, there is a final angular velocity. Then the angular
acceleration  of the object can be defined as

final angular velocity  initial angular velocity

  .
time

The units for angular acceleration are usually rad /s 2 or rev/min2.

Example A record has a small chip on its edge. If

the record begins at rest and then goes to
45 revolutions per minute in 30 seconds,
what is the angular acceleration of the chip?
The record starts at rest, so the initial angular velocity
is 0. The final angular velocity is 45 revolutions/minute.
Thus, the angular acceleration is
45  0
  ______
1

2

= 90 rev/min2.
Solve.
1. The record in the example was playing at 45 rev/ min. A
power surge lasting 2 seconds caused the record to speed
up to 80 rev/min. What was the angular acceleration of
the chip then?

2. When a car enters a curve in the road, the tires are turning at an
angular velocity of 50 ft/s. At the end of the curve, the angular veloc-
ity of the tires is 60 ft /s. If the curve is an arc of a
circle with radius 2000 feet and central angle   
, and the
4
car travels at a constant linear velocity of 40 mph, what is the
angular acceleration?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 230 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-3 Study Guide

Graphing Sine and Cosine Functions
If the values of a function are the same for each given
interval of the domain, the function is said to be periodic.
Consider the graphs of y  sin x and y  cos x shown below.
Notice that for both graphs the period is 2
and the range is
from 1 to 1, inclusive.

Properties of the Graph of y  sin x Properties of the Graph of y  cos x

The x-intercepts are located at
n, where n is an The x-intercepts are located at 
 
n, where n is
2
integer. an integer.
The y-intercept is 0. The y-intercept is 1.
The maximum values are y  1 and occur when The maximum values are y  1 and occur when
x  
  2
n, when n is an integer. x 
n, where n is an even integer.
2
The minimum values are y  1 and occur when The minimum values are y  1 and occur when
x 3

  2
n, where n is an integer. x 
n, where n is an odd integer.
2

Example 1 Find sin 7

 by referring to the graph of the sine
2
function.
7

The period of the sine function is 2
. Since    2
,
2
7

rewrite 2 as a sum involving 2
.
7

  3

 2
(1)    3

This is a form of    2
n.
2 2 2
7

So, sin  3

  sin   or 1.
2 2

Example 2 Find the values of  for which cos   0 is true.

Since cos   0 indicates the x-intercepts of the
cosine function, cos   0 if   2
 
n, where n
is an integer.

Example 3 Graph y  sin x for 6
 x  8
.

The graph crosses the x-axis at 6
,
7
, and 8
. Its maximum value of 1

, and its minimum value
13
is at x  2

. Use this
15
of 1 is at x  2
information to sketch the graph.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 231 Advanced Mathematical Concepts
 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-3 Practice
Graphing Sine and Cosine Functions
Find each value by referring to the graph of the sine or the
cosine function.
3
7

3. sin
2 
1. cos
2. sin 2
 

Find the values of  for which each equation is true.

4. sin   0 5. cos   1 6. cos   1

Graph each function for the given interval.

7. y  sin x; 

2
 x 

2
8. y  cos x; 7
x 9

Determine whether each graph is y  sin x, y  cos x, or

neither.
9. 10.

11. Meteorology The equation y  70.5  19.5 sin 
6

(t  4) models
the average monthly temperature for Phoenix, Arizona, in degrees
Fahrenheit. In this equation, t denotes the number of months, with
t  1 representing January. What is the average monthly temperature
for July?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 232 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-3 Enrichment
Periodic Phenomena
Periodic phenomena are common in everyday life.
The first graph portrays the loudness of a foghorn
as a function of time. The sound rises quickly to its
loudest level, holds for about two seconds, drops off
a little more quickly than it rose, then remains
quiet for about four seconds before beginning a new
cycle. The period of the cycle is eight seconds.
1. Give three examples of periodic phenomena, together with a typical
period for each.

2. Sunrise is at 8 A.M. on December 21 in Function Junction and at

6 A.M. on June 21. Sketch a two-year graph of sunrise times in
Function Junction.

State whether each function is periodic. If it is, give its period.

3. 4.

yes; 8 no
5. 6.

yes; 4 yes; 4
7. A student graphed a periodic function with a period of n. The
student then translated the graph c units to the right and
obtained the original graph. Describe the relationship between c
and n.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 233 Advanced Mathematical Concepts
 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-4 Study Guide

Amplitude and Period of Sine and Cosine Functions
The amplitude of the functions y  A sin  and y  A cos  is
the absolute value of A, or A. The period of the functions
2

y  sin k and y  cos k is  , where k  0.
k
Example 1 State the amplitude and period for the function
y 
2 cos 4.
The definition of amplitude states that the amplitude
of y  A cos  is A. Therefore, the amplitude of
y  2 cos 4 is 2, or 2.

The definition of period states that the period of

2

y  cos k is  . Since 2 cos  equals 2 cos
1, the
k 4 4
period is 1 or 8
.
4

Example 2 State the amplitude and period for the function

y  3 sin 2. Then graph the function.
Since A  3, the amplitude is3or 3.
2

Since k  2, the period is   or
.
2
Use the amplitude and period above and the
basic shape of the sine function to graph the
equation.

Example 3 Write an equation of the sine function with

amplitude 6.7 and period 3
.
The form of the equation will be y  A sin k.
First find the possible values of A for an
amplitude of 6.7.
A  6.7
A  6.7 or 6.7
Since there are two values of A, two possible
equations exist.
Now find the value of k when the period is 3
.
2

   3
2

The period of the sine function is  .
k k
k 2

 or 23
3

The possible equations are y  6.7 sin 23 or
y  6.7 sin 23.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 234 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-4 Practice
Amplitude and Period of Sine and Cosine Functions
State the amplitude and period for each function. Then
graph each function.
1. y  2 sin  2. y  4 cos 3
2; 2
4; 6

3. y  1.5 cos 4 4. y  23 sin 2

1.5; 
2 2;
3
4

Write an equation of the sine function with each amplitude

and period.
5. amplitude  3, period  2
6. amplitude  8.5, period  6

Write an equation of the cosine function with each

amplitude and period.
7. amplitude  0.5, period  0.2
8. amplitude  15, period  25

9. Music A piano tuner strikes a tuning fork for note A above middle C
and sets in motion vibrations that can be modeled by the equation
y  0.001 sin 880
t. Find the amplitude and period for the function.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 235 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-4 Enrichment
Mass of a Floating Object
An object bobbing up and down in the water
exhibits periodic motion. The greater the mass of
the object (think of an ocean liner and a buoy), the
longer the period of oscillation (up and down
motion). The greater the horizontal cross-sectional
area of the object, the shorter the period. If you
know the period and the cross-sectional area, you
can find the mass of the object.
Imagine a point on the waterline of a stationary floating object. Let y
represent the vertical position of the point above or below the
waterline when the object begins to oscillate. ( y  0 represents the
waterline.) If we neglect air and water resistance, the equation of
motion of the object is

 t,
9800C
y  A sin 
M

where A is the amplitude of the oscillation, C is the horizontal

cross-sectional area of the object in square meters, M is the mass of
the object in kilograms, and t is the elapsed time in seconds since
the beginning of the oscillation. The argument of the sine is measured
in radians and y is measured in meters.
1. A 4-kg log has a cross-sectional area of 0.2 m2. A point on the log
has a maximum displacement of 0.4 m above or below the water
line. Find the vertical position of the point 5 seconds after the log
begins to bob.

2. Find an expression for the period of an oscillating floating object.

3. Find the period of the log described in Exercise 1.

4. A buoy bobs up and down with a period of 0.6 seconds. The mean
cross-sectional area of the buoy is 1.3 m2. Use your equation for
the period of an oscillating floating object to find the mass of the
buoy.

5. Write an equation of motion of the buoy described in Exercise 4 if

the amplitude is 0.45 m.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 236 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-5 Study Guide

Translations of Sine and Cosine Functions
A horizontal translation of a trigonometric function is called a
phase shift. The phase shift of the functions y  A sin (k  c)
and y  A cos (k  c) is kc, where k  0. If c  0, the shift is
to the left. If c
0, the shift is to the right. The vertical shift of
the functions y  A sin (k  c)  h and y  A cos (k  c)  h is h.
If h  0, the shift is upward. If h
0, the shift is downward. The
midline about which the graph oscillates is y  h.

Example 1 State the phase shift for y  sin (4 
).

Then graph the function.
The phase shift of the function is kc or 

4
.

To graph y  sin (4 
), consider the graph

of y  sin 4. The graph of y  sin 4 has an
amplitude of 1 and a period of 

2
. Graph this

function, then shift the graph 

.
4

Example 2 State the vertical shift and the equation of the

midline for y  3 cos   2. Then graph the function.
The vertical shift is 2 units upward. The midline
is the graph of y  2.
To graph the function, draw the midline.
Since the amplitude of the function is

3
, or 3, draw dashed lines parallel to
the midline which are 3 units above and
below y  2. That is, y  5 and y  1.
Then draw the cosine curve with a
period of 2
.

Example 3 Write an equation of the cosine function with

2

amplitude 2.9, period , phase shift

, and
5 2
vertical shift
3.

The form of the equation will be y  A cos (k  c)

 h. Find the values of A, k, c, and h.
A: A  2.9 c: kc  


2
The phase shift is 

.
2
A  2.9 or 2.9 c

2
2
2

5  2 k5
k: k    The period is  . 5

5 5 c
k5 2
h: h  3
5

The possible equations are y  2.9 cos
5  2 
  3.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 237 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-5 Practice
Translations of Sine and Cosine Functions
State the vertical shift and the equation of the midline for
each function. Then graph each function.
1. y  4 cos   4 2. y  sin 2  2

State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift

for each function. Then graph the function.
3. y  2 sin
  

2
 3 4. y  12 cos (2 
)  2

Write an equation of the specified function with each

amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift.
5. sine function: amplitude  15, period  4
, phase shift  

, vertical shift  10
2

6. cosine function: amplitude  23, period  

3
, phase shift  
, vertical shift  5
3

7. sine function: amplitude  6, period 
, phase shift  0, vertical shift  23

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 238 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-5 Enrichment
Translating Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
In Lesson 3-2, you learned how changes in a polynomial function
affect the graph of the function. If a > 0, the graph of y ± a  f (x)
translates the graph of f (x) downward or upward a units. The graph
of y  f (x  a) translates the graph of f (x) left or right a units.
These results apply to trigonometric functions as well.
Example 1 Graph y  3 sin 2, y  3 sin 2(
30°), and
y  4  3 sin 2 on the same coordinate axes.
Obtain the graph of y  3 sin 2(  30°)
by translating the graph of y  3 sin 2
30° to the right. Obtain the graph of
y  4  3 sin 2 by translating the
graph of y  3 sin 2 downward 4 units.

Example 2 Graph one cycle of y  6 cos (5  80°)  2.

Step 1 Isolate the term involving

the trigonometric function.
y  2  6 cos (5  80°)
Step 2 Factor out the coefficient of .
y  2  6 cos 5(  16°)
Step 3 Sketch y  6 cos 5 .
Step 4 Translate y  6 cos 5 to obtain the
graph of y  2  6 cos 5(  16°).

Sketch these graphs on the same coordinate axes.

1. y  3 sin 2(  45°)

2. y  5  3 sin 2(  90°)

Graph one cycle of each curve on the same coordinate axes.

3. y  6 cos (4  360°)  3

4. y  6 cos 4  3

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 239 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-6 Study Guide

Modeling Real-World Data with Sinusoidal Functions
Example The table shows the average monthly Jan. 30

temperatures for Ann Arbor, Michigan. Write Feb. 34

a sinusoidal function that models the average Mar. 45

monthly temperatures, using t  1 to represent Apr. 59

January. Temperatures are in degrees May 71

June 80

Fahrenheit (°F).
July 84

These data can be modeled by a function of the Aug. 81

form y  A sin (kt  c)  h, where t is the time in Sept. 74

months. Oct. 62

Nov. 48

First, find A, h, and k. Dec. 35

84 
A: A   30 or 27 A is half the difference between
2
the greatest temperature and
the least temperature.
84 
h: h   30 or 57 h is half the sum of the greatest value
2
and the least value.
2

k:    12 The period is 12.
k
k  
6
Substitute these values into the general form of
the function.
y  A sin (kt  c)  h y  27 sin


6
t  c  57

To compute c, substitute one of the coordinate

pairs into the equation.
y  27 sin


t  c  57
6
30  27 sin 

(1)  c  57
6
Use (t, y)  (1, 30).
27  27 sin

  c
6
Subtract 57 from each side.
2277  sin


  c
6
Divide each side by 27.
sin1 (1)  

6
c Definition of inverse
sin1 (1)  

6
 c Subtract 

6
 from each side.

2.094395102  c Use a calculator.

The function y  27 sin


6
t  2.09  57 is one
model for the average monthly temperature in
Ann Arbor, Michigan.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 240 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-6 Practice
Modeling Real-World Data with Sinusoidal Functions
1. Meteorology The average monthly temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit (
F)
for Baltimore, Maryland, are given below.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
32
35
44
53
63
73
77
76
69
57
47
37

a. Find the amplitude of a sinusoidal function that models the

monthly temperatures.

b. Find the vertical shift of a sinusoidal function that models the

monthly temperatures.

c. What is the period of a sinusoidal function that models the

monthly temperatures?

d. Write a sinusoidal function that models the monthly

temperatures, using t  1 to represent January.

e. According to your model, what is the average temperature in

July? How does this compare with the actual average?

f. According to your model, what is the average temperature in

December? How does this compare with the actual average?

2. Boating A buoy, bobbing up and down in the water as waves

move past it, moves from its highest point to its lowest point and
back to its highest point every 10 seconds. The distance between
its highest and lowest points is 3 feet.
a. What is the amplitude of a sinusoidal function that models the
bobbing buoy?

b. What is the period of a sinusoidal function that models the

bobbing buoy?

c. Write a sinusoidal function that models the bobbing buoy,

using t  0 at its highest point.

d. According to your model, what is the height of the buoy at

t  2 seconds?

e. According to your model, what is the height of the buoy at

t  6 seconds?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 241 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-6 Enrichment
Approximating

During the eighteenth century, the French scientist
George de Buffon developed an experimental method for
approximating π using probability. Buffon’s method
requires tossing a needle randomly onto an array of
parallel and equidistant lines. If the needle intersects a
line, it is a “hit.” Otherwise, it is a “miss.” The length of
the needle must be less than or equal to the distance
between the lines. For simplicity, we will demonstrate
the method and its proof using a 2-inch needle and lines
2 inches apart.
1. Assume that the needle falls at an angle  with the
horizontal, and that the tip of the needle just touches
a line. Find the distance d of the needle’s midpoint M
from the line.

2. Graph the function that relates

π
 and d for 0  
2
.

3. Suppose that the needle lands at an angle  but a distance less

than d. Is the toss a hit or a miss?
4. Shade the portion of the graph containing points that represent hits.

5. The area A under the curve you have drawn between x  a

and x  b is given by A  cos a  cos b. Find the area of the
shaded region of your graph.
6. Draw a rectangle around the graph in Exercise 2 for d  0 to 1




and   0 to 
2
. The area of the rectangle is 1  
2

2
.
The probability P of a hit is the area of the set of all “hit” points
divided by the area of the set of all possible landing points.
Complete the final fraction:
hit points shaded area 1
P     .
all points total area π

2
7. Use the first and last expressions in the above equation to write π in
terms of P.

8. The Italian mathematician Lazzerini made

3408 needle tosses,
scoring 2169 hits. Calculate Lazzerini’s experimental value of π.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 242 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-7 Study Guide

Graphing Other Trigonometric Functions
The period of functions y  csc k and y  sec k is  2

, where
k
k  0. The period of functions y  tan k and y  cot k is 
k
,
where k  0. The phase shift and vertical shift work the same
way for all trigonometric functions. For example, the phase
shift of the function y  tan (k  c)  h is kc, and its
vertical shift is h.

Example 1 Graph y  tan x.

To graph y  tan x, first draw the
asymptotes located at x  
2
n, where
n is an odd integer. Then plot the
following coordinate pairs and draw
the curves.

54
, 1, (
, 0),
34
, 1,

4, 1,

(0, 0),


4
3

, 1,

4
5

, 1, (
, 0),

4
, 1

Notice that the range values for the interval  3

 x 

2 2
repeat for the intervals 

 x 
 and 
 x 
2 2 2
3

2
.
So, the tangent function is a periodic function with a period of 

 or
.
k

Example 2 Graph y  sec (2 
)  4.

Since k  2, the period is 2

 or
. Since c 
,
2


the phase shift is 2. The vertical shift is 4.

Using this information, follow the steps for

graphing a secant function.
Step 1 Draw the midline, which
is the graph of y  4.
Step 2 Draw dashed lines parallel to
the midline, which are 1 unit
above and below y  4.
Step 3 Draw the secant curve with
a period of
.
Step 4 Shift the graph 

2
 units to
the left.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 243 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-7 Practice
Graphing Other Trigonometric Functions
Find each value by referring to the graphs of the trigonometric
functions.
1. tan
3
3

2 
 2. cot
2 


7

4. csc
2 
3. sec 4


Find the values of  for which each equation is true.

5. tan   0 6. cot   0

7. csc   1 8. sec   1

Graph each function.

9. y  tan (2 
)  1 10. y  cot
2  

2
 2

11. y  csc   3 12. y  sec
3 
  1

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 244 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-7 Enrichment
Reading Mathematics: Understanding Graphs
Technically, a graph is a set of points where pairs of points are
connected by a set of segments and/or arcs. If the graph is the graph
of an equation, the set of points consists of those points whose
coordinates satisfy the equation.
Practically speaking, to see a graph this way is as useless as seeing
a word as a collection of letters. The full meaning of a graph and its
value as a tool of understanding can be grasped only by viewing the
graph as a whole. It is more useful to see a graph not just as a set of
points, but as a picture of a function. The following suggestions,
based on the idea of a graph as a picture, may help you reach a
deeper understanding of the meaning of graphs.
a. Read the equation of the graph as a title. Get a
sense of the behavior of the function by describing
its characteristics to yourself in general terms. The
graph shown depicts the function y  2 sin x sin 2x.
In the region shown, the function increases,
decreases, then increases again. It looks a bit like a
sine curve but with steeper sides, sharper peaks
and valleys, and a point of inf lection at x 
.
b. Focus on the details. View them not as isolated or unrelated
facts but as traits of the function that distinguish it from other
functions. Think of the graph as a point that moves through the
coordinate plane sketching a profile of the function. Use the
function to guess the behavior of the graph beyond the region
shown. The graph of y  2 sin x  sin 2x appears to exhibit point
symmetry about the point of inf lection x 
. It intersects the
x-axis at 0,
, and 2
, and reaches a relative maximum of y  2.6

5

at x   and a relative minimum of y  –2.6 at x  3 . Since
3
the maximum value of 2 sin x is 2 and the maximum value of
sin 2x is 1, y  2 sin x  sin 2x will never exceed 3.
Discuss the graph at the right. Use the above
discussion as a model. You should discuss the
graph's shape, critical points, and symmetry.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 245 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-8 Study Guide

Trigonometric Inverses and Their Graphs
The inverses of the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent functions are
called Arcsine, Arccosine, and Arctangent, respectively. The
capital letters are used to represent the functions with
restricted domains. The graphs of Arcsine, Arccosine, and
Arctangent are defined as follows.

Given y  Sin x, the inverse Sine function is defined by the

Arcsine Function
equation y  Sin1 x or y  Arcsin x.
Given y  Cos x, the inverse Cosine function is defined by the
Arccosine Function
equation y  Cos1 x or y  Arccos x.
Given y  Tan x, the inverse Tangent function is defined by the
Arctangent Function
equation y  Tan1 x or y  Arctan x.

Example 1 Write the equation for the inverse of y  Arcsin 2x.

Then graph the function and its inverse.
y  Arcsin 2x
x  Arcsin 2y Exchange x and y.
Sin x  2y Definition of Arcsin function
1 Sin x  y Divide each side by 2.
2
Now graph the functions.

Example 2 Find each value.

a. Arctan

3 
3


Let   Arctan
  .  means that
3 
3 Arctan
3 
3


angle whose tan is  .
3
3

Tan    
3 Definition of Arctan function
3
  
6
b. Cos1
sin 
2


If y  sin 

, then y  1.
2
Cos1
sin 

2
  Cos1 1 Replace sin 

 with 1.
2
0

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 246 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-8 Practice
Trigonometric Inverses and Their Graphs
Write the equation for the inverse of each function. Then graph
the function and its inverse.
1. y  tan 2x 2. y  

  Arccos x
2

Find each value.

3. Arccos (1) 4. Arctan 1 5. Arcsin
12

 7. Cos1
sin 

3
6. Sin1 2
3  8. tan
Sin1 1  Cos1 12

9. Weather The equation y  10 sin

2

t  
6 3 
  57 models the average
monthly temperatures for Napa, California. In this equation, t denotes
the number of months with January represented by t  1. During
which two months is the average temperature 62
?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 247 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-8 Enrichment
Algebraic Trigonometric Expressions
In Lesson 6-4, you learned how to use right triangles to find exact
values of functions of inverse trigonometric functions. In calculus it
is sometimes necessary to convert trigonometric expressions into
algebraic ones. You can use the same method to do this.

Example Write sin (arccos 4 x) as an algebraic expression in x.

Let y  arccos 4x and let z  side opposite
y.

(4x)2  z2  12 Pythagorean Theorem

16x2  z2 1
z2  1  16x2
z  1 
 x2
16 Take the square
root of each side.
z
sin y   Definition of sine
1

sin y  1 x2
16

Therefore, sin (arccos 4x)  1 x2.
16

Write each of the following as an algebraic expression in x .

1. cot (arccos 4x)

2. sin (arctan x)

3. cos arctan
x

3 

4. sin [arcsec (x  2)]

5. cos arcsin
xh

r 

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 248 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1A
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each problem.
1. Change 1400
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. ________
70
A. 9
35

B. 9 14
C. 90
D. None of these
2. Change 
radians to degree measure.
29 2. ________
37
A. 5220
B. 141.1
C. 167.6
D. 66.6

3. Determine the angular velocity if 0.75 revolutions are completed 3. ________
in 0.05 seconds.
A. 4.7 radians/s B. 47.1 radians/s
C. 9.4 radians/s D. 94 radians/s
4. Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at 25 revolutions 4. ________
per minute at a distance of 2 feet from the center of the rotating object.
A. 2.6 ft/s B. 314.2 ft/s C. 5.2 ft/s D. 78.5 ft/s
5. There are 20 rollers under a conveyor belt and each roller has a 5. ________
radius of 15 inches. The rollers turn at a rate of 40 revolutions
per minute. What is the linear velocity of the conveyor belt?
A. 3769.9 ft/s B. 104.7 ft/s C. 5.2 ft/s D. 62.8 ft/s
6. Find the degree measure of the central angle associated with an arc 6. ________
that is 16 inches long in a circle with a radius of 12 inches.
A. 76.4
B. 270.0
C. 283.6
D. 43.0

7. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 105
and the 7. ________
radius of the circle is 4.2 meters.
A. 7.7 m2 B. 16.2 m2 C. 32.3 m2 D. 926.1 m2
3

8. Write an equation of the sine function with amplitude 3, period  , 8. ________

2
and phase shift 4.
x  

A. y  3 sin
32 x  

4
B. y  3 sin
43 4
C. y  3 sin
32 3
x  

8 
x   D. y  3 sin
43 3
9. Write an equation of the tangent function with period  3

, phase 9. ________

8
shift 5, and vertical shift 2.
A. y  tan
83 8
8

15 
x   2 B. y  tan
83 15 
x   2

C. y  tan
 3
3

80 
16x
3
  2 D. y  tan
83 40 
x   2

10. State the amplitude, period, and phase shift of the function 10. ________
3

y  3 cos
3x  2 
.
A. 3; 2
; 


2
2

B. 3; 3
; 

2
C. 3; 2
; 


2
2

D. 3;  3

; 
3 2


3

11. State the period and phase shift of the function y  4 tan
21 x  8 
. 11. ________
3

A. 2
, 4 3

B.
, 8 3

C. 2
, 8 3

D.
, 8

12. What is the equation for the inverse of y  Cos x  3? 12. ________
A. y  Arccos (x  3) B. y  Arccos x  3
C. y  Arccos x  3 D. y  Arccos (x  3)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 249 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1A (continued)


13. Evaluate tan
Cos1    Tan1 
 .
3 
3 3 13. ________
2

A.  
3 B. 3
 C. 0 D. undefined
3
The paddle wheel of a boat measures 16 feet in diameter and is revolving at
a rate of 20 rpm. The maximum depth of the paddle wheel under water is
1 foot. Suppose a point is located at the lowest point of the wheel at t  0.
14. Write a cosine function with phase shift 0 for the height of the 14. ________
initial point after t seconds.
A. h  8 cos
2

3 
t  7 B. h  8 cos 3t  7
2

C. h  8 cos
3 
t  7 D. h  8 cos 3t  7
15. Use your function to find the height of the initial point after 15. ________
55 seconds.
A. 7.5 ft B. 11 ft C. 10.4 ft D. 6.5 ft
16. Find the values of x for which the equation sin x  1 is true. 16. ________
A. 2
n B. 

2
  2
n C.
 2
n D. 3

  2
n
2
17. What is the equation of the graph shown below? 17. ________
A. y  tan 2x
B. y  cot 2x
C. y  cot 2x
D. y  tan 2x

18. What is the equation of the graph shown below? 18. ________
A. y  2 sin
23
x 


B. y  2 cos
3x  

2

x  

C. y  2 sin
23 2
D. y  2 cos
23
x 


19. What is the equation of the graph shown below? 19. ________
A. y  tan
4x  

2

B. y  tan (4x 
)
C. y  cot
4x  

2


D. y  cot (4x 
)
20. State the domain and range of the relation y  Arctan x. 20. ________
A. D: {all real numbers}; R: 


y


2 2
B. D: {all real numbers}; R: {0 y
}
C. D: 


y

; R: {all real numbers}
2 2
D. D: {0 y
}; R: {all real numbers}

Bonus Evaluate cos
2
 Arctan 43. Bonus: ________

A. 2245 B. 275 C. 45 D. 35
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 250 Advanced Mathematical Concepts
 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1B
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of
each problem.
1. Change 435
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. ________
5

A.   B. 5

 C. 

29 D. 

29
12 12 12 12
2. Change 13
radians to degree measure. 2. ________
15
A. 355
B. 156
C. 162
D. 207.7

3. Determine the angular velocity if 65.7 revolutions are completed 3. ________
in 12 seconds.
A. 5.5 radians/s B. 34.4 radians/s
C. 17.2 radians/s D. 125.5 radians/s
4. Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at an angular 4. ________
velocity of 62
radians per minute at a distance of 5 centimeters
from the center of the rotating object.
A. 973.9 cm/min B. 310 cm/min C. 39.0 cm/min D. 1947.8 cm/min
5. There are three rollers under a conveyor belt, and each roller has 5. ________
a radius of 8 centimeters. The rollers turn at a rate of 2 revolutions
per second. What is the linear velocity of the conveyor belt?
A. 0.50 m/s B. 50.26 m/s C. 100.53 m/s D. 1.005 m/s
6. Find the degree measure of the central angle associated with an 6. ________
arc that is 21 centimeters long in a circle with a radius of 4 centimeters.
A. 10.9
B. 59.2
C. 68.6
D. 300.8

7. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 40
and 7. ________
the radius of the circle is 12.5 centimeters.
A. 54.5 cm2 B. 109.1 cm2 C. 8.7 cm2 D. 4.4 cm2
8. Write an equation of the cosine function with amplitude 2, 8. ________
period
, and phase shift 
.
2
A. y  2 cos
2x  4
 B. y  2 cos
2x 

C. y  2 cos
2x  2
 D. y  2 cos
2x 


9. Write an equation of the tangent function with period 3
, phase 9. ________
shift 4
, and vertical shift 2.
3

A. y  tan
3x   B. y  tan
3x  1
2  2
4 
 2

C. y  tan
3x  1
2  2 3

D. y  tan
3x  4 
 2

10. State the amplitude, period, and phase shift of the function 10. ________
y  31 sin
2x  3
.
A. 13;
; 

6
 B. 13; 4
; 


6
C. 13;
; 


3
D. 13; 4
; 
3

11. State the period and phase shift of the function y  12 cot
2x  4
. 11. ________
A. 

2
;  

16
B. 
; 

2 8
C. 

; 

4 4
D. 
; 

2 4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 251 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1B (continued)
12. What is the equation for the inverse of y  12 Sin x? 12. ________
A. y  Arcsin x B. y  Arcsin 21x C. y  Arcsin 2x D. y  2 Arcsin x
13. Evaluate cos
Tan1 

3 2
  Sin1 1 .
3 13. ________
A. 
 
3 B. 3
 C. 0 D. 1
2 2
Kala is jumping rope, and the rope touches the ground every time
she jumps. She jumps at the rate of 40 jumps per minute, and the
distance from the ground to the midpoint of the rope at its
highest point is 5 feet. At t  0 the height of the midpoint is zero.
14. Write a function with phase shift 0 for the height of the midpoint 14. ________
of the rope above the ground after t seconds.
A. h  2.5 cos (3
t)  2.5 B. h  2.5 sin (3
t)  2.5


C. h  2.5 cos
3t  2.5 D. h  2.5 sin
 4

3 
4 t  2.5

15. Use your function to find the height of the midpoint of her rope 15. ________
after 32 seconds.
A. 4.2 ft B. 2.5 ft C. 0.33 ft D. 3.75 ft
16. Find the values of x for which the equation cos x  1 is true. 16. ________
Let k represent an integer.
A. 2
k B. 

2
  2
k C.
 2
k 3

D. 2
  2
k

17. What is the equation of the graph 17. ________

shown at the right?
A. y  tan x B. y  cot x
C. y  cot 2x D. y  tan 2x

18. What is the equation of the graph 18. ________

shown at the right?
A. y  3 cos 23
x B. y  3 cos 34
x

C. y  3 sin 34x D. y  3 sin 23x

19. What is the equation of the graph 19. ________

shown at the right?
A. y  tan 2x B. y  tan
2x  
2


C. y  cot 2x D. y  cot
2x  

2


20. State the domain and range of the relation y  arcsin x. 20. ________
A. D:{all reals}; R: 

 y 
 B. D: {all reals}; R: {0 y
}
2 2
C. D: {1 x 1}; R: {all reals} D. D: {1 x 1}; R: 

2
 y 

2
Bonus Evaluate cos
Arctan 34. Bonus: ________
A. 27
5
B. 2245 C. 4
5
D. 3
5

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 252 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1C
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each problem.
1. Change 54
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. ________
5

A.   B. 5

 C.  3

 D. 3


12 12 10 10
2. Change 6

 radians to degree measure. 2. ________
5
A. 190
B. 216
C. 67
D. 65.8

3. Determine the angular velocity if 29 revolutions are completed 3. ________
in 2 seconds.
A. 14.5 radians/s B. 45.6 radians/s
C. 91.1 radians/s D. 143.1 radians/s
4. Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at an angular 4. ________
velocity of 15
radians per second at a distance of 12 feet from
the center of the rotating object.
A. 565.5 ft/s B. 56.5 ft/s C. 180 ft/s D. 3.9 ft/s
5. Each roller under a conveyor belt has a radius of 0.5 meters. The 5. ________
rollers turn at a rate of 30 revolutions per minute. What is the
linear velocity of the conveyor belt?
A. 94.25 m/s B. 1.57 m/s C. 6.28 m/s D. 4.71 m/s
6. Find the degree measure of the central angle associated with an 6. ________
arc that is 13.8 centimeters long in a circle with a radius of
6 centimeters.
A. 2.3
B. 414
C. 131.8
D. 65.9

7. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 30
and 7. ________
the radius of the circle is 15 centimeters.
A. 58.9 cm2 B. 117.8 cm2 C. 3.9 cm2 D. 7.9 cm2
____________
8. Write an equation of the sine function with amplitude 5, period 3
, 8.
and phase shift 
.
A. y  5 sin
23 3
2

2 
x   B. y  5 sin
32
x 
3 


C. y  5 sin
23 2

x 

 D. y  5 sin
23
x 
3 


9. Write an equation of the tangent function with period 

, phase
4
9. ________
shift
, and vertical shift 1.
A. y  tan
4x  
4
 1 B. y  tan (4x  4
)  1
C. y  tan
4x 
  1 D. y  tan (4x  4
)  1

10. State the amplitude, period, and phase shift of the function 10. ________
y  0.4 sin
10x  

2
.

A. 0.4; 

5
; 
 B. 0.4; 
; 

20 5 20
C. 0.4; 5
; 21
0
D. 0.4; 

; 1
5 20
11. State the period and phase shift of the function y  3 tan
4x  

3
. 11. ________
A. 

4
; 

3
B. 4
; 1
2 C. 

; 

4 12
D. 

; 

4 12

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 253 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1C (continued)
12. What is the equation for the inverse of y  Cos x  1? 12. ________
A. y  Arccos x B. y  Arccos (x  1)
C. y  1  Arccos x D. y  Arccos x  1
13. Evaluate Cos1
tan 

4
. 13. ________

A.  
2 B.
C. 0 D. 
4
2
A tractor tire has a diameter of 6 feet and is revolving at a rate of
45 rpm. At t  0, a certain point on the tread of the tire is at height 0.
14. Write a function with phase shift 0 for the height of the point 14. ________
above the ground after t seconds.
A. h  3 cos
3
3

2 
t  3 B. h  3 cos
 2 
t  3
8

C. h  3 sin
 8

3 
t  3 D. h  3 sin
3 
t  3

15. Use your function to find the height of the point after 1 minute. 15. ________
A. 6 ft B. 3 ft C. 0 ft D. 1.5 ft
16. Find the values of x for which the equation cos x  1 is true. 16. ________
A. 2
n B. 

2
  2
n C.
 2
n 3

D. 2
  2
n

17. What is the equation of the graph shown 17. ________

at the right?
A. y  tan x B. y  cot x
C. y  cot 2x D. y  tan 2x

18. What is the equation of the graph 18. ________

shown at the right?
A. y  2 cos 4x B. y  2 cos 4x
C. y  2 sin 4 x D. y  2 sin 4x

19. What is the equation of the graph 19. ________

shown at the right?
A. y  tan
2x 
 B. y  tan
2x  

2


C. y  tan
4x 
 D. y  tan
4x  

4


20. State the domain and range of the relation y  arccos x. 20. ________
A. D: {all real numbers}; R: 

2
 y 

2
B. D: {all real numbers}; R: {0 y
}
C. D: {1 x 1}; R: {all real numbers}
D. D: {1 x 1}; R: 

2
 y 

2

Bonus Evaluate cot
Arctan 35. Bonus: ________

A. 34 B. 43 C. 45 D. 53

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 254 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2A
1. Change 312
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. __________________

2. Change 
radians to degree measure.

23 2. __________________
6

3. Determine the angular velocity if 11.3 revolutions are 3. __________________

completed in 3.9 seconds. Round to the nearest tenth.

4. Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at 4. __________________

15 revolutions per minute at a distance of 3.04 meters
from the center of a rotating object. Round to the
nearest tenth.

5. A gyroscope of radius 18 centimeters rotates 35 times 5. __________________

per minute. Find the linear velocity of a point on the
edge of the gyroscope.

6. An arc is 0.04 meters long and is intercepted by a central 6. __________________

angle of 

8
 radians. Find the diameter of the circle.

7. Find the area of sector if the central angle measures 225
7. __________________
and the radius of the circle is 11.04 meters.

8. Write an equation of the cosine function with amplitude 23, 8. __________________

period 1.8, phase shift 5.2, and vertical shift 3.9.

3

9. Write an equation of the cotangent function with period  , 9. __________________
2
3

phase shift  , and vertical shift 4.
2 3

10. State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift 10. __________________
for y  2  sin
3x  

5
.

11. State the period, phase shift, and vertical shift for 11. __________________
y  2  3 tan (4x 
).

12. Write the equation for the inverse of y  4 Arccot
34 3

x  2 . 12. __________________


13. Evaluate sin Cos1
   
 .
2  4
2 13. __________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 255 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2A (continued)
The table shows the average monthly temperatures (°F) for Detroit, Michigan.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
25.3
27.1
35.8
48.2
59.5
69.1
73.8
72.1
64.6
53.4
41.4
30.2

14. Write a sinusoidal function that models the 14. ___________________________

monthly temperatures in Detroit, using t  1 to
represent January.

15. According to your model, what is the average 15. ___________________________

temperature in October?

Graph each function.

16. y  sin x for 
x 
13 8

 16.
3 3

3

17. y  cot x for   x 
 17.
2 2

18. y  52 cos (3x 
) 18.

19. y  csc
2x  

2
 3 19.

20. y  Arctan x 20.

Bonus Evaluate sin
2
 Arctan 15 

2 . Bonus: __________________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 256 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2B
1. Change 585
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. __________________

2. Change 
radians to degree measure.

11 2. __________________
3

3. Determine the angular velocity if 12.5 revolutions are 3. __________________

completed in 8 seconds. Round to the nearest tenth.

4. Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at an 4. __________________

angular velocity of 84
radians per minute at a distance
of 2 meters from the center of the rotating object. Round
to the nearest tenth.

5. The minute hand of a clock is 7 centimeters long. Find the 5. __________________

linear velocity of the tip of the minute hand.

6. An arc is 21.4 centimeters long and is intercepted by a 6. __________________

3

central angle of   radians. Find the diameter of the circle.
8

7. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 7. __________________

3

  radians and the radius of the circle is 52 centimeters.
10

8. Write an equation of the cosine function with amplitude 4, 8. __________________

period 6, phase shift 
, and vertical shift 5.

9. Write an equation of the tangent function with period 2
, 9. __________________

phase shift 

, and vertical shift 1.
4

10. State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift 10. __________________
for y  4 cos
2x  

2
  1.

11. State the period, phase shift, and vertical shift for 11. __________________
y  cot
4x  

2
  3.

12. Write the equation for the inverse of y  Arctan (x  3). 12. __________________

13. Evaluate sin (2 Tan1 3

). 13. __________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 257 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2B (continued)
The average monthly temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for the
Moline, Illinois, Quad City Airport are given below.
Jan. Feb. March April May June
21.0
25.7
36.9
50.4
61.2
70.9

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec

74.8
72.9
64.6
53.2
38.8
26.2

14. Write a sinusoidal function that models the monthly 14. __________________
temperatures in Moline, using t  1 to represent January.

15. According to your model, what is the average temperature 15. __________________
in May?

Graph each function.

9

16. y  cos x for   x 
 16.
4 4

17. y  tan x for 6
x 8
17.

18. y  6 sin
23

x
 18.

19. y  csc
x  

4
 2 19.

20. y  Arccos x 20.

Bonus Evaluate sec
Arccot 35. Bonus: __________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 258 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2C
1. Change 405
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. __________________

5

2. Change   radians to degree measure. 2. __________________
12

3. Determine the angular velocity if 88 revolutions are 3. __________________

completed in 5 seconds. Round to the nearest tenth.

4. Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at an 4. __________________

angular velocity of 7
radians per second at a distance
of 10 feet from the center of the rotating object. Round
to the nearest tenth.

5. The second hand of a clock is 10 inches long. Find the linear 5. __________________
velocity of the tip of the second hand.

6. Find the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of 6. __________________


 radians on a circle of radius 8 inches.
8

7. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 7. __________________


 radians and the radius of the circle is 9 meters.
3

8. Write an equation of the sine function with amplitude 2, 8. __________________

period 5
, phase shift 

, and vertical shift 3.
2

9. Write an equation of the tangent function with period 3
, 9. __________________

phase shift 
, and vertical shift 2.

10. State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift 10. __________________
for y  32 sin
2x  

4
.

11. State the period, phase shift, and vertical shift for 11. __________________
y  tan (3x 
)  2.

12. Write the equation for the inverse of y  Arccos (x  5). 12. __________________

13. Evaluate tan
12 Cos1 0. 13. __________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 259 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2C (continued)
The average monthly temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for the
Spokane International Airport, in Washington, are given below.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
27.1
33.3
38.7
45.9
53.8
61.9
68.7
68.4
58.8
47.3
35.1
27.9

14. Write a sinusoidal function that models the 14. ____________________

monthly temperatures in Spokane, using t  1 to
represent January.

15. According to your model, what is the average 15. ____________________

temperature in March?

Graph each function.

16. y  cos x for 

2
5

 x 
2
16.

5

17. y  tan x for  x 
 17.
2 2

18. y  3 sin
23

x
 18.

19. y  sec (x 
)  3 19.

20. y  Arcsin x 20.

Bonus Evaluate tan
Arccos 23. Bonus: ____________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 260 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Open-Ended Assessment
Instructions: Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear,
concise solution to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant
drawings and justify your answers. You may show your solution in
more than one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the
problem.
1. a. Explain what is meant by a sine function with an amplitude of 3.
Draw a graph in your explanation.

b. Explain what is meant by a cosine function with a period of
.

Draw a graph in your explanation.

c. Explain what is meant by a tangent function with a phase shift

of 

. Draw a graph in your explanation.
4

d. Choose an amplitude, a period, and a phase shift for a sine

function. Write the equation for these attributes and graph it.

2. a. Write an equation to describe the motion

of point A as the wheel shown at the right
turns counterclockwise in place. The wheel
completes a revolution every 20 seconds.

b. How would the equation change if the

radius of the wheel were 5 inches?

c. How would the equation change if the wheel

completed a revolution every 10 seconds?

d. How would the equation change if point A were at the top of

the circle at t  0?

3. Give an example of a rotating object. (Engineering and the

sciences are good sources of examples.) What is the angular
velocity of the object? Choose a point on the object and find its
linear velocity.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 261 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Test (Lessons 6-1 through 6-4)
1. Change 42
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. __________________

4

2. Change   radians to degree measure. 2. __________________
15

3. Given a central angle of 76.4
, find the length of the 3. __________________

intercepted arc in a circle of radius 6 centimeters.
Round to the nearest tenth.

4. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 4. __________________

7

  radians and the radius of the circle is 2.6 meters.
12
Round to the nearest tenth.

5. A belt runs a pulley that has a diameter of 12 centimeters. 5. __________________

If the pulley rotates at 80 revolutions per minute, what is
its angular velocity in radians per second and its linear
velocity in centimeters per second?

7

6. Graph y  cos x for   x 5
. 6.
2

7. Determine whether the 7. __________________

graph represents y  sin x,
y  cos x, or neither. Explain.

State the amplitude and period for each function.


8. y  83 cos 65 8. __________________


9. y  2.3 sin 56 9. __________________

10. Write an equation of the sine function with amplitude 5 10. __________________
5

and period  .
6

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 262 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6, Quiz A (Lessons 6-1 and 6-2)
1. Change 700
to radian measure in terms of
. 1. __________________

2. Change 1
2 radians to degree measure. 2. __________________

3. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 66
3. __________________
and the radius of the circle is 12.1 yards. Round to the
nearest tenth.

4. Determine the angular velocity if 57 revolutions are 4. __________________

completed in 8 minutes. Round to the nearest tenth.

5

5. Determine the linear velocity of a point that rotates   5. __________________
18
radians in 5 seconds and is a distance of 10 centimeters
from the center of the rotating object.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Chapter
Chapter 6, Quiz B (Lessons 6-3 and 6-4)
6
Graph each function for the given interval.
13

1. y  cos x, 3
x   1.
2

2. y  sin x, 8
x 5
2.

State the amplitude and period for each function.

3. y  32 cos 5 3. __________________

4. y  0.7 sin 32 4. __________________

5. Write an equation of the sine function with amplitude 85 5. __________________

5

and period  .
3

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 263 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6, Quiz C (Lessons 6-5 and 6-6)
1. State the phase shift and vertical shift for y  3 cos
3  2
. 1. __________________

2. Write an equation of a cosine function with amplitude 2.4, 2. __________________

period 8.2, phase shift 

3
, and vertical shift 0.2.

3. Graph y  12x  sin x. 3.

The average monthly temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

for the city of Wichita, Kansas, are given below.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
31.3
35.2
45.0
56.1
65.3
75.4
80.4
79.3
70.9
59.2
44.8
34.5

4. Write a sinusoidal function that models the monthly 4. __________________

temperatures, using t  1 to represent January.

5. According to your model, what is the average monthly 5. __________________

temperature in August?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Chapter
Chapter 6, Quiz D (Lessons 6-7 and 6-8)
6
1. Graph y  sec x for
x 4
. 1.

2. Graph y  tan
2x  

2
 for 0 x 2
. 2.

3. Write an equation for a cotangent function with period 

3
, 3. __________________


phase shift 12, and vertical shift 4.

4. Write the equation for the inverse of y  Arcsin 2x. 4. __________________

  Cos1 
5. Evaluate tan Sin1
2 
3

23 . 5. __________________

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 264 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 SAT and ACT Practice
After working each problem, record the 6. At a point on the ground 27.6 meters
correct answer on the answer sheet from the foot of a flagpole, the angle of
provided or use your own paper. elevation to the top of the pole is 60
.
What is the height of the flagpole?
Multiple Choice A 15.9 m
1. Find cos  if sin   13 and B 47.8 m
tan   0. C 23.9 m
A 
2 B 23 D 13.8 m
3 E None of these
C 13 
D  
2
3
E  2  
2 7. ABC is an isosceles triangle, and
3 the coordinates of two vertices are
A(3, 2) and B(1, 2). What are the
2. Evaluate (2 sin )(cos ) if   150
. coordinates of C?
A 3  B 3  A (4, 3)

C  
3 
D  
3 B (1, 3)
2 2
C (3, 1)
E None of these D (3, 4)
E None of these
3. If the product of (1  3), (3  7), and
(7  13) is equal to two times the sum 8. Determine the coordinates of Q, an
of 12 and x, then x  endpoint of  , given that the other
PQ
A 36 endpoint is P(2, 4) and the midpoint
B 48 is M(1, 5).
C 60 A (4, 14)
D 108 B (0, 6)
E 12 C (4, 6)
D
12, 92
4. From which of the following
statements can you determine that E (5, 6)
m  n?
x2y7
I. 2m  n  12 II. m  n  7 9.  
(x2y3)2
A Both I alone and II alone y2 y
A x2 B x
B Neither I nor II, nor I and II y 1
together C x2 D x
2

C I alone, but not II E y

D II alone, but not I
E I and II together, but neither alone 10. If kx2  k2, for what values of k will
there be exactly two real values of x?
5. Solve sin2 x  1  0 for 0

x
360
. A All values of k
A 90
B All values of k  0
B 180
C All values of k
0
C 270
D All values of k  0
D All of the above E None of these
E Both A and C

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 265 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
2 Chapter 6 SAT and ACT Practice (continued)
11. If cot   185 and cos 
0, evaluate 15. For any integer k, which of the
following represents three

1  1c
7os  . consecutive even integers?
A 2k, 4k, 6k
A 5
17 B k, k  1, k  2
17
5  C k, k  2, k  4
B 17 D 4k, 4k  1, 4k  2
85
C   E 2k, 2k  2, 2k  4
17
D 5
1
9
 16. If y varies directly as the square
E 
17 of x, what will be the effect on y of
doubling x?
A y will double
12. In ABC shown below, A  30
, B y will be half as large
C  60
, and AC  10. Find BD. C y will be 4 times as large
A 25 D y will decrease in size

53 E None of these
B 2
3
 17–18. Quantitative Comparison
C 2
A if the quantity of Column A is
D 21 greater
3
 B if the quantity in Column B is
E 3
greater
C if the two quantities are equal
D if the relationship cannot be
13. For what value of k will the line determined from the information
3x  ky  8 be perpendicular to the given
line 4x  3y  6?
Column A Column B
A 6 17. k is a positive integer.
B 4
C 3 (1)2k (1)2k  1
D 3
E 4
18. 4(x  y)  24 and 3x  y  6
x y
14. Which line is a perpendicular bisector

to A B with endpoints A(1, 3) and 19–20. Refer to the figure below.
B(1, 2)?
A x  2y  1
B 2x  2y  1
C y1
D x  12 19. Grid-In Find the value of a.
E None of these 20. Grid-In Find the value of b  c.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 266 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
6 Chapter 6 Cumulative Review (Chapters 1-6)
1. State the domain of [ ƒ ° g](x) for ƒ(x) = 8x and g(x) = x  8. 1. __________________

2. State whether the linear programming problem 2. __________________

represented by the graph below is infeasible, is unbounded,
has an optimal solution, or has alternate optimal
solutions for finding a minumum.

ABC has vertices at A(-2, 3), B(1, 7), and C(4, -3). Find the
coordinates of the vertices of the triangle after each of the
following transformations.
3. dilation of scale factor 3 3. __________________

4. reflection over the y-axis 4. __________________

5. rotation of 270° counterclockwise about the origin 5. __________________

6. Find the value of k so that the remainder of 6. __________________

(3x3  10x2  kx  6) (x  3) is 0.

7. Solve 32x  4
20. 7. __________________

8. Find the area of ABC if A  24.4°, B  56.3°, and 8. __________________

c  78.4 centimeters.

9. Find the area of ABC if a  15 inches, b  19 inches, 9. __________________

and c  24 inches.

10. An oar floating on the water bobs up and down, covering 10. __________________
a distance of 12 feet from its lowest point to its highest
point. The oar moves from its lowest point to its highest
point and back to its lowest point every 15 seconds.
Write a cosine function with phase shift 0 for the height
of the oar after t seconds.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 267 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

BLANK
 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Trigonometry Semester Test

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of
each problem.
1. Given that x is an integer and 0 x
4, state the relation represented 1. ________
by y  x2  1 by listing a set of ordered pairs. Then state whether the
relation is a function.
A. {(0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 3), (3, 8)}; no
B. {(0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 3), (3, 8)}; yes
C. {(1, 0), (0, 1), (3, 2), (8, 3)}; no
D. {(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}; yes

2. Find the zero of the function ƒ(x)  2x  3. 2. ________

A.  23 B. 23 C. 32 D.  32

3. Which angle is not coterminal with 45°? 3. ________

A.  

4
 B. 315° 7

C. 2
 D. 675°

4. Evaluate cos
Cos1 12. 4. ________

2 3
A. 
2
B. 
2
C. 12 D. 1

5. Which function is an even function? 5. ________

A. y  x3 B. y  x2  x C. y  x|x| D. y  x 6  5

6. Find the slope of the line passing through (1, 1) and (1, 3). 6. ________
A. 1 B. 1 C. 2 D. undefined

7. Write the equation of the line that passes through (1, 2) and is parallel 7. ________
to the line x  3y  1  0.
A. 3x  y  5  0 B. x  3y  7  0
C. x  3y  5  0 D. 13 x  y  3  0

8. Choose the graph of ƒ(x)  |x  2|  2. 8. ________

A. B. C. D.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 269 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Trigonometry Semester Test (continued)

9. Write the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line passing 9. ________
through (1, 0) and (2, 3).
A. y  x  1 B. y  2x  2 C. y  x  1 D. y  3x  1

10. Write the polynomial equation of least degree with a leading 10. ________
coefficient of 1 and roots 0, 2i, and 2i.
A. x2  4  0 B. x3  4x  0 C. 4x2  0 D. 4x3  0

11. Find the inverse of y  (x  1)3. 11. ________

3 3 3 3
A. y  x  1 B. y  x  1 C. y  x
1 D. y  x
1

12. Choose the graph of y  2  |x  1|. 12. ________

A. B. C. D.

13. Find the x-intercept(s) of the graph of the function 13. ________
ƒ(x)  (x  2)(x2  25).
A. 2, 5 B. 2, 25 C. 2, 25 D. 5, 2, 5

14. Find A  B if A  53 42 and B  21 23. 14. ________

A. 74 65 B. 
3 2
2 1  C. 
3 3
2 1
D.  26 97
15. Find the discriminant of 2m2  3m  1  0 and describe the nature 15. ________
of the roots.
A. 6, imaginary B. 3, real
C. 4, imaginary D. 1, real

x 
16. Which best describes the graph of ƒ(x)   
2
4? 16. ________
x2
A. The graph has infinite discontinuity.
B. The graph has jump discontinuity.
C. The graph has point discontinuity.
D. The graph is continuous.

17. Solve sin   1 for all values of . Assume k is any integer. 17. ________
A. 90°  360k° B. 360k°
C. 180°  360k° D. 270°  360k°

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 270 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Trigonometry Semester Test (continued)

18. Find the value of 32 23 . 18. ________

A. 5 B. 13 C. 5 D. 2

19. List all possible rational zeros of ƒ(x)  2x3  3x2  2x  5. 19. ________
A. 1, 2, 5 B. 1, 5, 3,  12,  32
C. 1, 5,  12,  52 D. 1, 5

20. A section of highway is 5.1 kilometers long and rises at a uniform 20. ________
grade, making a 2.9° angle with the horizontal. What is the change
in elevation of this section of highway to the nearest thousandth?
A. 5.093 km B. 0.258 km C. 4.193 km D. 0.276 km

21. Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder for 21. ________
(x3  2x2  2x  3) (x  1).
A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 5

22. Find the multiplicative inverse of 43 22. 22. ________

A.  32 24 B. 32 12 C.

 1 1
32 2   
D. 2 1
3 1
2

23. The graph of y  x4  1 is symmetric with respect to 23. ________

A. the x-axis. B. the y-axis.
C. the line y  x. D. the line y  x.

24. Find one positive and one negative angle that are coterminal with 24. ________
3

an angle measuring  .
4
3
11
5
11
11
5
3


A.   ,   B.   ,   C.   ,   D.  ,  
4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4

2
25. If sin     and  lies in Quadrant III, find cot .
2
25. ________
3
A. 
3
B. 1 C. 3
 D. 1

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 271 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Trigonometry Semester Test (continued)

26. State the amplitude, period, and phase shift of the 26. __________________
function y  3 sin (2 x 
).

27. Find the value of Cos1
sin 

6
. 27. __________________
3y
   
x
28. Find the values of x and y for which x  2  6 . 28. __________________
2y 2
29. If  is a first quadrant angle and cos   13, find sin . 29. __________________

30. Find the value of sec  for angle  in standard position 30. __________________
if a point with coordinates (3, 4) lies on its terminal side.

31. Given ƒ(x)  x2  |x|, find ƒ(2). 31. __________________

32. Find the slope and y-intercept of the line passing 32. __________________
through (2, 4) and (3, 2).

33. Determine the slant asymptote for the graph 33. __________________
of ƒ(x)   x
x21.
x2

34. Determine whether the system is consistent and 34. __________________

independent, consistent and dependent,
or inconsistent.
6x  3y  0
4x  2y  2

35. Solve 2 sin x  csc x  0 for 0° x 180°. 35. __________________

36. If ƒ(x)  x2  1 and g(x)  x  1, find [ ƒ
g](x). 36. __________________

37. Write the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line 37. __________________
passing through (1, 7) and (3, 1).

38. Solve 2x2  4x  2  1 by using the Quadratic Formula. 38. __________________

39. Describe the transformation that relates the graph of 39. __________________
y  tan
x  
4 to the parent graph y  tan x.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 272 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Trigonometry Semester Test (continued)

40. Find AB if A  14 32 and B  32 15. 40. __________________

41. Write the equation for the inverse of y  arctan x. Then 41. __________________
graph the function and its inverse.

42. Given a central angle of 75°, find the length of the angle’s 42. __________________
intercepted arc in a circle of radius 8 centimeters. Round
to the nearest thousandth.

43. Determine whether the graph of y  23  3 has infinite 43. __________________
x
discontinuity, jump discontinuity, point discontinuity,
or is continuous.

44. Determine the rational zeros of ƒ(x)  6x3  11x2  6x  1. 44. __________________

45. State the amplitude and period of y  3 cos 2x. 45. __________________

46. Find an equation for a sine function with amplitude 2, 46. __________________
period
, phase shift 0, and vertical shift 1.

47. Find the value of 22 35 . 47. __________________

48. Find the multiplicative inverse of 23 12, if it exists. 48. __________________

49. The function ƒ(x)  2x2  4x  1 has a critical point 49. __________________
when x  1. Identify the point as a maximum, a minimum,
or a point of inflection, and state its coordinates.

50. Use the Law of Cosines to solve  ABC with a  15, 50. __________________
b  20, and C  95°. Round to the nearest tenth.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 273 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

BLANK
 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet

(10 Questions)

/ /
. . . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A1 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet

(20 Questions)

/ /
. . . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9

/ /
. . . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A2 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-1 Practice 6-1 Enrichment

Angles and Radian Measure Angle Measurement: The Mil
Change each degree measure to radian measure in terms The mil is an angle measurement used by the military. The military
of
. uses the mil because it is easy and accurate for measurements
1.
250ⴗ 2. 6ⴗ 3.
145ⴗ involving long distances. Determining the angle to use to hit a target
␲ ␲ in long-range artillery firing is one example.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
25

 ␲ 29


18 30 36
1
In ordinary measurement, 1 mil =  inch. For angle
1000
4. 870ⴗ 5. 18ⴗ 6.
820ⴗ
␲ 41␲ measurement, this means that an angle measuring one mil would
 ␲ 
29

6 10 9 subtend an arc of length 1 unit, with the entire circle being 1000
mils around. So, the circumference becomes 2
 1000, or about
6283.18 units. The military rounds this number to 6400 for
Change each radian measure to degree measure. Round to convenience. Thus,
the nearest tenth, if necessary.
7. 4
8. 

13 9.
1 1
30 1 mil =  revolution around a circle
6400
720° 78°
57.3°
So, 6400 mil = 2
radians.
10. 3

  11.
2.56 12. 7


 Example Change 3200 mil to radian measure.
16 9
6400 mil 2

33.8°
146.7
140  = 
x
3200 mil
x =

Answers

A3
Evaluate each expression. Change each mil measurement to radian measure.
13. tan 
 3

14. cos   3

15. sin  
4 2 2 1. 1600 mil 2. 800 mil
1 0
1



 

3
5
2 4
16. tan 
11
6
17. cos 4
 18. sin 
3
(Lesson 6-1)



 3



 2



 3
 3. 4800 mil 4. 2400 mil
3 2 2

3
3

 
Given the measurement of a central angle, find the length 2 4
of its intercepted arc in a circle of radius 10 centimeters.
Round to the nearest tenth. Change each radian measure to mil measurement. Round your
3

19. 


6
20.  
5
21. 
2 answers to the nearest tenth, where necessary.

5

5.2 cm 18.8 cm 15.7 cm 5. 
8
6. 
4

400 mil 4000 mil

Find the area of each sector, given its central angle ␪ and
the radius of the circle. Round to the nearest tenth.
22.   
, r  14 7

23.    , r  4


6 4 7.  8. 
12 6
51.3 units2 44.0 units2
266.7 mil 533.3 mil

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 226 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 227 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-2 Practice 6-2 Enrichment

Linear and Angular Velocity Angular Acceleration
Determine each angular displacement in radians. Round to An object traveling in a circular path experiences linear velocity and
the nearest tenth. angular velocity. It may also experience angular acceleration.
1. 6 revolutions 2. 4.3 revolutions 3. 85 revolutions Angular acceleration is the rate of change in angular velocity with
37.7 radians 27.0 radians 534.1 radians respect to time.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
At time t  0, there is an initial angular velocity. At the end of
time t, there is a final angular velocity. Then the angular
4. 11.5 revolutions 5. 7.7 revolutions 6. 17.8 revolutions
acceleration  of the object can be defined as
72.3 radians 48.4 radians 111.8 radians
final angular velocity
initial angular velocity
  .
time
Determine each angular velocity. Round to the nearest tenth. The units for angular acceleration are usually rad /s 2 or rev/min2.
7. 2.6 revolutions in 6 seconds 8. 7.9 revolutions in 11 seconds
2.7 radians/s 4.5 radians/s Example A record has a small chip on its edge. If
the record begins at rest and then goes to
9. 118.3 revolutions in 19 minutes 10. 5.5 revolutions in 4 minutes 45 revolutions per minute in 30 seconds,
39.1 radians/min 8.6 radians/min what is the angular acceleration of the chip?
The record starts at rest, so the initial angular velocity
11. 22.4 revolutions in 15 seconds 12. 14 revolutions in 2 minutes
is 0. The final angular velocity is 45 revolutions/minute.
9.4 radians/s 44.0 radians/min Thus, the angular acceleration is
Answers

45
0
  ______

A4
Determine the linear velocity of a point rotating at the given 1

angular velocity at a distance r from the center of the 2
rotating object. Round to the nearest tenth.
13.   14.3 radians per second, r  7 centimeters = 90 rev/min2.
Solve.
100.1 cm/s
1. The record in the example was playing at 45 rev/ min. A
14.   28 radians per second, r  2 feet power surge lasting 2 seconds caused the record to speed
(Lesson 6-2)

56.0 ft/s up to 80 rev/min. What was the angular acceleration of

the chip then?
15.   5.4
radians per minute, r  1.3 meters
1050 rev/min2
22.1 m/min
16.   41.7
radians per second, r  18 inches
2358.1 in./s
2. When a car enters a curve in the road, the tires are turning at an
17.   234 radians per minute, r  31 inches angular velocity of 50 ft/s. At the end of the curve, the angular
7254.0 in./min velocity of the tires is 60 ft /s. If the curve is an arc of a
circle with radius 2000 feet and central angle   
, and the
18. Clocks Suppose the second hand on a clock is 3 inches long. 4
car travels at a constant linear velocity of 40 mph, what is the
Find the linear velocity of the tip of the second hand.
angular acceleration?
0.3 in./s
0.37 ft /s2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 229 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 230 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-3 Practice 6-3 Enrichment

Graphing Sine and Cosine Functions Periodic Phenomena
Find each value by referring to the graph of the sine or the Periodic phenomena are common in everyday life.
cosine function. The first graph portrays the loudness of a foghorn
1. cos
3

2. sin   7


  as a function of time. The sound rises quickly to its
2 2
3. sin  
loudest level, holds for about two seconds, drops off

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
1 1
a little more quickly than it rose, then remains
quiet for about four seconds before beginning a new
cycle. The period of the cycle is eight seconds.
Find the values of ␪ for which each equation is true.
4. sin   0 5. cos   1 6. cos  
1 1. Give three examples of periodic phenomena, together with a typical
period for each.
␲ n, where n ␲n, where n ␲n, where n is
is any integer is an even integer an odd integer sample answers: the cycle of the moon (28 days), the
swinging of a pendulum (one second), the cycle of the
Graph each function for the given interval. seasons (one year)
7. y  sin x;


2
  x  

2
8. y  cos x; 7
 x  9
2. Sunrise is at 8 A.M. on December 21 in Function Junction and at
6 A.M. on June 21. Sketch a two-year graph of sunrise times in
Function Junction.
Answers

A5
Determine whether each graph is y  sin x, y  cos x, or
neither. State whether each function is periodic. If it is, give its period.
9. 10. 3. 4.
(Lesson 6-3)

yes; 8 no
y  cos x y  sin x
5. 6.
6
11. Meteorology The equation y  70.5  19.5 sin 
(t
4) models
the average monthly temperature for Phoenix, Arizona, in degrees
Fahrenheit. In this equation, t denotes the number of months, with
t  1 representing January. What is the average monthly temperature
for July? 90F
yes; 4 yes; 4
7. A student graphed a periodic function with a period of n. The
student then translated the graph c units to the right and
obtained the original graph. Describe the relationship between c
and n. c is a positive multiple of n.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 232 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 233 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-4 Practice 6-4 Enrichment

Amplitude and Period of Sine and Cosine Functions Mass of a Floating Object
State the amplitude and period for each function. Then An object bobbing up and down in the water
graph each function. exhibits periodic motion. The greater the mass of
1. y 
2 sin  2. y  4 cos 3 the object (think of an ocean liner and a buoy), the
longer the period of oscillation (up and down

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2; 2␲ 4; 6␲
motion). The greater the horizontal cross-sectional
area of the object, the shorter the period. If you
know the period and the cross-sectional area, you
can find the mass of the object.
Imagine a point on the waterline of a stationary floating object. Let y
represent the vertical position of the point above or below the
waterline when the object begins to oscillate. (y  0 represents the
waterline.) If we neglect air and water resistance, the equation of
motion of the object is
3. y  1.5 cos 4 4. y 
23 sin 2
9800C
2; 4␲ y  A sin 
1.5; ␲2 3 M
 t,
where A is the amplitude of the oscillation, C is the horizontal
cross-sectional area of the object in square meters, M is the mass of
the object in kilograms, and t is the elapsed time in seconds since
the beginning of the oscillation. The argument of the sine is measured
Answers

A6
in radians and y is measured in meters.
1. A 4-kg log has a cross-sectional area of 0.2 m2. A point on the log
has a maximum displacement of 0.4 m above or below the water
line. Find the vertical position of the point 5 seconds after the log
Write an equation of the sine function with each amplitude begins to bob.
and period. 0.26 below the water line
5. amplitude  3, period  2
6. amplitude  8.5, period  6

(Lesson 6-4)

2. Find an expression for the period of an oscillating floating object.

y  3 sin ␪ y  8.5 sin 3␪
Write an equation of the cosine function with each p  2

amplitude and period.  0
98M0
C
7. amplitude  0.5, period  0.2
8. amplitude  15, period  25

3. Find the period of the log described in Exercise 1.
y  0.5 cos 10␪ y  51 cos 5␪
9. Music A piano tuner strikes a tuning fork for note A above middle C
0.28 seconds
and sets in motion vibrations that can be modeled by the equation 4. A buoy bobs up and down with a period of 0.6 seconds. The mean
y  0.001 sin 880
t. Find the amplitude and period for the function. cross-sectional area of the buoy is 1.3 m2. Use your equation for
0.001; 1 the period of an oscillating floating object to find the mass of the
440 buoy.
116.2 kg
5. Write an equation of motion of the buoy described in Exercise 4 if
the amplitude is 0.45 m. y 0.45 sin 10.47t

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Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-5 Practice 6-5 Enrichment

Translations of Sine and Cosine Functions Translating Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
In Lesson 3-2, you learned how changes in a polynomial function
State the vertical shift and the equation of the midline for affect the graph of the function. If a > 0, the graph of y ± a  f (x)
each function. Then graph each function. translates the graph of f (x) downward or upward a units. The graph
1. y  4 cos   4 2. y  sin 2
2 of y  f (x  a) translates the graph of f (x) left or right a units.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4 units up; y  4 2 units down; y 
2 These results apply to trigonometric functions as well.
Example 1 Graph y  3 sin 2␪, y  3 sin 2(␪
30°), and
y  4  3 sin 2␪ on the same coordinate axes.
Obtain the graph of y  3 sin 2(
30°)
by translating the graph of y  3 sin 2
30° to the right. Obtain the graph of
y  4  3 sin 2 by translating the
graph of y  3 sin 2 downward 4 units.
State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift
for each function. Then graph the function.

3 4. y  12 cos (2

)  2
Example 2
3. y  2 sin   

2 Graph one cycle of y  6 cos (5␪  80°)  2.
2; 2␲;
␲2;
3 1;
2
␲ ; ␲2; 2
Step 1 Isolate the term involving
the trigonometric function.
Answers

y
2  6 cos (5  80°)

A7
Step 2 Factor out the coefficient of .
y
2  6 cos 5(  16°)
Step 3 Sketch y  6 cos 5 .
Step 4 Translate y  6 cos 5 to obtain the
graph of y
2  6 cos 5(  16°).
Write an equation of the specified function with each
(Lesson 6-5)

amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift.

, vertical shift 
10
5. sine function: amplitude  15, period  4
, phase shift  

2
Sketch these graphs on the same coordinate axes.
y   15 sin
2␪
␲4
10
1. y  3 sin 2(  45°)
6. cosine function: amplitude  23, period ,
 

3
phase shift 


3
, vertical shift  5 2. y  5  3 sin 2(  90°)
y   23 cos (6␪  2␲)  5
Graph one cycle of each curve on the same coordinate axes.
7. sine function: amplitude  6, period 
, phase shift  0, vertical shift 
23
y   6 sin 2␪
23 3. y  6 cos (4  360°)  3

4. y  6 cos 4  3

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 238 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 239 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

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 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-6 Practice 6-6 Enrichment

Modeling Real-World Data with Sinusoidal Functions Approximating

1. Meteorology The average monthly temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit (ⴗF) During the eighteenth century, the French scientist
for Baltimore, Maryland, are given below. George de Buffon developed an experimental method for
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. approximating π using probability. Buffon’s method
32 35 44 53 63 73 77 76 69 57 47 37 requires tossing a needle randomly onto an array of

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
a. Find the amplitude of a sinusoidal function that models the parallel and equidistant lines. If the needle intersects a
monthly temperatures. line, it is a “hit.” Otherwise, it is a “miss.” The length of
22.5 the needle must be less than or equal to the distance
between the lines. For simplicity, we will demonstrate
b. Find the vertical shift of a sinusoidal function that models the
the method and its proof using a 2-inch needle and lines
monthly temperatures.
2 inches apart.
54.5
1. Assume that the needle falls at an angle  with the
c. What is the period of a sinusoidal function that models the
horizontal, and that the tip of the needle just touches
monthly temperatures?
a line. Find the distance d of the needle’s midpoint M
12 months from the line.
d. Write a sinusoidal function that models the monthly
temperatures, using t  1 to represent January. sin 
2. Graph the function that relates
Sample answer: y  22.5 cos ␲t π

6 .
 2.62  54.5
 and d for 0    
2
e. According to your model, what is the average temperature in
July? How does this compare with the actual average?
Answers

Sample answer: 77; the average temperature and 3. Suppose that the needle lands at an angle  but a distance less

A8
the model are the same. than d. Is the toss a hit or a miss? a hit
f. According to your model, what is the average temperature in 4. Shade the portion of the graph containing points that represent
December? How does this compare with the actual average? hits. Students should shade the lower portion
Sample answer: 35; the average temperature is 37;
the model is 2 less. of the graph.
5. The area A under the curve you have drawn between x  a
2. Boating A buoy, bobbing up and down in the water as waves and x  b is given by A  cos a
cos b. Find the area of the
(Lesson 6-6)

move past it, moves from its highest point to its lowest point and shaded region of your graph. 1
back to its highest point every 10 seconds. The distance between
its highest and lowest points is 3 feet. 6. Draw a rectangle around the graph in Exercise 2 for d  0 to 1




a. What is the amplitude of a sinusoidal function that models the and   0 to 
2
. The area of the rectangle is 1  
2

2
.
bobbing buoy? 1.5 The probability P of a hit is the area of the set of all “hit” points
divided by the area of the set of all possible landing points.
b. What is the period of a sinusoidal function that models the Complete the final fraction:
bobbing buoy? 10 s hit points shaded area 1
 
2
P all points
 total area
 . P  ␲
π

c. Write a sinusoidal function that models the bobbing buoy, 2
using t  0 at its highest point. Sample answer: 1.5 cos ␲t 7. Use the first and last expressions in the above equation to write π in
5

terms of P. 2
d. According to your model, what is the height of the buoy at π 
P
t  2 seconds? about 0.46 ft 8. The Italian mathematician Lazzerini made 3408 needle tosses,
scoring 2169 hits. Calculate Lazzerini’s experimental value of π.
e. According to your model, what is the height of the buoy at 3.1424619
t  6 seconds? about
1.21 ft

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 241 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 242 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-7 Practice 6-7 Enrichment

Graphing Other Trigonometric Functions Reading Mathematics: Understanding Graphs
Technically, a graph is a set of points where pairs of points are
Find each value by referring to the graphs of the trigonometric connected by a set of segments and/or arcs. If the graph is the graph
functions. of an equation, the set of points consists of those points whose
3
3

  coordinates satisfy the equation.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
1. tan 
 2 
2. cot 2 
undefined 0 Practically speaking, to see a graph this way is as useless as seeing
a word as a collection of letters. The full meaning of a graph and its
value as a tool of understanding can be grasped only by viewing the
3. sec 4
7

4. csc 
2  graph as a whole. It is more useful to see a graph not just as a set of
1 1 points, but as a picture of a function. The following suggestions,
based on the idea of a graph as a picture, may help you reach a
deeper understanding of the meaning of graphs.
a. Read the equation of the graph as a title. Get a
Find the values of ␪ for which each equation is true.
sense of the behavior of the function by describing
5. tan   0 6. cot   0 its characteristics to yourself in general terms. The
␲ n, where n is an integer ␲ n, where n is an odd integer graph shown depicts the function y  2 sin xsin 2x.
2 In the region shown, the function increases,
decreases, then increases again. It looks a bit like a
7. csc   1 8. sec  
1 sine curve but with steeper sides, sharper peaks
␲  2␲n, where n is an integer ␲n, where n is an odd integer and valleys, and a point of inf lection at x 
.
2
Answers

b. Focus on the details. View them not as isolated or unrelated

A9
facts but as traits of the function that distinguish it from other
functions. Think of the graph as a point that moves through the
Graph each function. coordinate plane sketching a profile of the function. Use the
9. y  tan (2 
)  1 10. y  cot 2


2 function to guess the behavior of the graph beyond the region
2
shown. The graph of y  2 sin x  sin 2x appears to exhibit point
symmetry about the point of inf lection x 
. It intersects the
x-axis at 0,
, and 2
, and reaches a relative maximum of y 2.6
5

(Lesson 6-7)

at x   –
3 and a relative minimum of y 2.6 at
x  3 . Since
the maximum value of 2 sin x is 2 and the maximum value of
sin 2x is 1, y  2 sin x  sin 2x will never exceed 3.
Discuss the graph at the right. Use the above
discussion as a model. You should discuss the
11. y  csc   3 12. y  sec 3 

1 graph's shape, critical points, and symmetry.
Sample answer: The graph depicts
y  x sin
x. The region shown has the
shape of a W with a dip in the center
peak. It reaches relative minima of
y –1.5 at about x  1.5 and of y  0
at the origin. It reaches relative maxima of about 0.5 at about
x  0.5. The graph also shows relative maxima of about
2.5 at about x  2.5. The graph appears to be symmetric
about the y-axis.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 244 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 245 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

6-8 Practice 6-8 Enrichment

Trigonometric Inverses and Their Graphs Algebraic Trigonometric Expressions
Write the equation for the inverse of each function. Then graph In Lesson 6-4, you learned how to use right triangles to find exact
the function and its inverse. values of functions of inverse trigonometric functions. In calculus it
1. y  tan 2x   Arccos x
2. y  
is sometimes necessary to convert trigonometric expressions into
2 algebraic ones. You can use the same method to do this.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
y  12 tan
1 x y  Cos
x
␲2
Example Write sin (arccos 4 x) as an algebraic expression in x.
Let y  arccos 4x and let z  side opposite ⬔ y.

(4x)2  z2  12 Pythagorean Theorem

16x2  z2 1
z2  1
16x2
z 
 1

1
6x2 Take the square
root of each side.
z
sin y   Definition of sine
1
1
sin y 
 1

 6x2

Therefore, sin (arccos 4x) 
1 16

 x2.

Write each of the following as an algebraic expression in x .

Answers

1. cot (arccos 4x)

A10
4x
 
Find each value. 


1

16x 2
3. Arccos (
1) 4. Arctan 1 5. Arcsin 
12
2. sin (arctan x)
␲ ␲
4

␲6 x

(Lesson 6-8)



x 21
x
3
 3. cos arctan 
6. Sin
1  3

 
2
7. Cos
1 sin 

3
8. tan Sin
1 1
Cos
1 12  
␲ ␲ 

3 3
3 6 3 
9

x2
4. sin [arcsec (x
2)]
9. Weather 2

 
6
The equation y  10 sin 
t
   57 models the average
3 
x2
4x3

monthly temperatures for Napa, California. In this equation, t denotes x
2
the number of months with January represented by t  1. During
x
h
which two months is the average temperature 62ⴗ? May and September 5. cos arcsin 
 r 




r2
 

x22
 x
h

h 2
 
r

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 247 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 248 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Answer Key
Form 1A Form 1B
Page 249 Page 250 Page 251 Page 252
1. A 13. B 1. D 12. C

2. B 2. B 13. D

3. D 3. B
14. C

4. C 4. A 14. C
15. B

5. C
16. D 5. D
15. D
17. C
6. A
6. D 16. C

7. B 17. A
7. A
18. A
8. D
8. D
18. C

9. B 19. D
9. C
19. B

10. B
10. A
20. A
20. C
11. A
11. B
12. D Bonus: C
Bonus: D

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A11 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Answer Key
Form 1C Form 2A
Page 253 Page 254 Page 255 Page 256
1. C 12. B 1.
 ␲
26 14. Sample answer: y
15
24.25 sin
␲6t
23␲  49.55

2. B 2.
690
13. C 15. Sample answer:
49.55
3. C 3.18.2 radians/s

16.
14. B 4. 286.5 m/min
4. A

Sample answer: 17.

5. B 15. C
5.3958.4 cm/min

16. A

6. C 17. A 6. 0.2 m 18.

7. A 7. 239.3 m2
18. D
y
8. D ␲x
23 cos
   5.78␲ 
0.9 19.
8.
 3.9

19. B 9. y  cot
23x
␲
43

9. B
20.
2␲
10. 1; 
␲
 ; ; 2
3 15

10. A 20. C
␲ ␲
11.  ;
 ;
2
4 4
Bonus: 12

13
11. D 12. y  43
23  Cot 4x

Bonus: D
13. 1
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A12 Advanced Mathematical Concepts
 Chapter 6 Answer Key
Form 2B Form 2C
Page 257 Page 258 Page 259 Page 260
␲
13 14. Sample answer: 9␲ 14. Sample answer:
1.  1.  
4 4
y  26.9 sin
␲6 t
23␲ y  20.8 sin
␲6 t
23␲
 47.9  47.9
2. 660 2. 75
15. Sample answer: 15. Sample answer:
37.5
61.4
3. 9.8 radians/s 3. 110.6 radians/s

16.
16.
4. 527.8 m/min 4. 219.9 ft/s

1.05 in./s or 17.

5. 0.7 cm/min 17. 5. 62.8 in./min

6. about 36.3 cm 6. about 3.1 in.

18. 18.

7. about 1274 cm 7. about 42.4 m2

y  2 sin
8.
 x  ␲  3
y 2
8. 4 cos

␲x
  
5
␲2
5 5
3 3
19. 19.
y
9. tan
x
␲
1
2 8
9. y  tan
x  ␲   2
3 3

20.
␲
10. 4; 4␲ ;
␲; 1 10. 3; ␲; ; 0 20.
2 8

Bonus:
3

4
3
␲ ␲
11. 4␲ ;
2␲ ; 3 11.  ;  ;
2
3 3
Bonus:

 
5
2

12. y  Cos x  5
12. y  Tan x
3

13.

 
3
2 13. 1

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A13 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Answer Key
CHAPTER 6 SCORING RUBRIC
Level Specific Criteria
3 Superior • Shows thorough understanding of the concepts amplitude,
period, and phase shift of a graph.
• Uses appropriate strategies to model motion of point on wheel.
• Computations are correct.
• Written explanations are exemplary.
• Example and analysis of rotating object are appropriate and
make sense.
• Graphs are accurate and appropriate.
• Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.
2 Satisfactory, • Shows understanding of the concepts amplitude, period,
with Minor and phase shift of a graph.
Flaws • Uses appropriate strategies to model motion of point on wheel.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are effective.
• Example and analysis of rotating object are appropriate and
make sense.
• Graphs are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies all requirements of problems.
1 Nearly • Shows understanding of most of the concepts amplitude,
Satisfactory, period, and phase shift of a graph.
with Serious • May not use appropriate strategies to model motion of point
Flaws on wheel.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are satisfactory.
• Example and analysis of rotating object are mostly appropriate
and sensible.
• Graphs are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies most requirements of problems.
0 Unsatisfactory • Shows little or no understanding of the concepts amplitude,
period, and phase shift of a graph.
• May not use appropriate strategies to model motion of point
on wheel.
• Computations are incorrect.
• Written explanations are not satisfactory.
• Example and analysis of rotating object are not appropriate
and sensible.
• Graphs are not accurate and appropriate.
• Does not satisfy requirements of problems.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A14 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Answer Key
Open-Ended Assessment
Page 261
1a. An amplitude of 3 for a sine 1d. Sample answer: amplitude 2,
function means that the y period 4 ␲, and phase shift
␲
values of the function vary y  2 sin
12 x  ␲
2

between 3 and
3, as shown
in the graph.

␲
2a. y 
10 sin  t
1b. A period for ␲ for a cosine 10
function means it takes ␲ units x
2␲
 21
0
, x  1␲0 rev/s
along the x-axis for the
function to complete one 2b. The amplitude would change
cycle, as shown in the graph. from 10 to 5. y 
5 sin 1␲0 t

2c. The period would change

from 1␲0 to ␲5 .
y 
10 sin ␲5 t
␲
x  1, x   rev/s
2␲ 10 5

1c. A phase shift of
␲ for a 2d. Sample answer: The function
4
tangent function means the would change from sine to
cosine.
graph has shifted ␲4 units
y  10 cos 1␲0 t
to the left, as shown in
the graph. 3. Earth is a rotating object. It
rotates once every 24 hours.
Since 24 hours  86,400
seconds, the angular velocity is
  ␪t  2␲  0.000277 radian/s.
86400
The radius of Earth is about 6400
kilometers. The linear velocity of
a point at the equator is
6400(2␲)
v  rt␪     0.465 km/s.
86,400

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A15 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Answer Key
Mid-Chapter Test Quiz A Quiz C
Page 262 Page 263 Page 264
␲ ␲
1.
73
0
1. 35

9
1. 6␲; 0
␲␪ ␲
2
y   2.4 cos
 

4.1 12.3
2. 48 2.  0.2
2.
15
3. 8.0 cm
3.
3. 84.3 yd2

4. 6.2 m2

Sample answer: y  24.5

8␲
 radians/s; 4. 44.8 radians/min ␲ 2␲
3
4.
6
sin  t

3 
  55.85
5. 50.3 cm/s
Sample answer:
5. 1.75 cm/s 5. 77.1

6.

Quiz D
Page 264
neither; the 1.
maximum value
7. is 2, not 1 Quiz B
Page 263
1.
2.

2.
5␲
8 ; 
8.
3 3
 3. y  cot
3x  ␲4
4

3. 3 ; 25␲
9. 2.3;  ␲
12 2 4. y  2 Sin x
5
4. 0.7; 43␲
5. undefined
10. y   5 sin 12␪ ␪

5 5. y 8 sin 6
5 5

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A16 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Chapter 6 Answer Key
SAT/ACT Practice Cumulative Review
Page 265 Page 266 Page 267
1. E 11. A 1. x8

2. infeasible
2. D 12. B

3. A 13. B

4. E 14. E
(
6, 9), (3, 21),
3. (12,
9)

5. E 15. E (2, 3), (
1, 7),

4. (
4,
3)

(3, 2), (7,
1),

6. B 16. C 5. (
3,
4)

6. 5
7. D 17. A

7.
4 x 
16

3 3
8. C 18. C
8. 1070 cm2

9. C 19. 15
9. 142.5 in2

10. D 20. 65 2␲
10. h 
6 cos  t
15

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A17 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Answer Key
Semester Test
Chapters 1–6
Page 269 Page 270 Page 271
1. B 9. A 18. C

10. B
19. C

2. C
11. B

20. B
3. C
12. C

4. C
21. A

5. D 13. D
22. C

6. B
14. B

7. B 23. B

15. D

24. C
8. C
16. C

25. B

17. A

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A18 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

 Answer Key
Page 272 Page 273
3, ␲, ␲2
26. 40.  76 9

19 
27. ␲
41. y  tan x
3

28. (4, 1)

2

 
2
29. 33

30.
35

31. 6 42. 10.472 cm

32.
25, 15

6

43. infinite discontinuity

33. ƒ(x)  x  1

44. 1, 12, 13

34. inconsistent
45. 3, ␲

46. y  2 sin 2␪  1

35. 45°, 135°

47. 4
36. x2  2x  2
48. 
32
12
37. y  2x  5
49. maximum, (1, 1)

38.
2 

2

2
translated ␲ unit
4
39. to the right 50. c  26.0, A  35.0, B  50.0

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A19 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

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